Angle Between a Line and a Plane Using Direction Cosines

Angle Between a Line and a Plane Using Direction Cosines

If a line has direction cosines $$l,m,n$$ and the normal to a plane has direction cosines $$l_1,m_1,n_1$$, then:

$$\sin\theta=|ll_1+mm_1+nn_1|$$

Usage

- Used when direction cosines of both the line and plane normal are given.