Taylor's Theorem
If $$f$$ has sufficiently many derivatives near $$a$$, then:
$$f(x)=f(a)+f'(a)(x-a)+\frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2+\cdots+\frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n+R_n$$
Usage
- Used to approximate functions by polynomials and to study higher-order behaviour.