INDUSTRIOUS
SRCC GBO 2010 Question Paper
In the following questions choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given word.
Solution
The word "Hardworking" is used synonymously with the word "Industrious".
None of the other words can be associated with the given word.
Hence, Option C is the correct answer.
COLOSSUS
Solution
Colossus refers to a person or thing of enormous size, importance, or ability.
While tall, towering and lofty can be used in the context of the height of an object, huge can be used to mean both the scale and the size of an object, idea or capability.
Hence, option B is closest to the meaning of the word "colossus".
DEFER
Solution
"Defer" means to put off (an action or event) to a later time;
The word closest to the meaning of the given word is "postpone".
Hence, Option C is the correct answer.
EXASPERATION
Solution
Exasperation refers to a feeling of intense irritation or annoyance.
Since irritation is one of the given options, it will suit the requirement.
Hence, Option B is correct.
ENDORSEMENT
Solution
"To endorse" is to declare one's public approval or support of/for something.
The word that can be closely associated with the given word is "approval".
Hence, Option D is correct.
In the following questions, fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrase.
Who will .............. the children when their mother is in the hospital?
Solution
The correct sentence can be re-written as:
Who will look after the children when their mother is in the hospital?
Look after means to take care of someone or something.
Look for: to hope to get something that you want or need.
Look up: (of a situation) to improve.
Look about: to try to locate someone or something.
Hence, Option A is correct.
This photo clearly ................ the difference between the two brothers.
Solution
The correct answer is Option B.
The phrase “bring out” is often used to mean “reveal” or “show clearly”. In this context, the photo is revealing or showing the difference between the two brothers.
The other options do not fit in this context.
Option A: “Brings” needs an object or complement to complete the sentence.
Option C: “Brings up” usually means to start discussing a topic.
Option D: “Brings in” typically means to introduce something new or to earn money.
He has ............ a lot of money for his old age
Solution
The phrase “put aside” means to save something, like money, for future use. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer
The other options do not fit in this context.
Option A: “Put off” means to delay or postpone something.
Option C: “Put across” means to communicate or make something understood.
Option D: “Put through” typically means to connect a phone call or to make someone undergo a difficult situation. Therefore, “put aside” is the most appropriate choice here.
The reporters eagerly ............ the speech made by Obama
Solution
The phrase “took down” is often used to mean making a written record of something spoken, like a speech. Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.
The other options do not fit in this context.
Option A: “Took up” usually means to begin doing or learning something.
Option B: “Took on” typically means to accept a job or responsibility.
Option C: “Took off” generally means to leave a place quickly or to become successful quickly.
Therefore, “took down” is the most appropriate choice here. The reporters eagerly took down (recorded) the speech made by Obama.
The books are locked and I can’t ............ them
Solution
The phrase “get at” is often used to mean reaching or gaining access to something. Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.
The other options do not fit in this context.
Option B: “Get to” usually means to arrive at a place or to have an opportunity to do something.
Option C: “Get on” typically means to manage or deal with a situation, especially successfully.
Option D: “Get into” generally means to become involved in a bad situation or to start enjoying something.
Therefore, “get at” is the most appropriate choice here. The sentence would read: “The books are locked, and I can’t get at them.” This implies that the speaker cannot access the books because they are locked away.
In the following questions choose the alternative which is opposite in meaning to the given words.
LUSCIOUS
Solution
The word “luscious” typically means having a pleasingly rich, sweet, or appetizing flavour. Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to “luscious” would be: Option B) insipid.
“Insipid” means lacking flavour or taste; unappetizing.
Option A: “Fickle” means changing frequently, especially regarding one’s loyalties or affections.
Option C: “Languid” means slow and relaxed or weak or faint from illness or fatigue.
Option D: “Deteriorating” means becoming progressively worse.
Therefore, “insipid” is the most appropriate choice here as it is the opposite of the meaning of “luscious”.
MERCILESS
Solution
The word “merciless” typically means showing no mercy or pity. Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to “merciless” would be Option C) kind.
“Kind” means having or showing a friendly, generous, and considerate nature, which is the opposite of being merciless.
The other options do not fit in this context.
Option A: “Obscure” means not discovered or known about; uncertain.
Option B: “Faithful” means loyal, constant, and steadfast.
Option D: “Pathetic” means arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness.
Therefore, “kind” is the most appropriate choice here as it is the opposite of “merciless”.
SUPERFICIAL
Solution
The word “superficial” typically means existing or occurring at or on the surface, often indicating a lack of depth in understanding, knowledge, or character. Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to “superficial” would be Option C)deep
“Deep” means extending far down from the top or surface or profound in terms of situation or quality. It can indicate a significant level of understanding, knowledge, or character, which is the opposite of being superficial.
The other options do not fit in this context.
Option A: “Shallow” is actually similar in meaning to “superficial”, indicating a lack of depth.
Option B: “Real” means actually existing as a thing or occurring in fact.
Option D: “Artificial” means made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally.
Therefore, “deep” is the most appropriate choice here as it is the opposite meaning of “superficial”.
OPAQUE
Solution
The word “opaque” typically means not able to be seen through; not transparent. Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to “opaque” would be:Option A) transparent
"Transparent” means allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen, which is the opposite of being opaque.
The other options do not fit in this context.
Option B: “Covered” means putting something such as a cloth or lid on top of or in front of (something) in order to protect or conceal it.
Option C: “Clear” can mean easy to perceive, understand, or interpret.
Option D: “Misty” means full of, covered with, or resembling mist.
Therefore, “transparent” is the most appropriate choice here as it is the opposite of “opaque”.
SUMMIT
Solution
The word “summit” typically refers to the highest point or peak. Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to “summit” would be:Option C) base
“Base” refers to the lowest part or edge of something, especially the part on which it rests or is supported, which is the opposite of the summit.
The other options do not fit in this context.
Option A: “Zenith” is a term that also refers to the highest point, similar to “summit”.
Option B: “Acme” is another term for the peak or highest point.
Option D: “Submerged” refers to being below the surface of the water, but it doesn’t necessarily imply the opposite of a summit in the context of a peak or high point.
Therefore, “base” is the most appropriate choice here as it is opposite in meaning to “summit”.
In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the alternatives given below the passage.
In earlier days, a handicrafts man, the typical labourer, received a certain .....16....... from the work he did. His efforts were mostly to his own .....17..... He saw the fruits of his own work in the ....18.... object he produced. Moreover, the ......19...... of this object ....20...... demanded his adaptability or inventiveness to overcome the .....21..... which arose. In a real sense one can speak of his .....22.... Today all this has.....23..... A standardized job is done in a standardized .......24...... and a standardized job for a standardized .......25........
Blank 16
Solution
"Satisfaction" fits best in Blank 16 because it reflects the sense of fulfilment or contentment that a handicraftsman would derive from his work.
Blank 17
Solution
"Betterment" fits best in Blank 17 as it encapsulates the idea that the craftsman's efforts were directed towards self-improvement and growth.
Blank 18
Solution
"Whole" is an appropriate choice for Blank 18 because it emphasizes the tangible and complete nature of the object produced by the handicraftsman. It effectively conveys the idea that the handicraftsman sees the complete and unified result of his labor, reinforcing the sense of satisfaction and fulfillment derived from creating something tangible and meaningful.
Blank 19
Solution
"Making" is the correct word for Blank 19 because it pertains directly to the process of crafting or producing the object. The handicraftsman is actively engaged in the act of making something, using his skills, knowledge, and creativity to transform raw materials into a finished product.
Blank 20
Solution
"Often" is the correct word for Blank 20 because it implies that encountering challenges or obstacles during the production process was a common occurrence for the handicraftsman.
Blank 21
Solution
"Difficulty" is the correct word for Blank 21 because it encapsulates the challenges or obstacles that the handicraftsman may encounter during the production process. It effectively conveys the idea that crafting objects is not without its challenges, emphasizing the skill, expertise, and dedication required to excel in the craft.
Blank 22
Solution
"Work" is the correct word for Blank 22 because it encompasses the craftsperson's labor, skill, and dedication put into the creation of their craft. In the context provided, "work" refers to the craftsmanship itself—the tangible output of the artisan's efforts. It effectively captures the essence of craftsmanship as a labour-intensive and skilful endeavour, highlighting the craftsperson's role in creating objects of value and significance.
Blank 23
Solution
"Changed" is the correct word for Blank 23 because it suggests a transformation or evolution in the nature of the craftsman's tasks or work environment.
Blank 24
Solution
"Manner" is the correct word for Blank 24 because it refers to the way in which a task is performed or carried out. In the context provided, the sentence is describing how standardized jobs are executed in a uniform and consistent manner.
Blank 25
Solution
"Salary" is the correct word for Blank 25 because it refers to the fixed regular payment that a worker receives in exchange for their labor. In the context provided, the sentence is describing how standardized jobs are associated with a predetermined wage or compensation structure.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.
Throughout the extensive areas of the tropics the tall and stately primeval forest has given way to eroded land, scrub, and the jumble of secondary growth. Just as the virgin forests of Europe and North America were laid low by man’s improvidence, so those of the tropics are now vanishing only their destruction may be encompassed in decades instead of centuries. A few authorities hold that, expect for government reserves, the earth’s great rain forest may vanish within a generation. The economic loss will be incalculable, for the primary rain forests are rich sources of timber (mahogany, teak) and such by-products are resins, gums, cellulose, camphor and rattans. No one, indeed can compute their resources, for the thousands of species that compose the forest cover, there are only a few whose physical and chemical properties have been studied with a view to commercial use.
Most important of all, the primeval rain forest is a reservoir of specimens, a dynamic centre of evolution which the rest of the world’s plant life has been continually enriched with new forms. These extensive reserves must be defended from the acquisitive hand of man, whose ruthless axe would expose them to the ravages of sun and rain.
According to the passage, the primary reason for conservation of the great rain forests is that they are
Solution
The passage emphasizes that the primeval rainforest is a “reservoir of specimens, a dynamic centre of evolution which the rest of the world’s plant life has been continually enriched with new forms.” This indicates that rainforests play a crucial role in botanical evolution, making option B the most accurate answer.
The word ‘primeval’ in a paragraph two means
Solution
‘Primeval’ is often used to describe something that is ancient, primitive, or from the earliest times, and in the context of a forest, it suggests an untouched or pristine state. So, option D is the most accurate according to the context given in the passage.
The ideas of the author would probably be the most strongly supported by
Solution
The passage emphasizes the importance of conserving rain forests due to their role as areas of botanical evolution and reservoirs of diverse species. These views align closely with those of conservationists and botanists, who typically advocate for the protection and study of natural environments and their biodiversity.
Therefore,Option B is the correct answer.
According to the passage, the result of chopping down the tropical rain forest is
Solution
The passage mentions that the tall and stately primeval forest has given way to eroded land, scrub, and the jumble of secondary growth, which indicates damage to the soil. So, option C is the most accurate answer according to the passage.
‘Only their destruction may be encompassed in decades instead of centuries’ means that the destruction of forests
Solution
This statement suggests that the rate of destruction is so rapid that it could potentially wipe out the forests in a matter of decades, rather than the centuries it might have taken in the past. So, option A is the most accurate interpretation according to the passage.
In each of the following sentences four words or phrases have been underlined. One underlined part in each sentence is not acceptable in standard English. Pick up that part and mark its number.
There have been little change in the patient’s condition since he was moved to the intensive care unit
Solution
Option A is incorrect in this context because the verb “have” does not agree with the singular noun “change”.
In English, subject-verb agreement is a grammatical rule that states that the verb must agree in number with its subject. In other words, they both must be singular, or they both must be plural. You cannot have a singular subject with a plural verb or vice versa. The correct phrase should be “There has been” to match the singular noun “change”. So, the corrected sentence would be:
“There has been little change in the patient’s condition since he was moved to the intensive care unit.”
Most of the critics agree that this is one of the best novels that has appeared in recent years.
Solution
Option C is incorrect in this context because the verb “has” does not agree with the plural noun “novels”.
The issue lies in the relative clause “that has appeared”. This clause is referring back to “the best novels”. When we have a construction of “one of the + [plural noun]” followed by a relative clause, the verb in the relative clause agrees with “[plural noun]”.
In this case, “novels” is plural, so the verb in the relative clause should also be plural. Therefore, “has appeared” should be corrected to “have appeared”.
So, the correct sentence is:
“Most of the critics agree that this is one of the best novels that have appeared in recent years.”
He told the members of his staff that each one should carry out his task oneself.
Solution
Option D, “oneself”, is incorrect in this context. The pronoun “oneself” does not agree with the previous pronouns “he” and “his”.
In English, pronoun agreement is a grammatical rule that states that a pronoun must agree in number, gender, and person with its antecedent. In this case, the antecedent for “oneself” is “each one”, which is referred to with “his” earlier in the sentence. Therefore, the correct pronoun should be “himself” to match with “he” and “his”. So, the corrected sentence would be:
“He told the members of his staff that each one should carry out his task himself.”
Despite of the pills which are available, many people still have trouble sleeping
Solution
Option A, “Despite of”, is incorrect in this context. The correct phrase should be “In spite of”.
In English, “In spite of” is a preposition used to show that something happens even though something else might have prevented it. “In spite of” is used before a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun.
The phrase “Despite of” is not standard English. “Despite” is similar in meaning to “In spite of”, but it is used without “of”.
So, the corrected sentence would be:
“In spite of the pills which are available, many people still have trouble sleeping.”
This means that even though pills are available to help with sleep, many people continue to have trouble sleeping.
He lay for an hour in an unconscious state while a policeman picked him up.
Solution
In English, “while” is used to indicate that two events are happening at the same time. However, in this sentence, it’s unlikely that the person was in an unconscious state at the exact same time the policeman picked him up.
A more appropriate word could be “before” or “until”. So, the corrected sentence would be:
“He lay for an hour in an unconscious state before a policeman picked him up.”
This means that the person was unconscious for an hour, and then a policeman came to his aid.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
The weakness could ........................ if you tried hard to improve your standards.
Solution
A: This is a verb in the present tense, but in this sentence, we need the verb form that indicates the possibility of overcoming the weakness in the future, not a general statement about the present.
B: This is the past tense form of the verb "overcome." However, it doesn't fit the context because the sentence is discussing a possibility in the future, not something that already happened in the past.
C: This is the correct choice. It is the passive voice construction indicating that the weakness has the potential to be overcome in the future. The phrase "be overcome" suggests the action of overcoming taking place.
D: This is in the present perfect tense, indicating that the action of overcoming has already happened. However, the sentence is discussing the possibility of overcoming the weakness in the future, not stating that it has already been overcome.
Therefore, Option C is the correct answer.
Mr. Sharma may be late but I am sure Mr. Gupta ......................
Solution
A: This implies impossibility, but it doesn't fit with the sense of assurance conveyed in the sentence. It's possible for Mr. Gupta to be late, so "can't be" doesn't work here.
B: This is the correct choice. It expresses the idea that the speaker is confident that Mr. Gupta will not be late. It aligns with the sense of assurance in the sentence.
C: This implies a hypothetical situation or a conditional statement, neither of which fits the context. "Would be" suggests a future event based on a condition, but there's no condition provided in the sentence.
D: This is incorrect because "are" is the present tense form of the verb "to be," but the sentence requires a future tense to indicate Mr. Gupta's lateness.
Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
Although Dr. Singh had several assistants during his long investigations of Tumni Islands, the bulk of research was done by ................... alone
Solution
A: This reflexive pronoun is used when the subject and the object of the verb refer to the same person. However, in the sentence provided, "himself" doesn't fit because it's not used as the object of the verb.
B: This is a subject pronoun and doesn't fit the sentence grammatically. "The bulk of research was done by he alone" is incorrect; it should be "by him alone."
C: This is a possessive pronoun, used to show ownership. "The bulk of research was done by his alone" doesn't make sense in this context.
D: This is the correct choice. "Him" is an object pronoun, which is used as the object of the verb "done" in the sentence.
Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.
................... the timely medical attention the patient would have died
Solution
A: "In spite of" this phrase doesn't fit the context because it doesn't convey the idea that medical attention prevented the patient's death.
B: "Because of" this doesn't fit because it suggests the patient would have died because of the medical attention, which is not the intended meaning.
C: "But for." This phrase means "if it weren't for" or "without the presence of." It's used to indicate that something prevented another event from happening. In this context, "But for the timely medical attention, the patient would have died" means that if the medical attention hadn't been provided, the patient would have died. This fits perfectly with the intended meaning.
D: "Even after." This phrase implies that something happened despite a preceding event. However, this doesn't convey the idea that the patient's life was saved because of timely medical attention, but rather the opposite.
Therefore, Option C is the correct answer.
He is the only boy in school who ......................... a book whenever he gets time.
Solution
In this sentence, "reads" is the present simple form of the verb "read" and would be the best fit.
The structure of the sentence follows the pattern of subject + verb. "He" is the subject, and "reads" is the present simple form of the verb.
Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.
For the following questions answer them individually
If $$a = 0.25, b = - 0.05$$ and $$c = 0.5$$, the value of $$\frac{a^2 - b^2 - c^2 - 2bc}{a^2 + b^2 - 2ab - c^2}$$ is
Solution
We have $$\frac{a^2-b^2-c^2-2bc}{a^2+b^2-c^2-2ab}=\frac{a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2-c^2}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)}{\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)}$$
Substituting the values of a,b and c we get
$$\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)}{\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)}=\frac{0.7\times\ \left(-0.2\right)}{\left(0.35\right)\left(-0.2\right)}=2$$
A three-digit number 4a3 is added to another three-digit numbers 984 to give the four digit number 13b7, which is divisible by 11. The value of |2a - b| is
Solution
The addition of 4a3 and 984 gives 13b7.
We shall refer to the divisibility rule of 11, which states that |sum of alternate digits from unit digit-sum of rest of the digits| shall be 0 or a multiple of 11.
From the similar logic, 13b7 has 7+3 as the sum of alternate digits starting from unit digit, and 1+b as the remaining ones.
It is clear that the difference cannot touch any higher value (starting from 11) as none of the two values (3+7 or 1+b) can be greater than 10, hence it has to be 0.
(3+7)- (1+b) = 0
b=9
Now, we shall go back to the original equation: 4a3 + 984 = 1397
from this, 4a3= 413
Hence, a = 1
Substituting the values of a and b in |2a-b|, we get the final answer as 7.
Four natural numbers, when added three at a time, give the sums 180, 197 and 208 and 222. Smallest of the four numbers is
Solution
Let the four numbers be a,b,c,d. Hence a+b+c=180 a+b+d=197 a+c+d=208 and b+c+d=222
Adding all the four equations 3(a+b+c+d)= 807 or a+b+c+d= 269. To find the smallest number subtract the maximum sum i.e. 222
So b+c+d=222 and a= 269-222=47
Hence 47 is the smallest of the four numbers
On simplification of $$\left[\frac{(1.331)^{-1} + (1.331)^{-2} + ... + (1.331)^{-6}}{(1.331)^{-2} + (1.331)^{-3} + ... + (1.331)^{-7}}\right]^{\frac{1}{3}}$$
Solution
Take $$1.331^{-1}$$ common from the denominator. As a result of which the numerator and denominator effectively cancel out. Hence the fraction effectivel becomes
$$\left(\frac{1}{1.331^{-1}}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}$$
or $$\left(1.331^1\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}=1.331^{\frac{1}{3}}=1.1$$ which is the correct answer
A box has coins and beads, all of which are either silver or gold. Twenty percent of the objects in the box are beads. Forty percent of the coins in the box are silver. What percent of the objects in the box are gold coins?
Solution
Let the total number of objects in the box be "p". 0.2p objects are beads and 0.8p are coins. Out of 0.8p, 0.4(0.8p) or 0.32p coins are silver and 0.48p are gold coins.
Hence 48% of the total objects are gold coins.
A woman spends 80% of her income. With the increase in the cost of living, her expenditure increases by 37.5% and her income increases by 25%. Her present percent saving is
Solution
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Tip: It is always convenient to use fractions in place of percentages. For example, 37.5% can be written as $$\frac{3}{8}$$
As per the question, the initial expenditure was 80% of her income.
Let us assume the income as x, and her initial expenditure as $$\frac{8}{10}$$ of x. This implies that the initial saving was $$\frac{2}{10}$$x.
Now, her expenditure is increased by 37.5%, which means it becomes $$\frac{11}{10}$$x or 1.1x.
For her income, it is given that the same increased by 25%. This means that the income is now $$\frac{5}{4}$$x or 1.25x.
Subtracting her new expenditure from new income, we get the savings as 0.15x, which is 12% of 1.25x.
When one litre water is added to a mixture containing acid and water, the new mixture has 20% acid. If one litre of acid is added to the new mixture, the resulting mixture has $$33\frac{1}{3}\%$$ acid. The percentage of water in the original mixture is
Solution
Let the mixture initially has "a" litres acid and "b" liters water. Now you add 1-litre water, hence the total water is "b+1" litres.
According to question a=0.2(a+b+1) or 0.8a=0.2b +0.2 or 4a=b+1
Now one litre of acid is added to the mixture. Hence acid content is "a+1" and water content is "b+1"
Now a+1= 1/3(a+b+2) or 3a+3 = a+b+2 or 2a+1=b
Substituting above 4a= 2a+1+1 or 2a=2 or a=1 and b=3
Hence percentage of water in the original mixture is 3/(3+1) =3/4 or 75%
A merchant bought 749 pens. He sold 700 of them for the price he paid for 749 pens. He sold the remaining pens at the same price per head as the other 700. The percent gain on the entire transaction is
Solution
Let the cost price of each pen be "p". Hence total cost price of the pens is 749p. He sold 700 pens for 749p. Selling price per pen is $$\frac{749}{700}p\ or\ 1.07p$$
Now selling price of the remaining 49 pens is 1.07p(49) or 52.43p.
Hence total selling price is 749p+52.43p = 801.43p
Total profit made isc 801.43p-749p =52.43p
Profit percentage $$\frac{52.43p}{749p}\times\ 100=7\%$$
Hence net profit percentage is 7%
A shopkeeper placed on display some dresses each with a marked price. She then posted a sign “$$\frac{1}{4}$$ off on these dresses”. The cost of dresses was $$\frac{2}{3}$$ of the price at which she actually sold them. Then the ratio of the cost to the marked price was
Solution
Let the Cost Price of each dress be C and let the marked price of each dress be M.
She will be selling the dress at 1/4th off i.e at 3/4(M).
According to the question C= (2/3)(3/4)M= 1/2(M)
Hence C:M=1/2
Two candles have different lengths and different thicknesses. The shorter one would last 11 hours, the longer one would last for 7 hours. But of them are lit at the same time and burn evenly. After 3 hours both have the same length remaining. The ratio of their original lengths is
Solution
Let us assume that the first candle burns at a rate of X units per hour, and the second at Y units per hour.
Hence, the length of the shorter candle is 11X and the longer one is 7Y.
After 3 hours, the remaining lengths would be 8X and 4Y, which is to assumed as equal in value.
Hence, 8X = 4Y, which means 2X = Y
We shall substitute this in the initial expressions of length that gives us the length of shorter candle as 11X, and the longer as 14X.
Hence, the ratio of lengths is 11:14.
Two positive numbers x and y are inversely proportional. If x increases by p %, then y decreases by
Solution
Since x and y are inversely proportional to each other then xy=k
Now x becomes $$x\left(1+\frac{p}{100}\right)$$
Let's say y decreases by "m" percent. $$y\left(1-\frac{m}{100}\right)$$
Hence $$x\left(1+\frac{p}{100}\right)y\left(1-\frac{m}{100}\right)=k$$
Now xy=k which cancels "k" from RHS$$\left(1+\frac{p}{100}\right)\left(1-\frac{m}{100}\right)=1$$
$$1-\frac{m}{100}=\frac{100}{100+p}$$
$$1-\frac{100}{100+p}=\frac{m}{100\ }$$
$$\frac{100p}{100+p}=m$$
hence option 4 is the correct answer
A man closes his account in a bank by withdrawing Rs. 1,10,000. One year earlier, he had withdrawn Rs. 65,000. Two years earlier, he had withdrawn Rs. 1,25,000. How much money had he deposited at the time of opening the account 3 years ago if the annual interest rate was 10% compounded annually?
Solution
Tip- For interests that are easier to solve (such as 10%), we shall directly add the compound interest to the amount 'x', and it becomes 1.1x or 1.1*1.1x and so on.
Assuming the initial deposit to be x three years back.
After one year, it became 1.1x, from which 1,25,000 was withdrawn. Hence, the remaining amount was (1.1x - 1,25,000).
After the second year, the amount would have become (1.1x - 1,25,000)*1.1, from which 65,000 was withdrawn. Hence, the remaining amount was (1.21x- 2,02,000).
After the third year, the amount would have become (1.21x- 2,02,000)*1.1, from which 1,10,000 was withdrawn and the account was closed. Hence, the remaining amount is 0.
1.331x-3,32,200=0
x=2,50,000
In the figure, the radius of each of the two smallest circles(S) is one-fifth of the largest circle. The radius of the middle sized circle (M) is double that of the smallest circle. What fraction of the large circle is shaded?
Solution
Let us consider the radius of the biggest circle as 5r.
This makes the radius of the two smallest circles as r, and the middle sized circle as 2r.
Now, we shall calculate the total area of the bigger circle. It shall be $$\pi$$ $$(5r)^{2}$$, which is 25$$\pi$$ $$r^{2}$$. Let us say the area is 25x units.
For the two smaller circles, the total area is 2$$\pi$$ $$r^{2}$$.
And the middle sezied circle's area is $$\pi$$ $$(2r)^{2}$$, which is 4$$\pi$$ $$r^{2}$$.
Now, we shall add the area of two smallest circles with the middle sized circle and subtract it from the area of the bigger circle to find the area which is shaded.
The sum of shaded region is 6$$\pi$$ $$r^{2}$$. Let us say that the sum is 6x units.
Hence, the part of bigger circle which is not shaded becomes 19x units.
Now, the ratio of area shaded to the ratio of area of the bigger circle is 19:25.
A and B worked together on a job for 4 hours and finished half of it. A worked thrice as fast as B did. If B then left and A was joined by C and they finished the job in 1 hour, how long would it have taken C to do the whole job alone?
Solution
Let us consider B's efficiency to be x units per hour. This makes A's efficiency to be 3x units per hour. Hence, their combined efficiency is 4x units per hour.
In four hours, A and B together will complete 16x units of work, which is half of the total work. By this, the total work is 32x units.
Now, B left and C joined. A and C together completed the remaining work (which is 16x units) in 1 hour. In this, A must have done 3x units, and C would have done 13x units of work in one hour. Hence, C's efficiency is 13x units per hour.
To complete the total work, C will take $$\frac{32}{13}$$ hours.
Water flows at the rate of 10 metres per minute from a cylinderical pipe whose internal radius is 0.5 cm. How long would it take to fill a conical vessel with top radius 20 cm and depth 21 cm?
Solution
Volume of water flowing per minute $$\pi\ \left(0.5\right)\left(0.5\right)1000$$ Volume of the conical vessel $$\frac{1}{3}\pi\ \left(20\right)\left(20\right)\left(21\right)$$
Total time required $$\frac{1}{3}\pi\ \frac{\left(20\right)\left(20\right)\left(21\right)}{\pi\ \left(0.5\right)\left(0.5\right)\left(1000\right)}$$
This on solving comes out to be 11.2 minutes
Two persons working 2 hours a day assemble 2 machines in 2 days. The number of machines assembled by 6 persons working 6 hours a day in 6 days is
Solution
Two persons working 2 hours a day in 2 days assemble 2 machines.
Two persons working 2 hours a day in 6 days assemble 6 machines
Two persons working 6 hours a day in 6 days assemble 18 machines
6 persons working 6 hours a day in 6 days assemble 54 machines
A person starts walking from a point P at 2 a.m. and reaches Q at 5 a.m. on the same day. Another person starts walking from Q at 4 a.m. and reaches P at 9 a.m. on the same day. They will cross each other at
Solution
It is clear that the first person (say A) takes 3 hours to cover the distance between P and Q, while the second person (say B) takes 5 hours to cover the same distance. Hence, we can assume their speeds to be 5x kmph and 3x kmph (the speeds are in the reverse ratio of time taken when the distance travelled is same).
Hence, the distance is 15x km (speed$$\times$$time).
Now, until B did not start (4 a.m.), A would have covered 10x km in 2 hrs (from 2 a.m.). The distance left is 5x km between A and B.
Now, B will start moving and we shall use the concept of relative speed on the remaining 5x km. Since A and B are moving towards each other, their speed will be added. Hence, the resultant speed is 8x kmph.
They will meet at t= 5x/8x, which is 5/8 hours. This is 37 minutes and 30 seconds, which will be counted from when B started (4 a.m.). Hence, they will meet at 4:37:30 a.m.
A car travels for m hours at the rate of w km/hour and then for k hours at the rate of h km/hour. The average rate for the distance covered is
Solution
$$average\ speed\ =\frac{Total\ dis\tan ce\ travelled}{Total\ time\ taken}=\frac{mw+hk}{h+k}$$
A travelled a total distance of 3990 km. He travelled part of the distance by air, part by water and the rest by land. The time he spent on them was in the ratio 1 : 16 : 2 respectively. The average speed of each mode of travel was in the ratio 20 : 1 : 3 respectively. If A’s overall average speed was 42 km/h, the distance covered by air is
Solution
Assume the time spent on each commutation mode is t, 16t, and 2t.
Similarly, the average speed of each of the commutation modes is 20s, s, and 3s.
Now, the distance travelled on each of the commutation modes is 20st, 16st, and 6st. The sum is 42st, which shall be equal to 3990 km.
Hence, st= $$\frac{3990}{42}$$, which is 95.
We are given that the overall average speed is 42 kmph. Average speed is the ratio of total distance (3990 km) and total time (19t).
So, 42= $$\frac{3990}{19t}$$, which means t= 5. Hence, from the value of 'st' (95), we can say that s=19.
The distance by air is 20st, which is 20$$\times$$19$$\times$$5, which is 1900 km.
The compound interest on a certain sum of money for 2 years at 5% per annum is Rs. 102.50. Compound interest on the same sum for the same period at 4% per annum is
Solution
According to the equation we can say that $$P\left(1+\frac{r}{100}\right)^2-P=102.50$$
Now r=5% So $$P\left(1.05\right)^2-P=102.50$$ or P(0.1025)=102.50 or P=1000
So new interest will be $$1000\left(1.04\right)^2-1000=81.6$$
A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle and a square is inscribed in the circle. The ratio of the area of the triangle to the area of the square is
Solution
It is clear from the question that the centers of all three figures coincide.
Let x be the length side of the equilateral triangle, hence the area (A) is ($$\sqrt{\ 3}$$/4)$$x^2$$
From this, the radius of the inscribed circle is= ($$\sqrt{\ 3}$$/2)x * (1/3) = x/2$$\sqrt{\ 3}$$
So, the diameter is x/$$\sqrt{\ 3}$$
Now, the diameter of the circle coincides with the diagonal of the square.
Hence, assuming the sides of square to be y, we have y$$\sqrt{\ 2}$$= x/$$\sqrt{\ 3}$$
y= x/$$\sqrt{\ 6}$$
From this, the area of square (B) is $$y^2$$, which is $$x^2$$/6
Now, the ratio of A and B is = $$3\sqrt{\ 3}$$/2
The surface of the water in a swimming pool is a rectangle 26 m long and 10 m wide and the depth of water increases uniformly from 1.6 m at one end to 4.4 m at the other end. Volume (in m$$^3$$ ) of the water in the pool is
Solution
The given shape will essentially have one cuboid with dimensions 26*10*1.6 and a right-angle triangular shape with a height of 26 m, a base of 10 m, and a width of 2.8 m.
Now, the volume of the cuboid is 26*10*1.6 $$m^3$$, which is 416$$m^3$$.
The volume of the triangular shape is (Area)*(width), which is 1/2*26*10*2.8= 364$$m^3$$.
Adding the two, we get a total volume of 780$$m^3$$.
In the figure, there are two rectangles each of dimension 8 cm × 12 cm. Length of CE = 7 cm. What is the area (in cm2 ) of the shaded region?
Solution
Let's name the vertices for better understanding.
Since we are given that EC is 7 cm and CD is 8 cm, the length DE would be 1 cm.
Joining E and A, we would get two right angles triangles, ADE and AEG
DE is 1 cm, and AD is 12 cm, this would give the length of side AE to be $$\sqrt{\ 145}$$ cm
Further, AE is $$\sqrt{\ 145}$$ cm and AG is 8 cm, giving the length of GE to be 9 cm using the Pythagorean theorem.
In order to find the area of the shaded region, we need to find the area of the rectangle ABCD and subtract the area of triangles ADE and AGE
Area of ABCD - Aread of ADE - Area of AGE
= $$\left(8\times\ 12\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}\times\ 12\times\ 1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}\times\ 8\times\ 9\right)$$
= $$96-6-36$$
=54
Therefore, Option C is the correct answer.
A rectangular box is inscribed in a sphere of radius r cm. Surface area of the box is 384 cm$$^2$$ and the sum of lengths of its 12 edges is 112 cm. The value of r is
Solution
Let l,b,h be the dimensions of the rectangular box.
Sum of 12 edges is 112cm, which means 112 = 4l+4B+4h
Hence, l+b+h= 28
Now, the surface area of the box:
384= 2lb+2bh+2lh
This means, lb+bh+lh= 192
Also: due to the rectangular box being inscribed in the sphere, the diagonal of the box will be same as the diameter of the sphere.
Hence, $$\ \ \sqrt{\ l^2+b^2+h^2}$$=$$\ \sqrt{\ (l+b+h)^2-2\left(lh+bh+lh\right)}$$= 2r
2r= 20
r=10 cm
The following table gives demand and supply of steel for the years 2003 to 2008. Surplus is defined as ‘Supply - Demand’. Read the table and answer the questions.
Surplus of steel is highest for the year
Solution
Surplus for the years are:
2003: 4.1 million tons
2004: 9.3 million tons
2005: 9.4 million tons
2006: 1.7 million tons
2007: -25.8 million tons
2008: -2.5 million tons
Hence, it is clear that the surplus is highest in 2005.
Average supply of steel (in million tons) from 2003 to 2008 is
Solution
The average supply of steel from 2003 to 2008= (49.2$$\ +\ $$52.8$$\ +\ $$50.1$$\ +\ $$31.9$$\ +\ $$30.8$$\ +\ $$60)$$\div$$6, which is equal to 45.8.
Percentage increase in demand of steel, as compared to previous year, was highest in the year
Solution
From simple observation, we can see that in 2007, the demand of steel went up from 30.2 to 56.6, which is way greater than the previous year. Apart from 2007, the only year where the demand increased was 2008, but the percentage increase is lesser than the what we saw in the previous year.
Percentage increase in supply of steel from 2003 to 2008 was
Solution
Percentage increase in supply of steel from 2003 to 2008 was $$\frac{60-49.2}{49.2}\times\ \times\ 100\approx\ 21.95\%$$.
For the years 2003 to 2006 increase in surplus as compared to preceding year is highest in
Solution
Surplus = Supply - Demand
2003 surplus = 49.2-45.1= 4.1
2004 surplus = 52.8 - 43.5 = 9.3, Hence, the increase = 9.3-4.1 = 5.2
2005 surplus = 50.1 - 40.7 = 9.4, Hence, the increase = 9.4-9.3 = 0.1
2006 surplus = 31.9 - 30.2 = 1.7, increase = 1.7-9.4 = - 7.7
Hence, it is highest in 2004.
The graph below shows total profit, labour cost and profit (in crore Rs.) of four different companies P, Q, R and S. Total cost is defined as the sum of labour cost and raw material cost. Read the graph and answer the questions.
The company which has the highest raw material cost is
Solution
By observing the graphs and remembering that the total cost is a sum of labour cost and raw material cost, we can see that S had the highest raw material cost (total cost-labour cost), which is 40 cr.
The company with the highest profit per rupee of sales is
Solution
For the total sales, we shall add the profit to the total cost incurred.
Hence, total sales for P,Q,R, and S respectively are 30, 35, 45, 85.
Now, profit per rupee of sales for each of the companies P, Q, R, and S respectively is 5/30, 10/35, 20/45, 10/85
Clearly, profit per rupee of sales is highest in R.
The company with the lowest raw material cost per rupee of the total cost is
Solution
The raw material cost for each of the companies P,Q,R and S respectively is 15, 15, 15, 40.
Hence, the lowest raw material cost per rupee of total cost is clearly lowest in S, which is 40/75. For the other companies, it is 15/25.
Sales of company S is equal to the sales of companies
Solution
Sales of any company = Total Cost + Profits.
Sale for Company P = 25+5 = 30,
for Company Q = 25+10 = 35,
for Company R = 25+20 = 45 and,
for Company S = 75+10 = 80.
So, the Sales of Company S = Sum of Sales of Companies Q and R.
The company with the highest profit as percentage of total cost is
Solution
For P, the profit/total cost is 5/20
For Q, the profit/total cost is 10/25
For R, the profit/total cost is 20/25
For S, the profit/total cost is 10/75
This ratio is clearly highest for R.
For the following questions answer them individually
For integers a, b and c, define
Solution
We have $$1^{-1}-\left(-1^2\right)-2=1-1-2=-2$$
Hence -2 is the answer
The expression $$\frac{2(\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{6})}{3\sqrt{2 + \sqrt{3}}}$$ is equal to
Solution
$$\frac{2(\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{6})}{3\sqrt{2 + \sqrt{3}}}$$
Let's rationalize the denominator.
$$\frac{2(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6})}{3\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}$$
$$\frac{2(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6})}{3\sqrt{1}}\cdot\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}=\frac{2}{3}\left(\sqrt{\ 2}+\sqrt{\ 6}\right)\cdot\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}$$
Let's assume that the whole as t.
Now $$t^2$$ = $$\frac{4}{9}\left(\sqrt{\ 2}+\sqrt{\ 6}\right)^2\cdot2-\sqrt{3}$$
$$\frac{4}{9}\left(2+6+2\sqrt{\ 12}\right)\cdot\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)=\frac{4}{9}\left(8+4\sqrt{\ 3}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{\ 3}\right)=\frac{16}{9}\left(2+\sqrt{\ 3}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{\ 3}\right)=\frac{16}{9}$$
$$t^2$$=$$\frac{16}{9}$$
t=4/3.
The value of $$\frac{(1 + 17)\left(1 + \frac{17}{2}\right)\left(1 + \frac{17}{3}\right)...\left(1 + \frac{17}{19}\right)}{(1 + 19)\left(1 + \frac{19}{2}\right)\left(1 + \frac{19}{3}\right)...\left(1 + \frac{19}{17}\right)}$$ is
Solution
To solve this, we shall first simplify each bracket in the expression.
Hence, the numerator becomes (18*19*20*21....36)/(1*2*3*4.....19)
Similarly, the denominator becomes (20*21*22*23.....36)/(1*2*3*4......17)
Now, on dividing the numerator by the denominator, we get the answer as 1.
The number of non zero digits in $$(101010101)^2$$ is
Solution
Let's check this for smaller number $$(101)^2$$=10201
$$(10101)^2$$=102030201
$$(1010101)^2$$=1020304030201
The similar pattern follows for $$(101010101)^2$$. And the value will be 10203040504030201. So, there are 9 non-zero digits.
The greatest natural number that will divide 13511, 13903, and 14589 and leave the same remainder is
Solution
The greatest natural number that will divide 13511,13903,14589 and leave the same remainder is the HCF of (13903-13511),(14589-13903),(14589-13511) or the HCF of (392,686,1078). This comes out to be 98. Hence the answer is 98
A and B start their new jobs on the same day. A’s schedule is 3 working days followed by 1 rest day, while B’s schedule is 7 working days followed by 3 rest days. On how many of their first 1000 days do both have rest-days on the same day?
Solution
This is a question which requires you to observe the pattern.
For A, there are three working days and one rest day. Hence, A has a rest day on every fourth day (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24......1000).
For B, there are seven working days and three rest days after that. Hence, B has three rest days in the span of ten days (8/9/10, 18/19/20, 28/29/30, 38/39/40, 48/49/50..... 998/999/1000).
From the pattern, it is clearly visible that A and B will have exactly one common day in every three-day rest period of B. This means, there will be 100 common days of rest for both A and B in the first 1000 days.
In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses ofaction numbered I and II. A course of action is a step of administrative decision to be taken for improvement,follow-up or further action in regard to the problems, policy, etc. on the basis of the information given in the statement. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then decide given in the statement. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then decide with of the given suggested courses of action logically follows for pursuing
Statement :
The government could consider the possibility of increasing the software budget from the current Rs. 20 crore to Rs.100 crore in the next Plan provided there are concrete suggestions for the utilisation of the funds.
Course of action:
I. The Government should consult the trade unions in this regard.
II. Software companies should submit detailed proposals to the Government
Solution
In this question, the basic premise is the possibility of increasing the software budget based on concrete suggestions/plans as to how the increased budget would be used. Hence, the course of action in this scenario shall be related to the possibility of having concrete suggestions, which is exactly what the second statement provides for. The first statement regarding the trade unions is not apt in this context, because consulting them would not contribute to the possibility of having a concrete plan.
Therefore, only the second course of action is correct.
Statement :
The Government will slap legally enforceable penalities on coal companies defaulting on quality and quantity of coal supplies to bulk consumers, especially to the thermal power stations.
Courses of Action :
I. The requirement of coal for thermal power stations should be assessed realistically.
II. The coal companies should introduce welfare measures for their employees.
Solution
In this question, the basic premise relates to the penalty on coal companies for compromising the quality or quantity of coal supplies.
Statement 1 is irrelevant to the premise as the discussion revolves around the coal companies defaulting on the coal supplies and not with respect to the requirement of thermal power plants.
Statement 2 is again irrelevant to the basic premise since the discussion on welfare schemes for employees would have no bearing on the companies defaulting on quality or quantity of coal supplies.
Statement:
One of the problems facing the food processing industry is the irregular supply of raw material. The producers of raw material are not getting a reasonable price.
Course of Action :
I. The government should regulate the supply of raw material to other industries also.
II. The government should announce an attractive package to ensure regular supply of raw material for food processing industry
Solution
The current premise requires a course of action that shall resolve the issue of irregular supply of raw materials to the food processing industry, which happens mainly because the producers are not able to secure a reasonable price for their raw material.
Statement 1 is irrelevant because the discussion about regulating the supply of raw materials to other industries will not solve the issue for the food processing industry.
Statement 2 is relevant for the discussion because it offers a potential solution to attract a regular supply of raw materials by giving attractive incentives.
Statement :
The Secretary lamented that the electronic media was losing its credibility and that it should try to regain to by establishing better communications with the listeners and the viewers. He also emphasised the need for training to improve the functioning.
Course of Action :
I. Efforts should be made to get organised feedback on the programmes.
II. The critical areas in which the staff requires training should be identified.
Solution
The basic premise deals with improving the credibility of electronic media by taking actionable steps and improving its functioning as well.
Statement 1 is a valid course of action since taking feedback shall result in having a clearer picture of the scenario and help the team take correct measures.
Statement 2 is also a valid course of action since identifying the critical areas of training shall assist the team in having a proper training program to improve the functioning as identified by the secretary.
Statement :
Doordarshan is concerned about the quality of its programmes particularly in view of stiff competition it is facing from Star and other satellite TV channels and is contemplating various measures to attract talent for its programmes.
Course of Action :
I. In an effort to attract talent, the Doordarshan has decided to review its fee structure for the artists.
II. The fee structure should not be revised until other electronics media also revise it
Solution
The basic premise is related to having solutions in hand that will allow Doordarshan to attract better talent for its programmes.
Statement 1 is a valid course of action since a revised pay structure would attract better talent as Doordarshan's pay structure will be better when compared to its competitors.
Statement 2 is invalid, since this will not let Doordarshan to stand out among the competitors.
Read the following information and answer the questions given below.
(i) There are seven teachers A, B, C, D, E, F and G in college. Each one of them teaches a different subject.
(ii) There are three female and four male teachers and out of these, there are two pairs of couples.
(iii) C who teaches Social Sciences is married to the teachers who teaches Chemistry.
(iv) E and G are lady teachers who teaches Zoology and Physics respectively.
(v) A teaches Maths. and has wife does not teach Physics.
(vi) B does not teach Chemistry or Commerce.
(vii) F and D are male teachers. F is unmarried.
Which subject does F teach?
Solution
The information shall be represented as Name (Subject, Married/Unmarried, Gender)
From the given information, we can form the following conclusions:
1. C (Social Science, Married, _) and _(Chemistry, Married, _) are married to each other. The unknown person cannot be E or G.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and _(_, Married, Female) are married to each other. A cannot be the husband of C because he shall teach Maths, and not Chemistry. Also, A's wife cannot be G because his wife shall not teach Physics. Hence, G shall be unmarried.
3. E (Zoology, _, Female) and G (Physics, Unmarried, Physics) as per the given data.
Here, C's partner cannot be B either because he/she cannot teach chemistry while C's partner does. Further, F is unmarried. This leaves us with only one option for C's partner (Chemistry), which is D.
Therefore, C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other. The other couple has to be A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) because there are only three females, E, G, and C, out of which G is unmarried and C is married to D.
As of now, we have the following data:
1. C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) are married to each other.
3. G (Physics, Unmarried, Female)
Now, F (_, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). Now, B cannot teach Chemistry or Commerce. Hence, F shall definitely teach commerce.
Hence, the final point shall be: F (Commerce, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male).
Which subject does B tech ?
Solution
The information shall be represented as Name (Subject, Married/Unmarried, Gender)
From the given information, we can form the following conclusions:
1. C (Social Science, Married, _) and _(Chemistry, Married, _) are married to each other. The unknown person cannot be E or G.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and _(_, Married, Female) are married to each other. A cannot be the husband of C because he shall teach Maths, and not Chemistry. Also, A's wife cannot be G because his wife shall not teach Physics. Hence, G shall be unmarried.
3. E (Zoology, _, Female) and G (Physics, Unmarried, Physics) as per the given data.
Here, C's partner cannot be B either because he/she cannot teach chemistry while C's partner does. Further, F is unmarried. This leaves us with only one option for C's partner (Chemistry), which is D.
Therefore, C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other. The other couple has to be A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) because there are only three females, E, G, and C, out of which G is unmarried and C is married to D.
As of now, we have the following data:
1. C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) are married to each other.
3. G (Physics, Unmarried, Female)
Now, F (_, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). Now, B cannot teach Chemistry or Commerce. Hence, F shall definitely teach commerce.
Hence, the final point shall be: F (Commerce, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). We cannot point out the subject taught by B because there is no data about it.
Which of the following are two pairs of couples?
Solution
The information shall be represented as Name (Subject, Married/Unmarried, Gender)
From the given information, we can form the following conclusions:
1. C (Social Science, Married, _) and _(Chemistry, Married, _) are married to each other. The unknown person cannot be E or G.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and _(_, Married, Female) are married to each other. A cannot be the husband of C because he shall teach Maths, and not Chemistry. Also, A's wife cannot be G because his wife shall not teach Physics. Hence, G shall be unmarried.
3. E (Zoology, _, Female) and G (Physics, Unmarried, Physics) as per the given data.
Here, C's partner cannot be B either because he/she cannot teach chemistry while C's partner does. Further, F is unmarried. This leaves us with only one option for C's partner (Chemistry), which is D.
Therefore, C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other. The other couple has to be A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) because there are only three females, E, G, and C, out of which G is unmarried and C is married to D.
As of now, we have the following data:
1. C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) are married to each other.
3. G (Physics, Unmarried, Female)
Now, F (_, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). Now, B cannot teach Chemistry or Commerce. Hence, F shall definitely teach commerce.
Hence, the final point shall be: F (Commerce, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). We cannot point out the subject taught by B because there is no data about it.
The two couples are: DC, and AE.
Which subject does A’s wife teach?
Solution
The information shall be represented as Name (Subject, Married/Unmarried, Gender)
From the given information, we can form the following conclusions:
1. C (Social Science, Married, _) and _(Chemistry, Married, _) are married to each other. The unknown person cannot be E or G.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and _(_, Married, Female) are married to each other. A cannot be the husband of C because he shall teach Maths, and not Chemistry. Also, A's wife cannot be G because his wife shall not teach Physics. Hence, G shall be unmarried.
3. E (Zoology, _, Female) and G (Physics, Unmarried, Physics) as per the given data.
Here, C's partner cannot be B either because he/she cannot teach chemistry while C's partner does. Further, F is unmarried. This leaves us with only one option for C's partner (Chemistry), which is D.
Therefore, C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other. The other couple has to be A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) because there are only three females, E, G, and C, out of which G is unmarried and C is married to D.
As of now, we have the following data:
1. C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) are married to each other.
3. G (Physics, Unmarried, Female)
Now, F (_, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). Now, B cannot teach Chemistry or Commerce. Hence, F shall definitely teach commerce.
Hence, the final point shall be: F (Commerce, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). We cannot point out the subject taught by B because there is no data about it.
A's wife (E) teaches zoology.
Who among the following are the males among the two couples?
Solution
The information shall be represented as Name (Subject, Married/Unmarried, Gender)
From the given information, we can form the following conclusions:
1. C (Social Science, Married, _) and _(Chemistry, Married, _) are married to each other. The unknown person cannot be E or G.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and _(_, Married, Female) are married to each other. A cannot be the husband of C because he shall teach Maths, and not Chemistry. Also, A's wife cannot be G because his wife shall not teach Physics. Hence, G shall be unmarried.
3. E (Zoology, _, Female) and G (Physics, Unmarried, Physics) as per the given data.
Here, C's partner cannot be B either because he/she cannot teach chemistry while C's partner does. Further, F is unmarried. This leaves us with only one option for C's partner (Chemistry), which is D.
Therefore, C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other. The other couple has to be A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) because there are only three females, E, G, and C, out of which G is unmarried and C is married to D.
As of now, we have the following data:
1. C (Social Science, Married, Female) and D(Chemistry, Married, Male) are married to each other.
2. A (Maths, Married, Male) and E(Zoology, Married, Female) are married to each other.
3. G (Physics, Unmarried, Female)
Now, F (_, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). Now, B cannot teach Chemistry or Commerce. Hence, F shall definitely teach commerce.
Hence, the final point shall be: F (Commerce, Unmarried, Male) and B (_, Unmarried, Male). We cannot point out the subject taught by B because there is no data about it.
A and D are the two males who are married.
In each question below are given two statements followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to take the two given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follow from the two given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements :
1. All soaps are oils.
2. All oils are bottles.
Conclusions :
I. Some bottles are soaps.
II. All oils are soaps.
III. All soaps are bottles.
IV. All bottles are oils
Solution
The possible valid conclusions for 'All soaps are oils' can be: 'All soaps are oils, and vice versa', 'All soaps are oils, and not vice versa'.
The possible valid conclusions for 'All oils are bottles' can be: 'All oils are bottles, and vice versa', 'All oils are bottles, and not vice versa'.
Now, the aim shall be to try and negate each option, and see if any option will hold true in each case (formed by combining any of the two cases).
1) This is a valid conclusion as it will hold true in any of the cases.
2) This is an invalid conclusion, which can be negated by the case 'All soaps are oils, and not vice versa'.
3) This is a valid conclusion as either all the three elements will coincide (soap, oil, bottle), or soap will be the smallest concentric circle out of the three.
4) This is an invalid conclusion, which can be negated by the case 'All oils are bottles, and not vice versa'.
Statements:
1. Some glasses are kettles.
2. All kettles are jugs.
Conclusions :
I. Some jugs are glasses.
II. All kettles are kettles.
III. No jug is a glass.
IV. Some kettles are not glasses.
Solution
The possible valid conclusions for 'Some glasses are kettles' can be: 'Some glasses are kettles, and some kettles are glasses', 'All glasses are kettles, and vice versa', and 'All kettles are glasses, but not vice versa'.
The possible valid conclusions for 'All kettles are jugs' can be: 'All kettles are jugs, and vice versa', and 'All kettles are jugs, but not vice versa'.
On examining the options, only the first option would hold true irrespective of whichever two statements we combine. In order to arrive at the correct answer, we shall try negating each option by finding a case that invalidates the conclusion. If we find a conclusion that holds true in every possible combination, it happens to be a va;id one. For example, the third conclusion gets invalidated when we combine 'All glasses are kettles, and vice versa', and 'All kettles are jugs, and vice versa'.
Statements :
1. Some dogs are cats.
2. Some tigers are cats.
Conclusions :
I. Every cat is either a dog or a tiger.
II. Some dogs are tigers.
III. No tiger is a dog.
IV. Some cats are dogs as well as tigers
Solution
Following are the possible conclusions of 'Some dogs are cats': 'Some dogs are cats, and vice versa', 'All dogs are cats, and vice versa', 'All dogs are cats, and not vice versa'.
Following are the possible conclusions of 'Some tigers are cats': 'Some tigers are cats, and vice versa', 'All tigers are cats, and vice versa', 'All tigers are cats, and not vice versa'.
We shall now eliminate each of the options which is not a universal conclusion based on the given premises. The conclusions which will hold true everytime will be our answer.
1. Every cat is either a dog or a tiger.: There is nothing that states that each of the cats falls definitely within one of the sets (dog or tiger). Hence, an invalid conclusion as not universal in nature.
2 and 3: Some dogs are tigers and No tiger is a dog: These two shall be the only possible cases, and hence one of them shall be true everytime.
4. Some cats are dogs as well as tigers: We are not sure whether there are cats who fall in the intersection of dogs and tigers. Hence, an invalid conclusion.
Statements:
1. All books are magazines.
2. All newspapers are magazines.
Conclusions :
I. Some magazines are books.
II. Some magazines are newspapers.
III. Every magazine is either book or newspaper.
IV. All magazines are book as well as newspapers
Solution
Possible valid conclusions from 'All books are magazines' are: 'All books are magazines, and vice versa', 'All books are magazines, but not vice versa'.
Possible valid conclusions from 'All newspapers are magazines' are: 'All newspapers are magazines, and vice versa', 'All newspapers are magazines, but not vice versa'.
The aim now is to eliminate options by finding a combination of possible conclusions that invalidate the said option.
1) This is true in each of the cases laid down in 'All books are magazines'.
2) The same logic used for the first option, and hence a valid conclusion.
3) This may not be the case, as there is no statement to indicate that each of the elements in 'magazine' has been covered by either a book or newspaper. What if magazine is a way bigger set and 'books/newspaper' form very small sets of the same?
4) Again, it is possible that magazine is a way bigger set and 'books/newspaper' form very small sets of the same. Hence, an invalid conclusion.
Statements:
1. Some pistols are guns.
2. Some pistols are swords
Conclusions :
I. Some guns are swords.
II. No sword is a gun.
III. Every pistol is either gun or sword.
IV. Some pistols are neither gun nor sword
Solution
Following are the possible conclusion of 'Some pistols are guns': 'Some pistols are guns, and vice versa', 'All pistols are guns, and vice versa', 'All pistols are guns, and not vice versa'.
Following are the possible conclusions of 'Some pistols are swords': 'Some pistols are swords, and vice versa', 'All pistols are swords, and vice versa', 'All pistols are swords, and not vice versa'.
We shall try to find a scenario when the options won't hold true, and if there is an option which is always true, that is a valid conclusion.
1. Some guns are swords: This can be a valid conclusion in case where there is an intersection between guns and swords.
2. No gun is a sword: This can be a valid conclusion where there is no intersection between the two sets.
However, we shall note that the two conclusions discussed above cannot happen simultaneously but one of them will definitely occur.
3. Every pistol is either gun or sword: This can be negated as there is nothing to state that each of the pistol definitely comes under one other set.
4. Some pistols are neither gun nor sword: This can be negated as there is nothing to state that there are pistols that fall out of the range of the other two sets. There can be an instance when every pistol is either gun or sword.
In the following questions, the symbols ⊕ , ©, =, @ and @ are used with the following meanings:
P ⊕ Q means P is greater than Q
P © Q means P is either greater than or equal to Q.
P = Q means P is equal to Q.
P @ Q means P is smaller than Q.
P @ Q means P is either smaller than or equal to Q.
For each set of questions you have to assume given statements to be true and then decide which of the two given conclusions is/are definitely true. Giver answer:
Statements : N @ W, L ⊕ N, K = L, W = D
Conclusions :
I. L = W
II. D ⊕ N
Solution
Interpreting the statements, we get: N<W, L>N, K=L, W=D
To check 1, we have: N<W and L>N. From this, we cannot conclude that L=W as we cannot derive anything from the magnitude sign.
To check 2, we have: N<W and W=D. On combining these two, we can say that D>N, as N is less that W, which in turn is equal to D. Hence, a valid conclusion.
Statements : L © A, S @ E, A = S, G ⊕ L
Conclusions :
I. A @ E
II. G ⊕ A
Solution
The following are the expressions: L>A or L=A, S<E, A=S, G>L
To test each of the conclusions:
1. A<E: Since A=S and S<E, it is clear that A<E.
2. G>A: Since G>L, and L>A or L=A, it is clear that G>A.
Statements : M = 1, A ⊕ M, T @ I, T = K
Conclusions :
I. M = K
II. K @ M
Solution
Following are the interpretations: M=I, A>M, T<I or T=I, T=K
To test each of the conclusions:
1. M=K: Since M=I, T<I or T=I, and T=K, we cannot be sure whether T<I or T=I. THis will only hold true when T=I.
2. K<M: This will only hold true when T<I.
Hence, either of these shall be true.
Statements : I @ R, D @ I, E = C, R, ⊕ E
Conclusions :
I. R ⊕ C
II. I = R
Solution
Following are the interpretations: I<R or I=R, D<I, E=C, and R>E.
1. R>C: Since R>E and E=C, it is clear that R>C.
2. I=R: We cannot be sure of this relation.
Statements : U ⊕ N, S © Q, N @ D, O = U
Conclusions :
I. N @ S
II. U = D
Solution
Following are the interpretations: U>N, S>Q or S=Q, N<D, and Q=U
1. N<S: Since Q=U, Q>N. Now, S has to be greater than or equal to Q. Hence, N<S.
2. U=D: Since U>N, and N<D, we cannot be sure about the relation between U and D.
In each of the following questions, a group of three interrelated words is given. Choose a word from the given alternatives that belongs to the same group
Liver : Heart : Kidney
Solution
The three words mentioned in the question are essentially the body organs. Hence, the only option which is a functional organ for a body is lung.
Count : List : Weigh
Solution
One would list the entities to count them further. Similarly, one would weigh the entities to measure them against each other.
Flood : Fire : Cyclone
Solution
The three words mentioned in the question are essentially types of natural disasters, and hence the only other such word in the options is Earthquake.
Emancipate : Free : Release
Solution
All the three words in the question are synonyms of 'releasing' someone. Hence, Liberate is the other word that is again a synonym of releasing someone.
Jute : Cotton : Wool
Solution
All the given fibers are natural fibres => Silk is a natural fiber as it is obtained from Silk worms.
Find out the missing terms of the series:
5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, (.....)
Solution
There are two series: First is 5,7,10,14... and the Second is 6,8,11....
For the first series: 5+2, 7+3, 10+4
For the second series: 6+2, 8+3, 11+4, and so on.
The next term has to be 11+4, which is 15.
4, 6, 13, 13, (.....), 28, 121, 59
Solution
We will break the series in 2 parts,
Odd positions: 4, 13, ?, 121
Even positions: 6, 13, 28, 59
For even positions, 6*2 + 1 = 13 --> 13*2 + 2 = 28 --> 28*2 + 3 = 59 and so on.
For odd positions, using a similar logic, 4*3 + 1 = 13 --> 13*3 + 1 = 40 --> 40*3 + 1 = 121.
So, the missing term is 40.
5, 6, 9, 15, (.....), 40
Solution
The pattern is: + 1, + (1 + 2), + (1 + 2 + 3), and so on.
Hence, the term is: 15+ (1+2+3+4), which is 25.
2, 26, (.....), 124, 214, 342
1, 5, 9, 17, (.....), 37, 49
Solution
The pattern is:
$$\ 1^2$$, $$\ 2^2+1$$, $$\ 3^2$$, $$\ 4^2+1$$, $$\ 5^2$$, and so on. Hence, the missing number shall be 25.
Given below are five diagrams one of which describes the relationship among the three classes given in each of the five questions that follow. You have to decide which of the diagrams is most suitable for a particular set of classes. The number of the diagram is your answer.
Doctors, Literate persons, Hospitals
Solution
Doctors can be termed as literate people, hence the former is a sub set of the latter. Also, hospitals can be put in different space altogether in this question, considering there is no relation between literate person and hospitals.
Lawyers, Professors, Doctors
Solution
Lawyers, Professors, and Doctors: all of these are different kinds of professions that have no commonality between them. Hence, they are different sets.
Wheat, Flour, Bread
Solution
Flour is made out of wheat, and bread is made using flour. Hence, option A describes this relation in the best manner, as one item is made out of other.
Wheat, Farm, Farmer
Solution
None of the options can describe a relationship between farm, farmers, and wheat. This is because none of them is a subset of the other entity.
Sun, Planets, Earth
Solution
Earth is a planet, while the Sun is not. Hence, C describes the relation in the best manner.
In each question below is given a statement followed by three assumptions numbered I, II and III. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Then decide which of the answers is correct.
Statement:
“Mr. Mehta is accused of tampering with secret documents but if he denies the charges by swearing on Geeta, we shall withdraw the charges,” officers of a branch office tell the General Manager.
Assumptions:
I It is in the hands of the officers to withdraw charges.
II. Mr. Mehta is believed to be a very religious person.
III. The General Manager will agree to the proposal
Solution
The statement has two basic premises: a) Mr. Mehta is being accused of tampering with documents, and b) The officers are thinking about withdrawing the charges if Mr. Mehta swears on Geeta.
Now, we shall check each assumption by negation test (If the assumption is negated and, as a result, the statement stands invalid, it is a valid assumption).
Assumption 1: Had it not been in the hands of the officers to withdraw the charges, they would not have spoken about the possibility of withdrawing the charges if Mr. Mehta had sworn on Geeta. Hence, this is a valid assumption.
Assumption 2: On negating the assumption that 'Mr. Mehta is a religious person', so there is no effect on the main statement since even then, the sanctity of Geeta stands intact. Hence, this is not a valid assumption.
Assumption 3: On negating the assumption that "General Manager will agree to the proposal', nothing would be done to the main statement as the officers have stated their plan of action, and there is no utility of pondering over the reaction of the General Manager.
Statement:
“We would go ahead with the polling process in the State X only when we are fully satisfied with the law and order situation of the State”, says the Chief Election Commissioner.
Assumptions :
I. The Chief Election Commissioner is not satisfied with the present situation.
II. It is in the hands of the Chief Election Commissioner to decide the dates for polling.
III. No political party would mind the delay in elections
Solution
We need to negate the assumption in these questions and see if it invalidates the main statement.
Assumption 1: We are not sure (from the main statement) that the Commissioner is not satisfied with the present situation. It can be the case that they are merely talking about the factors that must be considered before proceeding to the elections. Hence on negating the assumption, there will be no effect on the main statement. This means that the assumption is not a valid one.
Assumption 2: Had it not been in the hands of the Commissioner to decide upon the dates of the election, the main statement would not be there in the first place. Hence, the assumption is a valid one.
Assumption 3: On negating the assumption, there will be no effect on the main contention of having proper law and order for elections. Hence, the assumption is invalid.
Statement:
All literacy campaigns are focussing special attention on educating women.
Assumptions:
I. Men have already been educated.
II. If women are educated, the coming generations automatically get enlightened.
III. Literacy rate among women is lower than among men
Solution
The main statement merely talks about the campaigns having a special focus on women. Nowhere does it indicate anything about 'why' behind such a special focus. Hence, we cannot conclude as to if it is related to enlightening future generations, or whether this is done because of any comparison between men and women. Hence, all the assumptions are invalid.
Statement:
“Mobile dispensaries would be deployed in those areas of Uttarakhand where there are no hospitals”, a report.
Assumptions:
I. There are some hospitals in Uttarakhand.
II. It is not possible to have hospitals in all areas of Uttarakhand.
III. The climate of the place is very healthy hence most of the people in Uttarakhand remain healthy
Solution
The main statement talks about deploying mobile dispensaries in areas with no hospitals.
Assumption 1: Because we are talking about deploying mobile dispensaries in areas with no hospitals, it is implicit that there are at least certain areas that have hospitals. Hence, this is a valid assumption.
Assumption 2: The main statement talks about deploying mobile dispensaries, and it does not say anything about the possibility of having hospitals in certain areas. It might be the fact that having hospitals is possible, and mobile dispensaries are temporary solutions.
Assumption 3: The statement does not talk about anything related to climate, hence it is an invalid assumption.
Statement:
Most of the private schools interview parents before allowing admission to a child in their school.
Assumptions:
I. The school authorities want to know whether the parents are financially sound.
II. Schools run some courses for parents as well.
III. Only smart parents have smart children
Solution
The main statement talks about schools interviewing parents for the admission of children.
Assumption 1: Other factors can also be tested in the interview apart from being financially sound. Hence, this is an invalid assumption.
Assumption 2: Just because there is an interview for parents, that doesn't imply that there are also courses for them. Hence, an invalid assumption.
Assumption 3: The main statement does not talk about 'smartness', and hence, an invalid assumption.
For the following questions answer them individually
Name the sport/games in which the term ‘Cue’ is generally used
The State of Jhansi was made part of the British Empire in India through
Which one of the following countries is not a part of Horn of Africa?
As a tribute to Akbar’s organising ability much remains even today of his
The Mcmohan Line marks the boundary between
National Highway No. 3 runs from
Which State is the largest store-house of minerals?
Which State grows nearly 30 per cent of world opium?
The place where Lord Krishna explained the Philosophy of Bhagwad Gita is
What does the Car Festival of Puri commemorate?
Barometer measures
To an astronaut in a satellite the colour of the sky would appear to be
In human body, quantity of water is about
134. The science of the study of soil is
Bonasi is the Japanese art of
‘Parsec’ is a unit of
Legal tender is the name used to describe
Price index numbers are designed to measure
The function of the DNA in the body is
Antigen was discovered in .......... by ..........
The medicine AZT is
Milk is a natural
Which institution is known as ‘soft loan window’ of the World Bank?
Representation of any state in Rajya Sabha is according to
The first Shore-based, modern, integrated steel in India is in
Global warming is mainly due to accumulation of
Which of the following elements is obtained from sea weeds?
The constitution of India provided that Hindi shall be
What is the official language of Nagaland?
The quorum of the Parliament is fixed at
Famous ‘Oscar Awards’ are presented by the
With what field of activity do you associate Ela Bhatt?
Which is the biggest centre of the world’s diamond trade?
With which game is the term “bogey” associated?
Name the author of “My Presidential Years”?
Surat is located on the banks of the river
name the Director of the film ‘Guide’
The state located on the easter-most-part of India is
Nhava Sheva, one of India’s major ports is located in
Pencillin was discovered by
