$$x \cos \alpha + y \sin \alpha = p$$
where $$p\gt 0$$ is the perpendicular distance from the origin to the line, and $$\alpha$$ is the angle between the perpendicular (normal) to the line and the positive x‐axis.
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CAT Formulas
Straight Lines
Normal Form of a Straight Line
$$x \cos \alpha + y \sin \alpha = p$$
where $$p\gt 0$$ is the perpendicular distance from the origin to the line, and $$\alpha$$ is the angle between the perpendicular (normal) to the line and the positive x‐axis.
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