Look carefully for the pattern, and then choose which pair of numbers comes next.
2 44 4 41 6 38 8
MAH CET 10th Mar 2024 Slot 4
For the following questions answer them individually
Given below is a statement and two assumptions. These assumptions may or may not be implicit in the statement.
Statement: Vitamin D tablets improve bones.
Assumption A: People like strong bones.
Assumption B: Health becomes dull in the absence of healthy bones.
Determine whether one or both assumptions are implicit or not in the given statement and choose the correct option from the options given below
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Vaccines prevent diseases.
Reason (R) : Vaccines must be given to children.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
A is B's sister. C is B's mother. D is C's father. E is D's mother. Then, how is A related to D?
Given below is a statement and two assumptions. These assumptions may or may not be implicit in the statement.
Statement: If you will trouble me, I will slap you" - A father warns his child.
Assumption A: Because of warning , the may child may stop troubling him.
Assumption B: All children are usually naughty Determine whether one or both assumptions are implicit or not in the given statement and choose the correct option from the options given below:
In a family, there are six members A, B, C, D, E and F.
A and B are a married couple, A being the male member. D is the only son of C, who is the brother of A. E is the sister of D. B is the daughter-in-law of F, whose husband has died.
How is E related to C ?
In a certain coding system.
'816321' means 'the brown dog frightened the cat';
'64851' means 'the frightened cat ran away';
'7621 ' means 'the cat was brown';
'341' means 'the dog ran'
What is the code for 'frightened' ?
If SYSTEM is coded as SYSMET and NEARER as AENRER, then FRACTION will be coded as
In a certain coding system,
'816321 ' means 'the brown dog frightened the cat';
'64851' means 'the frightened cat ran away';
'7621' means 'the cat was brown';
'341' means 'the dog ran'.
What is the code for 'brown'?
How many such pairs of digits are there in the number 95137248 each of which has as many digits between them in the number as when they are arranged in ascending order?
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : India has a tropical monsoon type climate.
Reason (R) : India is located exactly between the tropical latitudes.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
P said to Q: "You are as old as R was when I was twice as old as S and will be as old as Twas when he was as old as R is now". Q said to P:
"You may be older than U but V is as old as I was when you were as old as V is, and S will be as old as U was when U is as old as V.
Who is the eldest?
If South-East becomes North, North-East becomes West and so on.
What will West become?
One evening just before sunset two friends Sanju and Manju were talking to each other face to face. If Manju's shadow was exactly to her left side, which direction was Sanju facing?
Given a Series 25,49,121,169,?
Find what number would come in place of the question mark(?)
Five friends A, B, C, D & E went to college, each of them reached at different times. If B reached after C and D, A and E reached before C and D, then who was the last person to reach?
There are 60 children admitted to a Music Academy. Some children can play only Guitar and some can play only Sitar. 15 children can play both Guitar and Sitar. If the number of children who can play Guitar is 27 then how many children can play only Sitar?
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : In winter, a Glass tumbler breaks when hot water is poured in it.
Reason (R) : The outer surface of glass expands when hot water is poured into it.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Downpour of rain helps lessen the humidity in the atmosphere
Reason (R) : Rains are caused when atmosphere cannot hold more moisture.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Some boys are sitting in a line. Manohar is at 17th place from left and Surendra is at 18th place from right. There are 8 boys between them. How many boys are there in the line?
Look carefully for the pattern, and then choose which pair of numbers comes next.
42 40 38 35 33 31 28
Given below is a statement and two assumptions. These assumptions may or may not be implicit in the statement.
Statement: The best evidence of India's glorious past is the growing popularity of ayurvedic medicines in the world.
Assumption A: Ayurvedic medicines are more popular in India.
Assumption B: Ayurvedic medicines are not popular in India.
Determine whether one or both assumptions are implicit or not in the given statement and choose the correct option from the options given below:
Insert the missing number in the following question
How many independent words can 'HEARTLESS' be divided into without changing the order of the letters and using each letter only once?
Given below is a statement and two assumptions. These assumptions may or may not be implicit in the statement.
Statement: The Government has decided to levy 2 percent on the tax amount payable for funding drought relief programmes.
Assumption A: The Government does not have sufficient money to fund drought relief programmes.
Assumption B: The amount collected by way of surcharge may be adequate to fund these drought relief programmes.
Determine whether one or both assumptions are implicit or not in the given statement and choose the correct option from the options given below:
Given below is a statement and two assumptions. These assumptions may or may not be implicit in the statement.
Statement: Shivam wrote to his brother at Delhi to collect personally the application form for the research degree in Microbiology from the University.
Assumption A: It may possible that Shivam's brother may receive the form well before the last date of collecting application forms.
Assumption B: It may possible that the University may issue the application forms to a person other than the prospective student.
Determine whether one or both assumptions are implicit or not in the given statement and choose the correct option from the options given below:
Ram is 7 ranks ahead of Shyam in a class of 39. If Shyam's rank is 17th from the last, what is Ram's rank from the start?
If DELHI is coded as CCIDD, how would you encode BOMBAY?
In a certain coding system, RBM STD BRO PUS means 'the cat is beautiful' TNH PUS DIM STD means 'the dog is brown PUS DIM BRO PUS CUS means 'the dog has the cat'. What is the code for 'has' ?
If MOBILITY is coded as 46293927 then EXAMINATION is coded as?
Look carefully for the pattern, and then choose which pair of numbers comes next.
7 9 66 12 14 66 17
Study the given information and answer the following questions:
When a word and number arrangement machine is given an input line of words and numbers, it arranges them following a particular rule. The following is an illustration of input and the rearrangement
Input 40 made butter 23 37 cookies salt extra 52 86 92 fell now 19
Step I: butter 19 40 made 23 37 cookies salt extra 52 86 92 fell now
Step II cookies 23 butter 19 40 made 37 salt extra 52 86 92 fell now
Step Ill: extra 37 cookies 23 butter 19 40 made salt 52 86 92 fell now
Step IV: fell 40 extra 37 cookies 23 butter 19 made salt 52 86 92 now
Step V: made 52 fell 40 extra 37 cookies 23 butter 19 salt 86 92 now
Step VI: now 86 made 52 fell 40 extra 37 cookies 23 butter 19 salt 92
Step VII: salt 92 now 86 made 52 fell 40 extra 37 cookies 23 butter 19
Step VII is the last step of the above arrangement as the intended arrangement is obtained. As per the rules followed in the given steps, find out the appropriate steps for the given input
Step Ill of an input is: 91 car 85 14 27
Which of the following is definitely the input?
Find the number which will come in the place of the question mark in the given series 11 ,12,15,20,27,?
In a dance academy there are 240 dancers. All the dancers are numbered 1 to 120. All even numbered dancers learn Salsa. Dancers whose numbers are divisible by 5 learn Ballet and those whose numbers are divisible by 7 learn Hip Hop. How many learn none of the three dance forms?
There are six persons A B, C, D, E and F. C is the sister of F. B is the brother of E's husband. D is the father of A and grandfather of F. There are two fathers, three brothers and a mother in the group. Who is the mother?
In a large group of 20 adults, there are 8 males and 9 vegetarian. Find the number of female non- vegetarians if the group contains 5 male vegetarians.
P said to Q: "You are as old as R was when I was twice as old as S and will be as old as Twas when he was as old as R is now". Q said to P:
"You may be older than U but V is as old as I was when you were as old as V is, and S will be as old as U was when U is as old as V.
Who is the youngest?
Study the following information carefully and then answer the question given below it. A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them following a particular rule in each step The following is an illustration of input and rearrangement.
Input - past back 32 47 19 own fear 25
Step I - 19 past back 32 47 own fear 25
Step II - 19 past 25 back 32 47 own fear
Step Ill - 19 past 25 own 32 back 47 fear
Step IV - 19 past 25 own 32 back 47 fear
Step V - 19 past 25 own 32 fear back 47
Step VI - 19 past 25 own 32 fear 47 back
And Step VI is the last step
As per rules followed in above steps, find out in each of the following questions, the appropriate step for the given input.
Input 83 42 bench lower 13 upper floor 37
Which of the following will be step III?
Rahul put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 PM. hour hand points to North. In which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15 PM ?
In a survey, it is found that 21 people read English newspaper, 26 people read Hindi newspaper, and 29 people read regional language newspaper. If 14 people read both English and Hindi newspapers; 15 people read both Hindi and regional language newspapers; 12 people read both English and regional language newspaper and 8 read all types of newspapers. How many people were surveyed?
Study the following information carefully and then answer the question given below it. A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and rearrangement.
Input- past back 32 47 19 own fear 25
Step I - 19 past back 32 47 own fear 25
Step II - 19 past 25 back 32 47 own fear
Step Ill - 19 past 25 own 32 back 47 fear
Step IV - 19 past 25 own 32 back 47 fear
Step V - 19 past 25 own 32 fear back 47
Step VI - 19 past 25 own 32 fear 47 back
And Step VI is the last step.
As per rules followed in above steps, find out in each of the following questions, the appropriate step for the given input.
Step IV of an input is 24 stop 27 pick 94 85 76 bring down.
How many more steps will be required complete the rearrangement?
One day Ravi left home and cycled 10 km southwards then turned right and cycled 5 km and turned right and cycled 10 km and turned left and cycled 10 km .How many kilometers will he have to cycle to reach his home straight ?
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Cotton is grown in alluvial soils.
Reason (R) Alluvial soils are very fertile.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
Study the following information very carefully to answer the questions that follow:
1) Shivam's fitness schedule consists of cycling, rowing, gymnasium, jogging and boxing from Monday to Saturday, each workout is on one day, one day being rest day.
2) Gymnasium is done neither on the first nor on the last day but is done earlier than rowing.
3) Jogging is done on the immediate next day of the rowing day.
4) Cycling is done on the immediate previous day of the rest day.
5) Jogging and boxing were done with a two day gap between them.
6) Boxing was done on the following day the rest day.
Which of the following is wrong statement?
On which day boxing is done?
Which of the following is rest day?
Cycling and jogging days have a gap of how many days between them?
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Six friends--Alok, Bheem, Chandar, Devdas, Earl and Ferguson are sitting on a bench facing in the same direction. Chandar is sitting between Alok and Earl;. Devdas is not at the end. Bheem is sitting to the immediate right of Earl. Ferguson is not at the right end.
Who is to the immediate right of Ferguson?
Who is at the left end?
Who is fourth from the left end?
How many persons are there to the left of Chandar?
Study the following information and answer the questions that follow:
i. Six picture cards P, Q, R, S, T and U are framed in six different colours - blue, red, green, grey, yellow and brown and are arranged from left to right (not necessarily in the same order).
ii. The pictures are of king, princess, queen, palace, joker and prince.
iii. The picture of the palace is in the blue colour frame but is not on card S and card P which is of the queen, is in the brown frame and is placed at the extreme right.
iv. The picture of the princess is neither on card s nor on card T and is not in either the green or the yellow frame. Card R has a picture of the king in a grey frame and it is fifth from right and next to card a having the picture of the prince.
Which is the correct combination of card and frame colours?
The picture of the joker is in which colour frame?
The picture of the palace is printed on which card?
If the princess's card is immediately between the cards of the palace and the prince, then at what number is the joker's card placed from left?
Four families decided to go for a picnic to Jhumri Talaiya and agreed to meet at a place called Rani ka Talab before moving for the picnic. One family has no kid, while the others have at least one kid each. Amongst each family with kids, at least one kid goes to the picnic. Following is the information about the families.
i. The family with two kids came just before the family with no kids.
ii. D who does not have any kids reached just before C's family.
iii. P and his wife reached last with their only kid.
iv. Q is not B's husband.
v. Q and S are fathers.
vi. C's and A's daughters go to the same school.
vii. B came before D and met A when she reached the fixed place.
viii. R stays farthest from the place and he is a good singer.
ix. S explained that his son could not come because of exams.
Who amongst the females arrived third ?
Which is the correct pair of husband and wife?
Whose daughters go to the same school?
Study the information below to answer the question.
Seema, Rajinder and Surinder are children of Mr and Mrs Aggarwal.
Renu, Raju and Sunil are children of Mrs and Mr Malhotra.
Sunil and Seeta are a married couple and Ashok and Sanjay are their children.
Geeta and Rakesh are children of Mr and Mrs Gupta.
Geeta is married to Surinder and has three children named Rita, Sonu and Raju.
How is Rajinder related to Ashok?
How is Renu related to Sanjay?
Sunil and Surinder are related as?
Kishanlal has a larger square field divided into nine smaller squares, all equal, arranged in three rows of three fields each. One side of the field runs exactly east-west. The middle square must be planted with rice because it is wet. The wheat and barley should be continuous so that they can be harvested all at once by the mechanical harvester. Two of the fields should be planted with soyabeans. The north-westernmost field should be planted with peanuts and the southern third of the field is suitable only for vegetables.
If Kishanlal decides to plant the wheat next to the peanuts, in which square will the barley be?
A. The square immediately north of the rice
B. The square immediately east of the rice
C. The square immediately west of the rice
D. The square immediately north east of the rice
E. The square immediately north west of the rice
Which square cannot be planted with wheat?
A. The square immediately north of the rice
B. The square immediately east of the rice
C. The square immediately west of the rice
D. The square immediately north east of the rice
Which plot cannot be planted with soyabeans?
A. The square immediately north of the rice
B. The square immediately east of the rice
C. The square immediately west of the rice
D. The square immediately north east of the rice
E. The square immediately north West of the rice
For the following questions answer them individually
The Venn diagram given below shows the estimated readership (in lakhs) of 3 leading newspaper dailies (ABC, DEF, and GHI) in the city M&M, which has an estimated population of 8.9 million. It is also known that the total readership of ABC is 9.7 lakhs, DEF is 9.1 lakhs, and that of GHI is 8.9 lakhs.
What percent of the total population of M&M reads at leas
t one of these three newspapers?
Two cars start from the opposite places of a main road, 150 km apart. Car B is facing west. First car runs for 25 km and takes a right turn and then runs 15 km. It then turns left and then runs for another 25 km and then takes the direction back to reach the main road. In the mean time, due to minor break down the other car B has run only 35 km along the main road.
What direction is car A facing now?
What would be the distance between two cars at this point?
A solid cube has been painted yellow, blue and red on pairs of opposite faces. The cube is then cut into 343 smaller blocks of size (1 x 1 x 1 ).
Find the number of blocks that will have 2 sides painted in a way that 1 is painted yellow and other one is painted either red or blue
Find the number of blocks that will have 3 sides painted with 3 different colours?
What are the dimensions of the bigger cube?
Find the number of blocks that will have 0 side painted?
Read the information given below and answer the questions.
Chand and his wife Kalini have a family of three generations comprising thirteen members of whom six are female members. Some of Chand's children are married, but none of his grandchildren are married.
Kalini has a daughter-in-law named Manara and two sons-in-law, one being Wadhwaran.
Gajodhar's brother is Mahesh, who has two nephews and two nieces - one being Laila.
Vandana, Mahesh's sister has two children.
Manara, who is sister-in-law to Mahesh has four nephews and nieces.
Manohar, who is married to Sita in the family, has a daughter Mira and a son.
Roy has a sister and two cousins, Akash and Mira.
Which of the following pairs is a brother and a sister?
Laila is the niece of
Akash is the son of
Amongst the following, which one is false?
For the following questions answer them individually
Which figure from the options complete the series?
Which figure is the odd one out ?
Choose the image that completes the pattern (From left to right):
Which figure is the odd one out?
Select the figure from the given option can replace the question mark (?) to complete the series.
Choose the figure which is the odd one out.
Which shape comes next in the sequence?
Choose the image that completes the pattern (From left to right):
Choose the odd one out:
Which of the following options should replace the question mark to complete the pattern?
Which of the boxes comes next in the sequence?
Which figure from the options completes the series?
Which of the following boxes should replace the question mark (?) to complete the pattern?
Which figure from the options is the odd one out?
The figures in the top row follow some pattern. Which option from the bottom row fol lows next in the sequence?
The figures in the top row follow some pattern. Which option from the bottom row follows next in the sequence?
Which figure is the odd one out?
Which shape comes next in the sequence?
Which figure is the odd one out?
Figure (i) and (ii) are related to each other in some way Using the same logic find figure (iii) from given option that shares same relationship with figure (iv)
Solution
Every couple of image starting from the square and star exchanges their position.
Following the same pattern, the correct image is 4 i.e. Option D.
Which figure is the odd one out?
Which figure is the odd one out?
Which figure is the odd one out?'
Solution
The odd one out is A because all the other images have 4 patterns on the tip of image whereas A has only 3 patterns.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A.
Out of a pack of 52 cards one is lost, from the remainder of the pack , two cards are drawn and are found to be spades .Find the chance that the missing card is a spade ?
A man sells three motors for ₹5,400, ₹3,300 and ₹4,350 respectively. He makes 20% profit on the first and 10% profit on the second but on the whole, he loses 75/8%. What did the third motor car cost him ?
Solution
Let us assume the cost prices of 1st, 2nd and 3rd motors to be A, B and C respectively.
According to the question, A*1.2 = 5400 ==> A = 4500.
Similarly, B*1.1 = 3300 ==> B = 3000.
Total Selling Prices = 5400 + 3300 + 4350 = 13050 and he suffered a loss of 75/8 i.e. 9.375% on it.
So, Total CP * (1 - 9.375%) = 13050 ==> Total Cost Price = 14400.
Also, A + B + C = 14400 ==> C = 14400 - 4500 - 3000 ==> C = 6900.
The ratio of the ages of Minu and Meera is 4:2. If the sum of their ages is 6 years, find the ratio of their ages after 8 years.
Solution
If the ratio of ages of Minu and Meera is 4:2 and sum of their ages is 6, then ages of Minu and Meera is 4 and 2 respectively.
After 8 years, their individual ages will be 12 and 10 years respectively.
thus, the ratio will be 12 : 10 = 6:5.
The last digit of the number obtained by multiplying the numbers $$81 \times 82 \times 83 \times 84 \times 85 \times 86 \times 87 \times 88 \times 89$$ will be
Solution
To get the last digit, we could simply find the product of last digits of all the numbers i.e. 1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9.
As, there is 5 and 2 in the multiplication, 10 becomes a factor of the product and thus last digit will surely be 0.
Find the number of divisiors of 1420
Solution
1420 can be factorized as : $$2^2\times\ 5\times\ 71$$.
Total number of divisors = (2+1)(1+1)(1+1) = 3*2*2 = 12.
$$(0.2 \times 0.2 + 0.01) (0.1 \times 0.1 + 0.02)^{-1}$$ is equal to
There are two poles, one on each side of the road. The higher pole is 54 m high. From the top of this pole, the angle of depression of the top and bottom of the shorter pole is 30 and 60 degrees respectively. Find the height of the shorter pole.
Solution
Let the longer pole to be CD and the shorter pole to be AB.
Angle of depression from C to A i.e. angle YCA is 30 degrees which means that angle CAX = 30 degrees.
Angle of depression from C to B i.e. angle YCB is 60 degrees which means that angle CBD = 60 degrees.
Tan CBD = CD/BD where CD = 54 m.
This gives BD = $$\frac{54}{\sqrt{\ 3}}=18\sqrt{\ 3}$$.
In triangle CAX, Tan CAX = CX / AX where Ax = BD = $$\frac{54}{\sqrt{\ 3}}=18\sqrt{\ 3}$$.
This gives CX = 18 m. XD = CD - CX = 36 m.
Height of the shorter pole i.e. AB is equal to XD and thus the correct answer is Option B.
Three pipes A, B and C are connected to a tank. Out of the tree, A and B are tile inlet pipes and C is the outlet pipe If opened separately, A fills the tank in 10 hours and B fills the tank in 30 hours. If all three are opened simultaneously, it takes 30 minutes extra than if only A and B are opened. How much time does it take to empty the tank if only C is opened?
Solution
We will assume the capacity of the tank to be 30 litres i.e. LCM of 10 and 30.
Efficiencies of Pipe A and B are 3 and 1 litres per hour respectively.
Together they can fill the tank in $$\frac{30}{3+1}=7.5\ hrs$$.
But, when they all work together, they can fill the tank in 30 mins + 7.5 hrs = 8 hrs.
Let us assume the efficiency of C to be X litres per hour.
So, when they all work together, 8*(3 + 1 - X) = 30
X = 1/4 litres/ hour.
So, time taken by C alone = $$\frac{30}{\frac{1}{4}}=120\ hrs$$.
A watch which gains 5 seconds in 3 minutes was set right at 7:00 a.m. In the afternoon of the same day, when the watch indicated quarter past 4 o'clock, the true time is
Solution
The watch gains 5 seconds in 3 minutes. It means that in 60 minutes, the watch will gain 100 seconds i.e. $$\frac{5}{3}\min$$.
So, for every hour passed, the clock will cover 1hr + $$\frac{5}{3}\min$$ = $$61\ \frac{2}{3}$$ mins.
We need to find the correct time, when the clock has covered 9 hrs 15 mins i.e. quarter past 4 o'clock from 7:00 am ==> 555 mins.
60 mins -----> $$61\ \frac{2}{3}$$ mins
$$\frac{60}{61\frac{2}{3}}$$ mins ------> 1 min
$$\frac{60}{61\frac{2}{3}}\times\ 555$$ mins -------> 555 mins.
So, the actual time passed ==> $$\frac{60}{61\frac{2}{3}}\times\ 555=\frac{60\times\ 3}{185}\times\ 555=540$$ mins ==> 9 hrs.
So, the actual time is 7:00 am + 9hrs = 4 o'clock.
Find the number of zeroes at the end of 1090!
Solution
The number of zeroes at the end of 1090! will depend on the power of 5 in the prime factorization of 1090!.
Number of powers of 5 can be calculated as 1090/5 + 218/5 + 43/5 + 8/5 = 218 + 43 + 8 + 1 = 270.
Thus, the number of zeroes at the end of 1090! are 270.
The ratio of money with Rohan and Sohan is 3 : 4 and that with Sohan and Mohan is 3 : 7. If money with Sohan is Rs. 120, How much money does Mohan have?
Solution
Ratio of money with Sohan and Mohan = 3:7.
$$\frac{3}{7}=\frac{120}{Mohan}$$.
So, the amount with Mohan = 280.
A bag contains 5 red, 4 green and 3 black balls. Three balls are drawn out from it at random. Find the probability of drawing exactly 2 red balls
Solution
Number of ways in which we can select 2 red balls and 1 ball out of remaining 7 balls = 5C2 * 7.
Total number of ways of selecting 3 balls = 12C3.
Required Probability = $$\frac{5C2\times\ 7}{12C3}=\frac{7}{22}$$
From the top of a tower 100m high, a person observes that the angle of elevation of the top of another tower is 60° and the angle of depression of the bottom of the tower is $$30^{\circ}$$. Then the height (in meters) of the second tower approximately is.
Solution
From A, angle of elevation to C i.e. angle CAX is 60 degrees and from A, angle of depression to D i.e. XAD is 30 degrees.
As AX is parallel to BD, angle BDA = XAD = 30 degrees.
Tan BDA = AB / BD where AB = 100 m.
This gives BD = $$100\sqrt{\ 3}$$ m. AX = BD = $$100\sqrt{\ 3}$$ m.
In triangle CAX, Tan CAX = CX/AX.
This gives CX = 300 m and length of CD becomes XD + CX = AB + CX = 400 m.
Find the reaminder when the number $$9^{100}$$ is divided by 8.
Solution
The remainder when 9 is divided by 8 = 1.
So, the remainder when $$9^{100}$$ is divided by 8 = $$1^{100}\ =\ 1$$ i.e. Option A.
What is the remainder when $$128^{1000}$$ is devided by 153?
Solution
$$128^{1000}$$ can be written as $$2^{7000}$$ and the divisor i.e. 153 can be broken down into 9*17.
$$2^{7000}$$ can be written as $$8^{2333}\times\ 2$$. 8 leaves -1 as remainder when divided by 9. So, $$8^{2333}\times\ 2$$ will leave $$-1^{2333}\times\ 2$$ as remainder i.e. -2 when divided by 9. So, the remainder when the number is divided by 9 is 9-2 = 7.
Similarly, $$2^{7000}$$ can be written as $$16^{1750}$$ and 16 leaves -1 remainder when divided by 17 so $$16^{1750}$$ will also leave $$-1^{1750\ }$$ i.e. 1 remainder when divided by 17.
Now, the remainder can be written as: N = 9a + 7 = 17b + 1.
17b - 9a = 6. Possible values for a and b are 5 and 3 rsepctively.
Thus, N = 52 and the number can be written as 153K + 52 thus leaving 52 as remainder when divided by 153.
At what time between 9 o'clock and 10 o'clock will the hand of a clock point in opposite direction?
Solution
At 9 o'clock, the smaller angle between hour hand and minute hand is 90 degrees.
As time passes, this smaller angle will increase.
For the hands to point in exact opposite directions, the angle has to become 180 degrees.
It means that the minute hand has to gain 90 degrees more over the hour hand.
Every minute, the minute hand gains 6 - 0.5 = 5.5 degrees over the hour hand.
To gain 90 more degrees, the minute hand will take $$\frac{90}{5.5}$$ mins ==> $$16\ \frac{4}{11}$$ mins.
So, the hands will face exact opposite directions at $$16\ \frac{4}{11}$$ mins past 9.
In measuring the side of a square, an error of 5% in excess is made.
The error % in the calculated area is:
Solution
Let us assume the original side to be 10 units.
The length of side is mistakenly taken as 10*1.05 = 10.5 units.
The initial area was 10*10 = 100 sq units and the incorrect area is 10.5*10.5 = 110.25 units.
The change in area is 10.25%.
Find the 15th term of the sequence 20, 15, 10, ........
Solution
The terms form an AP with a common difference of -5.
Nth term of an AP = A + (N-1)D where A is the first term and D is the common difference.
Thus, 15th term will be 20 + (15-1)*(-5) = -50.
There is 60% increase in an amount in 6 years at simple interest What will be the compound interest of Rs. 12,000 after 3 years at the same rate?
Solution
Let us assume the Principal to be 100. We are given that in 6 years, the principal generated interest equals to 60% of 100 = 60.
60 = $$100\times\ R\%\times\ 6$$. This gives R = 10%.
Compound interest on 12000 for 3 years with 10% pa rate : $$\left(12000\times\ 1.1^3\right)\ -\ 12000\ =\ 3972$$.
A seller offers his customer a discount of 30%. If the price is 50% above cost price, how much profit does the seller make?
Solution
Let us assume the Cost Price to be 100.
Price will be 1.5*100 = 150.
Selling price after giving a discount of 30% will be: 0.7*150 = 105.
Profit made by the seller = 105 - 100 = 5 i.e. 5%.
Find the largest four-digit number exactly divisible by 15,21 and 28.
Solution
If a number is divisible by each of 15, 21 and 28, then it should also be divisible by their LCM i.e. 420.
10000 when divided by 420 leaves remainder 340.
It means that the largest number which is divisible by 420 and is lower than 10000 is 10000 - 340 = 9660.
Thus, the largest four-digit number exactly divisible by 15,21 and 28 is 9660.
If the integers a and b are chosen at random from 1 to 100, then the probability that a number of the form $$7^{a}+ 7^{a}$$ is divisible by 5, equal to:
Time required by two pipes A and B working separately to fill a tank is 36 seconds and 45 seconds respectively. Another pipe C can empty the tank in 30 seconds. Initially, A and Bare opened and after 7 seconds, C is also opened. In how much more time the tank would be completely filled?
Solution
We will assume the capacity of the tank to be 180 litres i.e. LCM of 36, 45 and 30.
This gives the efficiency of Pipe A = 180/36 = 5 l/sec,
efficiency of Pipe B = 180/45 = 4 l/sec and efficiency of Pipe C = 180/30 = 6 l/sec.
For the first 7 seconds, Pipe A and Pipe B were opened which means that they filled 7*(5+4) = 63 litres.
Remaining quantity to be filled = 180 - 63 = 117 and time taken will be $$\frac{117}{5+4-6}=39\ \sec onds$$.
How many numbers less than 100 have exactly four factors?
Solution
Numbers having 4 factors are either of the form $$a^3\ or\ ab$$ where a and b are prime factors.
Numbers of the form $$a^3$$ which are less than 100 are: 8 and 27 = 2 numbers.
To find the numbers of the form ab, we will assume values for "a".
Case 1: a = 2. For ab to be lower than 100, "b" can take values 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43 and 47 = 14 numbers.
Case 2: a = 3. For ab to be lower than 100, "b" can take values 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 and 31 = 9 numbers.
Case 3: a = 5. For ab to be lower than 100, "b" can take values 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19 = 5 numbers.
Case 4: a = 7. For ab to be lower than 100, "b" can take values 11 and 13 = 2 numbers.
No other cases are possible.
So total cases possible for numbers lower than 100 having 4 factors are 2 + 14 + 9 + 5 + 2 = 32.
Find the largest number which divides 64, 136, and 238 to leave the same remainder in each case.
Solution
Let us assume that largest number be A and the common remainder to be B.
64 = Ax + B
136 = Ay + B
238 = Az + B where x, y and z are quotients.
Subtracting 1st equation from 2nd, we get: 72 = A(y - x). So, A must be a factor of 72.
Subtracting 2nd equation from 3rd, we get: 102 = A(z - y). So, A must be a factor of 102.
Subtracting 1st from 3rd, we get: 174 = A(z - x). So, A must be a factor of 174.
So, the HCF of 72, 102 and 174 is 6 which means that the maximum value that A can take is 6.
How many terms are there in the AP. 20, 25, 30, ..... , 130?
Solution
Share
Here we can see that the common difference is 5 and he first term is 20.
We know that the formula of the th term is a+(n-1)d = 130
20+(n-1)5 = 130
n-1 = 22
n = 23
The distance from Y to Z is thrice that from X to Y. Two trains A and B travel from X to Z via Y The speed of train B is double that of train A while traveling from X to Y and their speeds are interchanged while traveling from Y to Z. The ratio of the time taken by train A to that taken by train B in traveling from X to Z is?
Solution
Let us assume the distance from X to Y to be 100 kms and from Y to Z to be 300 kms.
Let us also assume the speed of train A from X to Y to be 50 kms/hr, then speed of train B from X to Y will be 100 kms/hr.
Time taken by A to travel from X to Z = $$\frac{100}{50}+\frac{300}{100}=5\ hrs$$ and time taken by B to travel from X to Z = $$\frac{100}{100}+\frac{300}{50}=7\ hrs$$.
So, the ratio of time taken by A and B = 5:7.
A train passes a station platform in 36 seconds and a man standing on the platform in 20 seconds If the speed of the train is 54 km/hr what is the length of the platform? (in m )
Solution
Let us assume the length of train to be X m and length of the platform to be Y m.
The speed of train in m/sec = $$54\times\ \frac{5}{18}=15\ $$m/sec
Train passed the platform in 36 seconds which means that X+Y = 15*36 ==> X + Y = 540 metres.
Train passed the standing man in 20 seconds which means that X = 20*15 = 300 metres.
This gives the value of Y i.e. the length of the platform to be 240 metres.
Pure milk costs ₹16 per litre. After adding water the milkman sells the mixture ₹15 per litre and thereby makes a profit of 25%. In what respective ratio does he mix milk with water?
Solution
If the selling price of 1 L is 15 and he makes a profit of 25%, then Cost Price to him for 1 L of mixture = 15/1.25 = 12.
It means that the milkman is adding 12 rupees worth of milk in 1 L of mixture i.e. 12/16 = 3/4 L.
Remaining 1/4 L is water in the mixture.
So, ratio of milk and water in the mixture = 3:1.
The cost of 8 kg of cashew nuts is equal to the cost of 50 kg of guavas. The cost of 19 kg of grapes is Rs. 456. The cost of 1 kg of guava is twice the cost of 2 kg of grapes. What is the total cost of 3 kg of cashew nuts and 4 kg of guavas together?
Solution
Cost of 19 kgs of Grapes = 456, so cost of 1 kg of Grapes = 24.
Cost of 1 kg of Guava = 2* Cost of 2Kg of grapes = 2 * 2*24 = 96.
Cost of 8 kgs of cashew nuts = Cost of 50 kgs of Guavas i.e. 50*96.
So, cost of 1 kg of cashew nuts = 600.
Total cost of 3 kgs of cashew nuts and 4 kgs of guavas = 3*600 + 4*96 = 1800 + 384 = 2184.
Four years ago a man was 6 times as old as his son. After 16 years he will be twice as old as his son. What is the present age of man and his son?
Solution
Let us assume the present ages of the father and son to be F and S respectively.
Four years ago the man was 6 times as old as his son: F-4 = 6(S-4) ==> 6S - F = 20.
After 16 years he will be twice as old as his son: F+16 = 2(S+16) ==> F - 2S = 16.
Adding both equations, we get 4S = 36 ==> S = 9 and F = 34.
What is the angle at which hands of a clock are inclined at 15 minutes past 5?
Solution
The smaller angle between the hands at 5 o'clock = 150 degrees.
As the time passes, this smaller angle will decrease.
The relative speed of movement = 6 - 0.5 = 5.5 degrees per minute.
In 15 mins i.e. at 5:15, the distance covered by the minute hand over the hour hand = 15*5.5 = 82.5 degrees.
So, the smaller angle will now be ==> 150 - 82.5 = 67.5 degrees.
If A381 is divisible by 11 , find the value of the smallest natural number A
Solution
For any number to be divisible by 11, the difference between the sum of digits at odd and even positions should be a multiple of 11.
Sum of odd position digits = A + 8
sum of even position digits = 3 + 1 = 4.
Their difference i.e. A+8 - 4 = A+4 should be a multiple of 11. So, the smallest value that A can take for which A+4 is a multiple of 11 is 7 i.e. Option D.
If 146! is divisble by $$5^{n}$$, then find the maximum value of n
Solution
The maximum value of n will be equal to the number of powers of 5 in the expansion of 146!.
This will be equal to whole number values of: $$\frac{146}{5}+\frac{29}{5}+\frac{5}{5}=29\ +\ 5\ +\ 1\ =\ 35$$.
So, the maximum value that n can take is 35.
Find the length of the plank which can be used to measure exactly the lengths 4 m 50 cm, 9 m 90 cm, and 16 m 20 cm in the least time.
Solution
We will have to find the HCF of 4.5, 9.9 and 16.2 metres.
Converting them into cm to get 450, 990 and 1620 cm. HCF of these 3 numbers is 90 cm.
So, the length of the plank which can be used to measure exactly the lengths 4 m 50 cm, 9 m 90 cm, and 16 m 20 cm in the least time is 90 cm.
How many times does the 29th day of the month occur in 400 consecutive years?
Solution
In every year, 29th date appears 11 times i.e. in every month except February.
This will amount to 11*400 = 4400 times.
However, in every leap year, 29th date appears 1 more time in February.
So, the number of leap years:
Years divisible by 4: 400 / 4 = 100
Subtract non-leap century years (divisible by 100 but not 400): -3 (e.g., 100, 200, 300)
Total leap years = 100 - 3 = 97 occurrences.
So, total occurrences = 4400 + 97 = 4497.
There are two concentric circular tracks of radii 100m and 102m respectively. A runs on the inner track and goes once round the track in 1 minute 30 seconds while B runs on outer track in 1 minute 32 seconds. Who runs faster and at what speed ?
Solution
Speed = Distance/Time.
Speed for A = $$\frac{2\pi\ \times\ 100}{90}=\frac{20\pi\ }{9}$$ m/sec and Speed for B = $$\frac{2\pi\ \times\ 102}{92}=\frac{51\pi\ }{23}$$.
Now, after comparing the speeds, we get that speed of A is faster and in 1 minute, A covers $$\frac{20\pi\ }{9}\times\ 60=133.33\pi\ $$ metres.
Find the greatest number which on dividing 70 and 50 leaves remainders 1 and 4 respectively
Solution
Let the number be A.
As 70 leaves 1 remainder when divided by A, it could be written as: 70 = Ax + 1 where x is the quotient.
Similarly, 50 = Ay + 4.
Subtracting the equations, we get: 20 = A(x - y) - 3 ==> A(x-y) = 23.
23 can be expressed as a product of 2 numbers in only 1 way as 23 is a prime number.
So, A can either be 23 or 1 and the greatest value that A can take is 23.
If 381A is divisible by 9, find the value of the smallest natural number A.
Solution
For any number to be divisible by 9, the sum of the digits of the number has to be divisible by 9.
Sum of digits of 381A is 12+A. The smallest value of A to make 12+A a multiple of 9 is 6.
Thus, the smallest natural number value of A is 6.
Find the 1st term of an A. P whose 8th and 12th terms are 39 and 59 respectively
Solution
Nth term of an AP = A + (N-1)D where A is the first term and D is the common difference.
8th term = >A + 7D = 39.
12th term=> A + 11D = 59.
Subtracting the equations, we get 4D = 20 ==> D = 5.
Substituting this value in any of the equation gives us the 1st term i.e. A = 4.
A rectangular field of dimension $$180m \times 105m$$ is to be paved by identical square tiles. Find the number of tiles required to cover the field fully leaving no area unpaved.
Solution
The LCM of 180 and 105 = 15.
The number of tiles required for each row = 180/15 = 12 and,
the number of tiles required for each column = 105/15 = 7.
So, total number of tiles required = 12*7 = 84.
The sum of two numbers is 15 and their gemetric mean is 20% lower than their arithmetic mean. Find the numbers.
Solution
Arithmetic mean = Sum/2 = 15/2.
Geometric mean = 0.8 * Arithmetic mean = 0.8 * 15/2 = 6.
Product of the 2 numbers will be square of Geometric mean = 36.
Let us assume the numbers to be x and y.
x + y = 15 and xy = 36. Substituting value of x as 15 - y, we get:
y(15 - y) = 36 ==> $$y^2-15y\ +\ 36\ =\ 0$$.
y = 3 or 12.
So, the two numbers are 12 and 3.
A well with 7 m inside diameter is dug 22.5 m deep and the earth taken out of it has been spread around it to a width of 10.5 m to form an embankment. Find the height of the embankment so formed .
Solution
The well is in the form of a cylinder with radius = 3.5 m and depth = 22.5 m.
Then, the earth dug out is spread around to form an embarkment. Volume of earth dug out = Volume of earth on the embarkment.
Volume of earth on the embarkment = Area of embarkment * height.
So, $$\pi\ \times\ 3.5^2\times\ 22.5\ =\ Area\times\ height$$.
Area of embarkment = Area of larger circle - Area of inner circle = $$\pi\ \times\ 14^2-\pi\ \times\ 3.5^2\ =\pi\ \left(14^2-3.5^2\right)$$.
Putting this value of area in the above equation gives us the value of height to be 1.5 m.
The horizontal distance between two towers is 75 m and the angular depression of the top of the first tower as seen from the top of the second which is 160 m high is 45° Find the height of the first tower
Solution
Angle of depression i.e. YCA = 45 degrees. This makes the angle of elevation from A to C i.e. CAX to be 45 degrees also.
This means that CX = AX and AX is equal to BD i.e. the horizontal distance between them.
CX becomes 75 m. XD = CD - CX ==> 160 - 75 = 85m.
Height of the first tower i.e. AB is equal to XD and thus the correct answer is Option A.
In a 5000-meter race, if runner A runs at a speed of 12 meters per second and runner B runs at a speed of 15 meters per second, how many seconds will it take for runner B to finish the race if runner A finishes the race in 20 minutes?
Solution
If A is running for 20 minutes, then the total length of the race is 20*60 * 12 = 14400 metres.
For this distance, B will take 14400/15 = 960 seconds i.e. 16 mins.
The profit earned after selling an article for Rs. 1680 is the same as the loss incurred after selling the article for Rs. 1512. What is the approx % of the profit or loss?
Find the day of the week on 16th July, 1776.
A certain number of capsules were purchased for ₹216.15 more capsules could have been purchased in the same amount if each capsule was cheaper by ₹10. What was the number of capsules purchased?
21 articles were bought for ₹ 6531 and sold for ₹ 9954. How much was the approximate profit percentage per article ?
The sum of the digits of a two-number digit is 10 When the digits are reversed , the number decreases by 54. Find the changed number.
Select the meaning of the idiom:
To cut corners
Select the option with same analogy
REBELLIOUS : CONFRMIST ::
Select tile meaning of the idiom:
Catch 22
Choose the best option to fill in the blank.
A ............ student in unlikely to gain admission to a top-level institution.
Select the odd one out from the given options.
Select the antonym of the word:
RETRIBUTION
Choose the best option to fill in the blank.
Irony can sometimes become a mode of escape: to laugh at terrors of life is, in a way, to ............ them.
Select the antonym of the word:
VACILLATE
Choose the best option to fill in the blank.
He is so .......... that he immediately believed my story of ghosts
Select the meaning of the idiom
like a duck in a thunderstorm
Choose the odd one out from the given options.
In the questions, the sentence is split into four parts and named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct.
(A) He was a versatile writer who
(B) That are all considered the best in their spheres
(C) Tagore was a poet before everything else but
(D) Wrote novels, dramas, essays, and short stories
Select the odd one out from the given options.
Select the odd one out from the given options.
Select the synonym of the word:
BLITHE
Select the odd one out from the given options.
Select the synonym of the word:
RECUPERATE
Choose the best option to fill in the blank.
The miser gazed ...... at the pile of gold coins in front of him.
Select the synonym of the word:
TACITURNITY
In the questions, the sentence is split into four parts and named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct
(A) Something magical is happening to our plant
(B) Some are calling it a paradigm shift
(C) It's getting smaller.
(D) Others call it business transformation
He was a versatile writer who (A)/ that are all considered the best in their spheres (B)/ Tagore was a poet before everything else but (C)/ wrote novels, dramas, essays, and short stories (D)
Select the synonym of the word:
WEARY
Select the antonym of the word:
GARISH
Select the meaning of the idiom:
To bury tile hatchet
Select the synonym of the word
LOQUACIOUS
Select the meaning of the idiom
A cloud on the horizon
Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
"The emancipation of women", James Joyce told one of his friends, "has caused the greatest revolution in our time." Other modernists agree: Virginia Woolf, claiming that in about 1910 "human character changed" and illustrating the new balance between the sexes, urged, "Read the 'Agamemon' and see whether your sympathies are not almost entirely with Clytemnestra". D.H Lawrence wrote "perhaps the deepest fight for 200 years and more has been the fight for women's independence". But if modernist writers considered women's revolt against men's domination as one of their "greatest' and "deepest" themes, only recently, perhaps in the past 15 years has literary criticism begun to catch up with it. Not that the images of sexual antagonism that abound in modern literature have gone unremarked far from it. We are able to see in literary works the perspective we bring to them and now that women are enough to make a difference in reforming canons ans interpreting literature, the landscapes of literary history and the features of individual books have begun to change.
Which of the following titles best describes the contents of the passage?
According to the passage, modernists are changing literary criticism by
The author quotes James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and D.H. Lawrence primarily in order to show that
The author's attitude towards women's reformation of literary canons can best be described as one of :
Read the short passage below and answer the questions that follow.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a Professor of Physics. At an early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her masters degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium. she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
When Marie learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt.......
Marie _____________ by leaving Poland and travelling to France to enter the Sorbonne.
Marie had a bright mind and a ______________ personality.
______________ she remembered their joy together.
A sanctuary may be defined as a place where Man is passive and the rest of Nature active. Till quite recently Nature had her sanctuaries, where man either did not go at all or only as a tool-using animal in comparatively small numbers. But now. in this machinery age, there is no place left where man cannot go with overwhelming forces at his command. He can strangle to death all the nobler wildlife in the world today. Tomorrow he certainly will have done so, unless he exercises due foresight and self-control in the meantime.
There is not the slightest doubt that birds and mammals are now being killed off much faster than they can breed. And it is always the largest and noblest forms of life that suffer most. The whales and elephants, lions and eagles, go. The rats and flies, and all mean parasites, remain. This is inevitable in certain cases. But it is wanton killing off that I am speaking of tonight. Civilized man begins by destroying the very forms of wildlife he learns to appreciate most when he becomes still more civilized. The obvious remedy is to begin conservation at an earlier stage, when it is easier and better in every way, by enforcing laws for close seasons, game preserves, the selective protection of certain species, and sanctuaries.
I have just defined a sanctuary as a place where man is passive and the rest of Nature active. But this general definition is too absolute for any special case. The mere fact that man has to protect a sanctuary does away with his purely passive attitude. Then, he can be beneficially active by destroying pests and parasites, like bot-flies or mosquitoes, and by finding antidotes for diseases like the epidemic which periodically kills off the rabbits and thus starves many of the Carnivora to death. But, except in cases where the experiment has proved his intervention to be beneficial, the less he upsets the balance of Nature the better, even when he tries to be an earthly Providence.
The author's argument that destroying bot-flies and mosquitoes would be a beneficial action is most weakened by all of the following except
The author implies that his first definition of a sanctuary is
It can be inferred that the passage is
What shouId be the most appropriate central idea of this passage
In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Not a ..... (1) ..... passes without a controversy ..... (2) ..... over the national sports awards.
The ..... (3) ..... that arises every year following the announcement of the Khel Ratna, Arjuna
and Dronacharya awards often ..... (4) ..... to accusations of bias, regionalism and ..... (5) .....
Representations to the Sports Minister, interventions ..... (6) ..... Chief Ministers, Union
Ministers and politicians have all ..... (7) ..... part of the game, though the rules stipulate that
any form of "canvassing" could lead to disqualification of an ..... (8) ..... In practice, no such
disqualification takes ..... (9) ..... and aspiring candidates readily plead their cases with the
Sports Minister even after the recommendations of the awards panel become public .....(10).
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
We can answer Fermi's Paradox in two ways. Perhaps our current science over-estimates the likelihood of extraterrestrial intelligence evolving. Or, perhaps, evolved technical intelligence has some deep tendency to be self-limiting, even self-exterminating. After Hiroshima, some suggested that any aliens bright enough to make colonizing space ships would be bright enough to make thermonuclear bombs, and would use them on each other sooner or later.
I suggest a different, even darker solution to the Paradox. Basically, I think the aliens forget to send radio signals or colonize space because they're too busy with runaway consumerism and virtual-reality narcissism. Once they tum inwards to chase their shiny pennies of pleasure, they lose the cosmic plot.
The fundamental problem is that an evolved mind must pay attention to indirect cues of biological fitness, rather than tracking fitness itself. This was a key insight of evolutionary psychology in the early 1990s; although evolution favours brains that tend to maximize fitness (as measured by numbers of great-grandkids), no brain has capacity enough to do so under every possible circumstance. As a result, brains must evolve shortcuts: fitness - promoting tricks, cons, recipes and heuristics that work, on an average, under ancestrally normal conditions. Technology is fairly good at controlling external reality to promote real biological fitness , but it's even better at delivering fake fitness - subjective cues of survival and reproduction without the real-world effects.
Fitness-faking technology tends to evolve much faster than our psychological resistance to it. With the invention of Xbox 360, people would rather play a high-resolution virtual ape in Peter Jackson's King Kong than be a perfect-resolution real human. Teens today must find their way through a carnival of addictively fitness-faking entertainment products. The traditional staples of physical, mental and social development - athletics, homework, dating - are neglected. The few young people with the self-control to pursue the meritocratic path often get distracted at the last minute.
Around 1900, most inventions concerned physical reality and in 2005 focus shifted to virtual entertainment. Freud's pleasure principle triumphs over the reality principle. Today we narrow-cast human-interest stories to each other, rather than broadcasting messages of universal peace and progress to other star systems.
Maybe the bright aliens did the same. I suspect that a certain period of fitness-faking narcissism is inevitable alter any intelligent life evolves. This is the Great Temptation for any technological species - to shape their subjective reality to provide the cues of survival and reproductive success without the substance. Most bright alien species probably go extinct gradually, allocating more lime and resources to their pleasures, and less to their children.
Heritable variation in personality might allow some lineages to resist the Great Temptation and last longer. Some individuals and families may start with an "irrational" Luddite abhorrence of entertainment technology, and they may evolve ever more self-control, conscientiousness and pragmatism by combining the family values of the religious right with the sustainability values of the Greenpeace. They wait patiently for our fitness-feeling narcissism to go extinct. Those practical-minded breeders will inherit the Earth as like - minded aliens may have inherited a few other planets. When they finally achieve contact, it will not be a meeting of novel-readers and game-players. II will be a meeting of dead - serious super-parents who congratulate each other on surviving not just the Bomb, but the Xbox.
To which of the following statements would the author of the passage agree the most?
Which among the following would be the best possible explanation for the lack of contact between human beings and aliens'?
Among the following options, which one represents the most important concern raised in the passage?
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
It is sometimes said that consciousness is a mystery in the sense that we have no idea what it is. This is clearly not true. What could be better known to us than our own feelings and experiences? The mystery of consciousness is not what consciousness is, but why it is.
Modern brain imaging techniques have provided us with a rich body of correlations between physical processes in the brain and the experiences had by the person whose brain it is. We know, for example, that a person undergoing stimulation in her or his ventromedial hypothalamus feels hunger. The problem is that no one knows why these correlations hold. It seems perfectly conceivable that ventromedial hypothalamus stimulation could do its job in the brain without giving rise to any kind of feeling at all. No one has even the beginnings of an explanation of why some physical systems, such as the human brain, have experiences. This is the difficulty David Chalmers famously called 'the hard problem of consciousness.
Materialists hope that we will one day be able to explain consciousness in purely physical terms. But this project now has a long history of failure. The problem with materialist approaches to the hard problem is that they always end up avoiding the issue by redefining what we mean by 'consciousness'. They start off by declaring that they are going to solve the hard problem, to explain experience; but somewhere along the way they start using the word 'consciousness' to refer not to experience but to some complex behavioural functioning associated with experience, such as the ability of a person to monitor their internal states or to process information about the environment. Explaining complex behaviours is an important scientific endeavour. But the hard problem of consciousness cannot be solved by changing the subject.
In spite of these difficulties, many scientists and philosophers maintain optimism that materialism will prevail. At every point in this glorious history, it is claimed, philosophers have declared that certain phenomena are too special to be explained by physical science - light, chemistry, life - only to be subsequently proven wrong by the relentless march of scientific progress.
Before Galileo it was generally assumed that matter had sensory qualities: tomatoes were red, paprika was spicy, flowers were sweet-smelling. How could an equationcapture the taste of spicy paprika? And if sensory qualities can't be captured in a mathematical vocabulary, it seemed to follow that a mathematical vocabulary could never capture the complete nature of matter. Galileo's solution was to strip matter of its sensory qualities and put them in the soul (as we might put it, in the mind). The sweet smell isn't really in the flowers , but in the soul (mind) of the person smelling them ... Even colours for Galileo aren't on the surfaces of the objects themselves, but in the soul of the person observing them. And if matter in itself has no sensory qualities, then it's possible in principle to describe the material world in the purely quantitative vocabulary of mathematics. This was the birth of mathematical physics.
But of course Galileo didn't deny the existence of the sensory qualities. If Galileo were to time travel to the present day and be told that scientific materialists are having a problem explaining consciousness in purely physical terms, he would no doubt reply, "Of course they do, I created physical science by taking consciousness out of the physical world!"
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
Which of the following options would most likely be an example of the
hard problem?
Which of the following statements captures the essence of the passage?
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
If history doesn't follow any stable rules, and if we cannot predict its future course, why study it? It often seems that the chief aim of science is to predict the future - meteorologists are expected to forecast whether tomorrow will bring rain or sunshine; economists should know whether devaluing the currency will avert or precipitate an economic crisis; good doctors foresee whether chemotherapy or radiation therapy will be more successful in curing lung cancer. Similarly, historians are asked to examine the actions of our ancestors so that we can repeat their wise decisions and avoid their mistakes. But it never works like that because the present is just too different from the past. It is a waste of time to study Hannibal's tactics in the Second Punic War so as to copy them in the Third World War. What worked well in cavalry battles will not necessarily be of much benefit in cyber warfare. Science is not just about predicting the future, though. Scholars in all fields often seek to broaden our horizons, thereby opening before us new and unknown futures. This is especially true of history. Though historians occasionally try their hand at prophecy (without notable success), the study of history aims above all to make us aware of possibilities we don't normally consider. Historians study the past not in order to repeat it, but in order to be liberated from it. Each and every one of us has been born into a given historical reality, ruled by particular norms and values, and managed by a unique economic and political system. We take this reality for granted, thinking it is natural, inevitable and immutable. We forget that our world was created by an accidental chain of events, and that history shaped not only our technology, politics and society, but also our thoughts, fears and dreams. The cold hand of the past emerges from the grave of our ancestors, grips us by the neck and directs our gaze towards a single future. We have felt that grip from the moment we were born, so we assume that it is a natural and inescapable part of who we are. Therefore we seldom try to shake ourselves free, and envision alternative futures. Studying history aims to loosen the grip of the past. It enables us to turn our head this way and that, and begin to notice possibilities that our ancestors could not imagine, or didn't want us to imagine. By observing the accidental chain of events that led us here, we realise how our very thoughts and dreams took shape - and we can begin to think and dream differently. Studying history will not tell us what to choose, but at least it gives us more options.
Which of the following options is the closest to the essence of the passage?
Based on the passage, which of the following options would be the most appropriate for citizens to learn history?
Read the following sentences:
1. A historian successfully predicted a political crisis based on similar events of the last century.
2. Using the latest technology, doctors could decipher the microbe causing the disease.
3. Students who prepared for an examination by perusing past 10 years' question papers did not do well in the examination.
4. A tribe in Andaman learns to predict epidemic outbreaks by listening to the stories of how their ancestors predicted the past outbreaks.
Which of the statement (s) above, if true would contradict the view of the author?
