Common Tangents to Two Circles

Rarely Tested
Number of common tangents:
- $$d \gt r_1 + r_2$$: 4 tangents (2 direct, 2 transverse)
- $$d = r_1 + r_2$$: 3 tangents
- $$|r_1 - r_2| \lt d \lt r_1 + r_2$$: 2 tangents
- $$d = |r_1 - r_2|$$: 1 tangent
- $$d \lt |r_1 - r_2|$$: 0 tangents
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