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Preparation & Industrial Gases:
$$\text{Laboratory Preparation: } \text{HCOOH} \xrightarrow{\text{Conc. } \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4, \, \Delta} \text{CO} \uparrow + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$
$$\begin{aligned}\text{Water Gas (Synthesis Gas): } \text{C(s)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(g)} \xrightarrow{473\text{--}1273\text{ K}} \underbrace{\text{CO} + \text{H}_2}_{\text{Water Gas}}\end{aligned}$$
$$\text{Producer Gas: } 2\text{C(s)} + \text{O}_2\text{ + } 4\text{N}_2\text{(air)} \xrightarrow{1273\text{ K}} \underbrace{2\text{CO} + 4\text{N}_2}_{\text{Producer Gas}}$$
Concept: $$\text{CO}$$ is a powerful reducing agent that acts as a strong ligand due to $$\sigma$$-donation and $$\pi$$-back acceptance.
