CMAT 2025 Slot 1 Question Paper

Total number of students pursuing specialization in operations, marketing and finance collectively

=$$\dfrac{73}{100}\times\ 3600=2628$$

The total number of students who got placed from all the specialization together

= $$1200$$

So, required percentage = $$\dfrac{1200}{2628}\times\ 100=45.66\ \%\ $$

So, correct answer is option C.

Total number of students pursuing specialization in Business Analytics and HR combined

= $$\dfrac{27}{100}\times\ 3600=972$$

The number of student who got placed from marketing specialization and finance specialization combined

=$$\dfrac{30}{100}\times\ 1200=360$$

So, required difference = $$972-360=612$$

So, correct answer is option D.

Number of students who got placed from the HR specialization = $$\dfrac{11}{100}\times\ 1200=132$$

Number of students studying in HR specialization = $$\dfrac{12}{100}\times3600=432$$

So, required percentage = $$\dfrac{132}{432}\times\ 100=30.56\%$$

So, correct answer is option (B).

$$(A)$$: $$3^{3^{3^{3}}}$$ = $$3^{3^{27}}$$

$$(B)$$: $$3^{(33)^{3}}$$ = $$3^{(33)^{3}}$$

$$(C)$$: $$(3^3)^{33}$$ = $$3^{99}$$

$$(D)$$: $$3^{333}$$

So, the powers of 3 in (A), (B), (C) and (D) are: $$3^{27},33^3,99,333$$ respectively.

Now, we know, $$3^{27}>33^3>333>99$$

So, the powers of $$3$$ in $$(A)>(B)>(D)>(C)$$

So, correct answer is option $$(A)$$

Let the distance travelled by leopard in one step be $$x$$ units.

It is given, distance traversed by leopard in 5 steps is equal to the distance traversed by tiger in 4 steps

So, distance travelled by tiger in one step = $$\dfrac{5x}{4}$$ units.

Now, leopard moved 3 steps and tiger moved 5 steps in the same time.

So, in the same time, leopard is moving $$3\times\ x=3x$$ units.

And, distance travelled by the tiger = $$5\times\ \dfrac{5x}{4}=\dfrac{25x}{4}$$ units.

So, speed ratios of leopard and tiger

= $$\dfrac{3x}{\dfrac{25x}{4}}=\dfrac{12x}{25x}=\dfrac{12}{25}$$

So, number of rounds covered by leopard = $$\dfrac{12}{25}\times\ 100=48$$

In bottle 1 (10 l), syrup and water is in the ratio 2 : 3

So, amount of syrup = 4l and amount of water = 6l.

In bottle 2 (21 l), syrup and water is in the ratio 3 : 4

So, amount of syrup = 9l and amount of water = 12l.

Let, say $$12x$$ l of solution is taken from bottle 3.

So, amount of syrup = $$7x$$ l and amount of water = $$5x$$ l.

So, total amount of syrup = $$4+9+7x=13+7x$$

Total amount of water = $$6+12+5x=18+5x$$ l.

Now, final ratio of syrup and water is 1 : 1

So, $$13+7x=18+5x$$

or, $$7x-5x=18-13$$

or, $$2x=5$$

or, $$x=\dfrac{5}{2}$$

So, amount from third bottle = $$12x=12\times\ \dfrac{5}{2}=30$$ litres.

It is given that the vegetable vendor by means of his false balance defrauds to the extent of 10% in buying goods.

So, if the vegetable vendor is buying 100 gm goods then he is buying 10 gm (10% of 100 = 10) extra good.

So, multiplying factor for profit % in this case = $$\left(1+\dfrac{10}{100}\right)$$

Now while selling, he defrauds to 10% in selling

So, if the vegetable vendor is claiming to sell 100 gm goods then in reality he is selling 90 gm (since, he defrauds 10%)

So, the profit he made = (100-90) gm = 10 gm

So, multiplying factor for profit % in this case = $$\left(1+\dfrac{10}{90}\right)$$

So, overall gain % = $$\left(1+\dfrac{10}{100}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{10}{90}\right)-1=\dfrac{110}{100}\times\ \dfrac{100}{90}-1=\dfrac{11}{9}-1=\dfrac{2}{9}$$

So, gain% = $$\dfrac{2}{9}\times\ 100\%=22\dfrac{2}{9}\%$$

Given, $$x^2 = y + z$$

So, $$x^2+x=x+y+z$$

or, $$x\left(x+1\right)=x+y+z$$

or, $$\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}$$ --->(1)

Similarly, $$y^2 = x + z$$

Adding, $$y$$ to both sides,

$$y^2+y=y+x+z$$

or, $$y\left(y+1\right)=x+y+z$$

or, $$\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{y}{x+y+z}$$ --->(2)

Similarly, $$z^2 = y + z$$

So, $$\dfrac{1}{z+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y+z}$$ --->(3)

Now, adding (1), (2) and (3),

$$\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}=\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=1$$

So, correct answer is option (B).

There are 20 girls in total, out of which two are A and B.

So, out of remaining 18 girls, we need to choose 4 girls so that they can sit between A and B.

Number of ways of choosing these 4 girls = $$^{18}C_4$$

Number of ways of arranging these 4 girls = $$4!$$

Number of ways of arranging the remaining 14 girls = $$14!$$

Also, number of ways in which $$A$$ and $$B$$ can arrange = $$2!$$

So, total number of cases such that there are 4 girls between A and B = $$^{18}C_4\times\ 4!\times\ 14!\times\ 2!$$

Also, number of ways of arranging 20 girls in round table = $$\left(20-1\right)!=19!$$

So, required probability = $$\dfrac{^{18}C_4\times\ 14!\times\ 4!\times\ 2!}{19!}=2\times\ \dfrac{18!}{19!}=\dfrac{2}{19}$$

The ratio in which Reema distributed chocolates = $$\dfrac{1}{2} : \dfrac{1}{3} : \dfrac{1}{5} : \dfrac{1}{8}$$

Now, $$LCM(2,3,5,8) = 120$$

So, the ratio in which Reema distributed chocolates = $$\dfrac{120}{2}:\dfrac{120}{3}:\dfrac{120}{5}:\dfrac{120}{8}=60:40:24:15$$

Let's say the common variable be $$x$$

So, the chocolates distributed by Reema = $$60x, 40x, 24x, 15x$$

So, total number of chocolates distributed = $$60x+40x+24x+15x$$ = $$139x$$

Now for minimum number of chocolates distributed, $$x$$ should be $$1$$.

So, minimum number of chocolates = $$139\times\ 1=139$$

Let's say amount of fertilizer alpha taken be $$a$$ units.

Amount of fertilizer beta taken be $$b$$ units.

Now, ratio of K in alpha = 10% and in final mixture, the ratio is 6%

So,$$\dfrac{10}{100}\times\ a+0=\dfrac{6}{100}\times\ \left(a+b\right)$$

or, $$0.1a=0.06a+0.06b$$

or, $$0.1a-0.06a=0.06b$$

or, $$0.04a=0.06b$$

or, $$\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{6}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}$$

So, let say $$a=3$$ and $$b=2$$

Let say percentage of P in Beta be $$p%$$

So, $$3\cdot\dfrac{70}{100}+2\cdot\dfrac{p}{100}=5\cdot\dfrac{68}{100}$$

or, $$210+2p=340$$

or, $$p=\dfrac{340-210}{2}=\dfrac{130}{2}=65\%$$

So, percentage of P in Beta = $$65\%$$

So, percentage of N in beta = $$\left(100-65\right)\%=35\%$$

So, correct answer is option C.

Let $$T_w$$ be the time taken to walk one way and $$T_r$$ be the time taken to ride one way.

So, $$T_w+T_r=$$ $$4$$ hours $$20$$ minutes

or, $$T_w+T_r=260$$ ---->(1)

Now, it is given, if he walks on both sides, he loses 1 hour

so, $$2T_w=260+60=320$$ ---->(2)

Multiplying equation (1) by 2 and subtracting equation (2) from it,

$$2T_r=520-320=200$$

So, time taken in riding both ways = 200 minutes = 3 hours and 20 minutes.

So, correct answer is option (C).

Let say length of race be $$D$$ metres and speed of $$A$$, $$B$$ and $$C$$ be $$S_A,\ S_B,\ S_c$$ m/s.

Now, A beats B by 30 meters

So, $$\dfrac{S_A}{S_B}=\dfrac{D}{D-30}$$ --->(1)

Also, B beats C by 20 meters

So, $$\dfrac{S_B}{S_C}=\dfrac{D}{D-20}$$ ----->(2)

Also, A beats C by 48 meters.

So, $$\dfrac{S_A}{S_C}=\dfrac{D}{D-48}$$ ---->(3)

Multiplying (1) and (2) and equating with option (3),

$$\dfrac{D}{D-30}\times\ \dfrac{D}{D-20}=\dfrac{D}{D-48}$$

or, $$D\left(D-48\right)=\left(D-30\right)\left(D-20\right)$$

or, $$D^2-48D=D^2-50D+600$$

or, $$50D-48D=600$$

or, $$2D=600$$

or, $$D=300$$ meters

Putting the value of $$D$$ in (1) and (2),

$$\dfrac{S_A}{S_B}=\dfrac{300}{300-30}=\dfrac{300}{270}=\dfrac{10}{9}=\dfrac{50}{45}$$

$$\dfrac{S_B}{S_C}=\dfrac{300}{280}=\dfrac{15}{14}=\dfrac{45}{42}$$

The speed of A, B and C are in the ratio 50 : 45 : 42.

So, the correct answer is option C, statement I is true but statement II is false.

Let say income of Biren and Deepak be ₹ $$x$$ and ₹ $$2x$$

So, income of Anand = ₹ $$(140+x)$$

Income of Chandu = ₹ $$(80+2x)$$

Now, the ratio of Anand's & Chandu's income is 2 : 3

So, $$\dfrac{140+x}{80+2x}=\dfrac{2}{3}$$

or, $$420+3x=160+4x$$

or, $$420-160=4x-3x$$

or, $$x=260$$

So, incomes of Anand, Biren, Chandu and Deepak = $$\left(140+x\right),x,\left(80+2x\right),2x$$

Putting $$x=260$$,

So, incomes of Anand, Biren, Chandu and Deepak = ₹$$400$$, ₹$$260$$, ₹$$600$$, ₹$$520$$

So, option C is the correct answer.

(A): $$\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}$$ = $$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\ 3}+\sqrt{\ 2}}$$

(B): $$\sqrt{4} - \sqrt{3}$$ = $$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\ 4}+\sqrt{\ 3}}$$

(C): $$\sqrt{5} - \sqrt{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{\ 4}}$$

(D): $$\sqrt{2} - 1$$ = $$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{\ 1}}$$

Now, $$\left(\sqrt{\ 5}+\sqrt{\ 4}\right)>\left(\sqrt{\ 4}+\sqrt{\ 3}\right)>\left(\sqrt{\ 3}+\sqrt{\ 2}\right)>\left(\sqrt{\ 2}+1\right)$$

So, $$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\ 5}+\sqrt{\ 4}}<\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\ 4}+\sqrt{\ 3}}<\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\ 3}+\sqrt{\ 2}}<\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\ 2}+1}$$

So, $$D>A>B>C$$

The probability will be $$\dfrac{1}{2}$$ because each coin toss is an independent event. The results of the first four tosses do not influence the outcome of the fifth toss, so the probability of getting a head on the fifth toss remains $$\dfrac{1}{2}$$.

Compound Interest after 3 years = Amount - Principal

= $$P\left(1+\dfrac{r}{100}\right)^3-P$$

= $$1000\left(1+\dfrac{30}{100}\right)^3-1000$$

= $$1000\left(1.3\right)^3-1000$$

= ₹ $$1197$$

Simple Interest after 3 years = $$\dfrac{1000\times\ 30\times\ 3}{100}$$ = ₹ $$900$$

So, required difference =₹ $$\left(1197-900\right)=297$$

So, required percentage = $$\dfrac{297}{900}\times\ 100=33\%$$

Let say the merchant has 100 consignments and let say C.P. of one consignment be ₹ $$x$$.

So, total C.P. = ₹ $$100x$$

Now, 25% consignment was abducted forever by some thieves.

So, remaining consignments = $$100\left(1-\dfrac{25}{100}\right)=75$$

Now, selling price of these 75 consignments = $$75\times\ x\times\ \left(1+\dfrac{20}{100}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{25}{100}\right)=112.5x$$

So, total S.P. = $$112.5x$$

So, profit % = $$\dfrac{112.5x-100x}{100x}\times\ 100\%=12.5\%$$ profit.

Given, equation (B) is: $$20x^2-9x+1=0$$

or, $$20x^2-5x-4x+1=0$$

or, $$5x\left(4x-1\right)-1\left(4x-1\right)=0$$

or, $$\left(5x-1\right)\left(4x-1\right)=0$$

or, $$x=\dfrac{1}{5},\dfrac{1}{4}$$

So, the roots are $$\left(\dfrac{1}{5},\dfrac{1}{4}\right)$$

So, for equation (B), the correct choice is (IV)

So, the correct answer will be between option C and option D.

Now, solving equation (D), $$2x^2+11x+12=0$$

or, $$2x^2+8x+3x+12=0$$

or, $$2x\left(x+4\right)+3\left(x+4\right)=0$$

or, $$\left(x+4\right)\left(2x+3\right)=0$$

or, $$x=-4,-\dfrac{3}{2}$$

So, the roots are $$-4,-\dfrac{3}{2}$$

So, for equation (D), the correct choice is (III)

So, the correct answer is option option (D).

We can see that in the first and the last configuration, we are shown two corners both of which have 2 and 3, and the other side is occupied by 4 and 1 in some order. 

Two adjacent faces only share one edge and two corners.

From this we can deduce that 4 and 1 would be on the opposite faces. 

We can use the other clues to figure out the complete configuration of the cube, and open it to get the following faces:

We can see that face 1 is opposite 4. 

Therefore, Option D is the correct answer. 

It is given clock is set right at 8 am . 
Clock gains 8 mins a day . 

       $$\rightarrow$$ Addition of 8 mins a day is equivalent to adding 1 min per 3 hours . (as in a day there are total 24 hrs). 

Now we are supposed to find the true time when clock shows 11 am on the next day : 
In a span of 24 hours , the clock gains 8 mins.. So, after 24 hrs i.e next day the time on clock would be 8:08 am ..

After this particular time of 8:08 am , lets say after exactly "t" hours the clock shows 11 am .. But we already know that every hour there is $$\ \dfrac{\ 1}{3}$$min increment which is nothing but $$\dfrac{\ 1}{180}\ hr\ $$ per every hour. Hence : 

                                    8:08 am + t + $$\ \dfrac{\ t}{180}$$ = 11:00 am 

                                             t(1+ 0.00555) = 2 hrs 52 mins = 2.866 hrs. 

                                             Therefore, $$t=\dfrac{\ 2.866}{1.0055}=2.850$$ hours. 

Therefore, the original time will be = 8:00 am + 2.850 hrs = 10 : 51 am . 

In the figure, we see that the opposite triangles add up to 20. 19+1, 3+17, 15+5,2+18, 16+4 all add up to 20. Hence following this pattern, the number in the question mark when added to 6 ,should also be 20. 

Hence the number will be 20-6=14.

We are given that B sits at the extreme right end of the row. 

_ _ _ _ _ _ B

We are also given that G is second to the left of B and E sits between G and E. 

_ _ _ _ G E B

Only two people sit between G and F. 

_ F _ _ G E B

D sits third to the left of C, the only possible placement is:

D F _ C G E B

Leaving the final spot for A

D F A C G E B

Now that we have the arrangement, let's look at the statements:

(A) No, D is at the extreme left. 

(B) No, three people (A, C, G) sit between F and E

(C) Yes, C sits in the fourth seat. 

(D) Yes, E is third to the right of A. 

Therefore, only statements C and D are correct. 
Hence, Option C is the correct answer. 

Argument 1 is valid because India needs to invest efforts in harnessing solar energy to meet its energy demands, as it currently relies heavily on fossil fuels, which are non-renewable and exhaustible sources of energy.

Argument 2 is incorrect because harnessing solar energy does not require substantial capital investment, unlike nuclear energy, which demands significantly higher costs.

Cutting the cube into 64 equal pieces is cubes of $$4\times4\times4$$. 

On any face, the number of small cubes that have exactly one painted face are the interior face-centre pieces (not on edges or corners) is equal to $$(n-2)^2$$ . 

As we know from the given data that in a cube there are exactly 3 red painted faces in a cube, so the no of cubes which have one red coloured face only = $$3\times\ (n-2)^2\ =\ 3\left(4-2\right)^2=12$$ . 

After turning left for the second time, the person would be walking in a south direction. Walking 40 m north and then 40 meters south, the vertical displacement would be zero. 

The only net movement would be the person's 20-meter movement to his left, which is in the west direction. 

Therefore, Option D is the correct answer. 

We are asked the individuals who satisfy all the conditions, that is, they are a part of all three groups. 

This would be the overlapping area of the triangle, square and the triangle, which is 3. 

Therefore, Option B is the correct answer 

For A, we know that potatoes should be a proper subset of Vegetables, and meat should not overlap with the set of vegetables. This is represented in II. Making A-II a match. 

For B, Law students and Management students are different groups, some portion of which will be men. The Venn-diagram in IV would be the best representation of this. 

For C, Wheat and Maize are different types of Grains, this would be represented by the Venn-diagram in I would be the most appropriate representation of this. 

For D, Oil fruit and Sugar are different entities altogether with no overlap, making the Venn-diagram in III as its best representation. 

Giving the correct matchings as A-II, B-IV, C-II, D-III

Therefore, Option B is the correct answer. 

The order would be : 
1. First a Crime (C) takes place.
2. Then the police (A) investigates and catch the offender.
3. The case is then presented in court (D) for trial. 
4. The Judgement (E) is passed based on trial. 
5. Finally, Punishment (B) is given as per judgement. 

Therefore, the correct order is : C $$\rightarrow$$ A $$\rightarrow$$ D $$\rightarrow$$ E $$\rightarrow$$ B 

Cotton is mostly grown in black soil, which is ideal for cotton.
Alluvial soils are fertile and good for crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane, but not the primary soil for cotton.

Therefore, Assertion is false and Reasoning is true. 

A chair is a type of furniture (or) we can say that chair is a part of furniture industry. 

So, Shoe will be a type of footwear (or) Shoe is a part of footwear industry. 

Let's check assumption I: It need not necessarily be true. A subjective (written or long-form) paper could be used at present. Hence, assumption I is not implicit. 

Let's check assumption II: Since the chairman of the committee is doing an act with a certain purpose, that is, to improve the examinations, the committee must also aim to improve the admission exams, or else there would be little use in introducing objective-type tests. Hence, assumption II is implicit. 

Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.

The daughter of Arjun's father's wife would be the daughter of Arjun's mother, that is, Arjun's sister. 

The boy Arjun is pointing to is the younger brother (of two brothers) of Arjun's sister. 

The boy would be Arjun and his sister's younger brother. 

Therefore, Option D is the correct answer. 

First term given in the pattern is $$7$$. 
Second term given is $$27$$ which is equal to "$$7(4)-1$$" .   
The next term given is $$107$$, which is equal to "$$27(4)-1$$".
The next term given is $$427$$, which is equal to "$$107(4)-1$$". 

Therefore the next term will be$$=427\left(4\right)-1=1707$$ .

Flood, hurricane and earthquake are natural disasters, while a bomb blast is a man-made mode of destruction. 

Making it the odd one out. 

Therefore, Option D is the correct answer. 

The statement itself is a comment that we keep altering what is in fashion after every few months; it cannot remain static.

Let's look at each conclusion individually:

Conclusion I: This puts the blame on the fashion designers, which is not true. If designers did not know what people liked, the new fashion that gains highlight every six months would not gain that highlight. This option blames the fluid nature of fashion on the designers, which cannot be concluded. 

Conclusion II: This is a valid conclusion to draw. If fashion keeps changing every few months, it would imply that the masses like new things that come to the market occasionally and let go of older fashion trends, implying their susceptibility to novelty. 

Hence, only conclusion II follows. 

Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.

Filling the information we are given in the question, we get the following venn-diagram

We can fill the number of students who could only sing as 40-16-8 = 16
Only Dance as 60-28 = 32
Only Act as 24 - 20 = 4

Giving the number of students who can only perform one of the activities as 52

Therefore, Option B is the correct answer. 

To change an active sentence into the passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. The verb must be changed to a form of the verb "to be" followed by the past participle of the main verb. The tense of the original verb determines the form of "to be" that is used. 

To change the given sentence into the passive voice, "ten books" becomes the subject. Since "ten books" is plural and the tense is simple present, the correct form of the verb "to be" is "are." The past participle of "contain" is "contained." The location "in my school bag" remains unchanged, as the bag is not performing the action but is the place where the books are kept. The correct passive construction is: "Ten books are contained in my school bag."

Option B: This option is incorrect because the preposition "by" implies that the subject (in this case, "my school bag") is actively performing an action on the object ("ten books"). However, a school bag does not perform the action of containing in an active sense; it is simply the location or vessel.

Option C: This sentence is incorrect because "with" implies accompaniment or association rather than containment. Saying that books are "contained with" a bag suggests that both the books and the bag are contained together within something else, which changes the intended meaning .

Option D: This is grammatically incorrect.  "Contained to" is not a standard or meaningful expression in English.

Option A is the correct answer.

Option A uses the simple past tense ("wrote"), while the other three options use the passive voice with "was" + past participle ("was composed," "was written"), which emphasizes the action being completed in the past.

Option A is the correct answer. It follows the proper grammatical structure.

Option B: In this option, "told" should not be followed by "to" — it should be: Lakshman told Sita not to cross the Lakshman Line.
Option C: Here, "said" cannot be followed directly by a person — it needs "to" (Lakshman said to Sita, "...")
Option D: Again, "told" should not have "to" before the person.

Option C is the correct answer.

Option A is incorrect because the phrase "in once" is not grammatically correct. The correct expression would be "at once" to mean immediately.

Option B is wrong due to the incorrect use of the article "a" before the word "anxious," which starts with a vowel sound—so it should be "an anxious hour."

Option D is a distorted version of the common idiom; the standard form is "A drowning man catches at a straw", not just "catches straw," which makes the sentence incomplete and incorrect.

Option B is the correct answer.

The verb "pleased" typically takes the preposition "with" when expressing satisfaction about something.

Option A:  "Pleased at" is less common and typically used with specific events or outcomes (e.g., "pleased at the news"). It is not suitable for describing satisfaction with something.
Option C: "Pleased on" is not a standard phrase in English and is grammatically incorrect in this context.
Option D: "Pleased upon" is also a non-standard form of writing and does not fit here.

The phrase "a fit of the blues" refers to a sudden episode of sadness or low morale. In the context of the sentence, it implies that an athlete cannot afford to be in a state of depression or despondency just before a competition, as it might hinder their performance. Considering the options, "stimulants," "entertainment," and "steroids or drugs" do not relate to a state of sadness; option (d) Depression is the best choice here, as it is the direct meaning of the idiom.

The text states: "Akbar had shifted it to Agra... Jahangir and... Shahjahan continued to (ii) Akbarabad. But now, the Emperor wanted to build a fine new city for his (iii)..."

The "it" that Akbar shifted refers to the "capital" from the first sentence. The logical flow is:

1. The capital was shifted to Agra (Akbarabad).
2. Shahjahan now wants to build a new city to replace it.

Therefore, the new city is intended for the same purpose as Akbarabad, which was the capital.

The most appropriate replacement for (iii) is b) capital.

The passage states that after Akbar made Agra (Akbarabad) the capital, his successors Jahangir and Shahjahan "continued to (ii) Akbarabad." The phrase "continued to" implies they maintained a certain relationship with the city. "Look upon" can mean to regard or consider in a specified way, and in this context, it fits the idea that they continued to use and regard Akbarabad as their capital, which aligns with the historical fact and the passage's narrative before Shahjahan decided to build his new city. 

The other options ("look down" - despise, "look for" - search, "look in" - visit briefly) do not logically fit the context of maintaining a capital city.

The sentence structure "Although Babur and Humayun, __(i)__the Delhi Sultanate..., had considered Delhi to be their capital" sets up a contrast with Akbar, who moved the capital to Agra. The phrase in blank (i) must describe Babur and Humayun's relationship to the "Delhi Sultanate that ruled previously." The logical meaning is that, unlike Akbar, the first two Mughal emperors did the same thing as the previous rulers by keeping the capital in Delhi. "Following the example of" perfectly conveys this idea of emulating the previous administrative practice. The correct choice is therefore option A. 

The other options are illogical: they did not take "orders" from a defunct sultanate, "implement rules as a sultanate, or "read the history" of it in this context.

Option D is the correct answer. (A), (B) and (D) are written in incorrect English.

Statement A: The absence of "the" before "king" makes this sentence grammatically incorrect. In standard English, when referring to a unique title or role like "king" in this context, the definite article "the" is required to indicate specificity. The correct sentence would be: "The lion is the king of beasts" or "The lion is the king of the beasts".

Statement B: Similar to (A), the phrase "queen of flowers" lacks the definite article "the" before "queen." The correct sentence would be: "The rose is the queen of flowers" or "The rose is the queen of the flowers."

Statement C: This is a well-known proverb and is grammatically correct as written. 

Statement D: The sentence uses the indefinite article "a" before "boy," which is incorrect in this context. When introducing a specific noun like "boy" with a restrictive relative clause ("I told you about"), the definite article "the" is required to indicate that the boy is a specific individual being referenced. The correct sentence would be: "This is the boy I told you about."

Option A is the correct answer.

Both sentences use the "be + to + verb" construction, which is the grammatically correct way to indicate planned or scheduled future events, often with a sense of arrangement, obligation, or inevitability.

A compound sentence is one that contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, or, for, but, etc). Let's analyse the sentences one by one:

(A) Her fear is that she may fall ill.
This is a complex sentence with one independent clause ("She may fall ill") and a dependent noun clause ("Her fear is that"). It is not compound.

(B) Sheela is clever, still she does not do well in her studies.
This contains two independent clauses ("Sheela is clever" and "she does not do well in her studies") joined by the conjunctive adverb "still," functioning like a coordinating conjunction. It is compound.

(C) Noel was caught stealing, therefore he was punished. 
This has two independent clauses ("Noel was caught stealing" and "he was punished") linked by "therefore." It is compound.

(D) That animal is either a fish or a serpent.
This is a Compound Sentence because it connects two independent clauses ("That animal is  a fish" and "[that animal is] a serpent") using the coordinating conjunction "either...or".

The correct answer is option b) (B), (C) and (D) only.

If we observe the components:

B and A form a logical pair: "Ravana came in the form" (B) followed by "of an old and infirm sanyasi" (A)

This creates a complete and grammatically sound clause: "Ravana came in the form of an old and infirm sanyasi."

C, E, and D form a block that describes the sequence of Ravana’s action:

C: "and lifting Sita along with"
E: "the piece of ground on which she stood"
D: "put her on his chariot"

Together, these form a continuous and meaningful sequence: "Ravana came in the form of an old and infirm sanyasi and lifting Sita along with the piece of ground on which she stood, put her on his chariot."

The conjunction “and” at the beginning of C indicates it should follow an independent clause which is formed by the B-A pair.

I. Proper Noun: A proper noun is the specific name of a particular person, place, or thing. It always begins with a capital letter.
Sentence A has a proper noun → A. Shri Rama killed Ravana. ("Shri Rama" and "Ravana" are specific names of people.)

II. Collective Noun: A collective noun refers to a group of individuals considered as a single unit.
Sentence B has a collective noun → B. The jury found the prisoner guilty. ("Jury" is a group acting as one.)

III. Abstract Noun: An abstract noun names a quality, idea, or state that cannot be perceived by the senses.
Sentence C has an abstract noun → C. Honesty is the best policy. ("Honesty" is a quality, not a tangible thing.)

IV. Common Noun: A common noun refers to a general name for a person, place, or thing, not specific.
Sentence D has a common noun → D. Cow gives us milk. ("Cow" is a general name for an animal.)

Therefore, the correct answer is Option C) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Option B is the correct answer.

Assertion (A): This is true. Articles (a, an, the) are essential in English grammar for indicating specificity and definiteness. Understanding how to use them is important for fluency and clarity.

Reason (R): This is also true. When subjects (including pronouns) are joined by "and," the verb typically agrees in plural form.
Example: "He and she are going to the market."

Therefore, Both (A) and (R) are true. But, (R) is not the correct explanation for (A). 

Option D is the correct answer.

A) Amicable means friendly or harmonious → (IV) Harmonious

B) Penuary (correct spelling: penury) means extreme poverty → (I) Destitution

C) Imposture means deception or fraud → (II) Deception

D) Solicitous means showing concern or anxiety → (III) Anxious

The phrase "look down upon" means to regard someone with contempt or disdain, often due to their perceived inferiority.

The opposite of this would be to regard someone positively or with affection, which is best expressed by "love" given in Option C. 

The other options—"abhor" (to detest), "be unsympathetic to" (to lack compassion), and "hate" (to strongly dislike)—all convey negative attitudes, which do not oppose the meaning of "look down upon."

Option A is the correct answer. The correct order is D, A, C, B.

Sentence D sets the context by introducing the year 2009 and its major events (national and state elections). Sentence A follows logically, detailing specific political events that occurred during the elections. Sentence C, starting with "It also", adds other notable events that happened in the same year. Sentence B concludes by summarising that these events provided enough material for Khushwant Singh to comment on various topics.

Option A is the correct answer. 

The passage describes a tense scene with Shivaji dismounting, running, and giving a signal for cannons, with his kurta torn and drenched in blood. These details strongly suggest a violent and chaotic setting, consistent with a battlefield.

There are no indications of celebration (e.g., joy, festivities), physical exercise (e.g., training, routine movements), or religious rituals (e.g., prayers, ceremonies) ruling out options B,C and D.

The narrative viewpoint in the given excerpt is third-person.

The passage uses a third person narrative viewpoint because it describes the scene and Shivaji's actions from an external perspective, using third person pronouns like "he" and "his."

It does not use "I" (first person) or "you" (second person), and there is no shift between different narrative perspectives, ruling out a mixed narrative.

Statement I: Frederick Banting and Charles Best are rightly credited with the discovery of insulin in 1921. They successfully extracted insulin from a dog’s pancreas, marking a breakthrough in diabetes treatment. Their discovery revolutionised medicine by providing an effective way to control blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.

Statement II: Insulin plays a vital role in regulating blood glucose levels in the human body. It enables glucose to enter cells, where it is converted into glycogen through the process of glycogenesis for energy storage. Without sufficient insulin, glucose remains in the bloodstream, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and metabolic disorders.

(A) Allauddin Khilji was the founder of the Khilji dynasty of India. This is NOT CORRECT. The Khilji dynasty was founded by Jalaluddin Khilji in 1290. Allauddin Khilji, his nephew and successor, later became the most powerful ruler of the dynasty but was not its founder.

(B) Allauddin Khilji introduced the system of Dagh (The branding of a horse). This is CORRECT. Allauddin Khilji implemented the Dagh system to ensure the quality and authenticity of horses in his army, preventing false claims of cavalry strength by soldiers.

(C) Allauddin Khilji created a post called "Mustakharaj". This is CORRECT. The post of Mustakharaj was established to supervise the collection of revenues and ensure the strict enforcement of financial regulations and reforms.

(D) Amir Khusrau was the favourite court poet of Allauddin Khilji. This is CORRECT. Amir Khusrau, a renowned Sufi poet and scholar, was a close companion and court poet of Allauddin Khilji, composing many works in his praise.

(E) Allauddin Khilji died in the year 1320. This is NOT CORRECT. Allauddin Khilji died in 1316. After his death, the Khilji dynasty began to decline, paving the way for the rise of the Tughlaq dynasty.

The 'Simlipal' Biosphere Reserve is located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India. It is part of the Eastern Ghats and is known for its rich biodiversity, dense forests, waterfalls, and Bengal tiger population.

(A) Mr B.D. Jatti served as the Vice President of India from 1974 to 1979 and also acted as the Acting President for a brief period.

(B) Mr Krishnakant served as the Vice President of India from 1997 to 2002.

(C) Giani Zail Singh was the President of India from 1982 to 1987, not the Vice President.

(D) Mr Venkaiya Naidu served as the Vice President of India from 2017 to 2022.

Therefore, (A), (B), and (D) are the CORRECT options. 

(A) The study of the universe is known as Cosmology. This is CORRECT. Cosmology is the branch of science that deals with the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe.

(B) The study of dreams is known as Oneirology. This is CORRECT. Oneirology specifically refers to the scientific study of dreams and the processes involved in dreaming.

(C) The study of the beauty of humans is known as Osteology. This is NOT CORRECT. Osteology is the study of bones, not human beauty. The study of human beauty is more related to aesthetics or physiognomy.

(D) The study of cells is known as Arthrology. This is NOT CORRECT. Arthrology is the study of joints, while cytology is the correct term for the study of cells.

(E) The study of blood is known as Hepatology. This is NOT CORRECT. Hepatology is the study of the liver, whereas haematology is the study of blood.

Therefore, (A) and (B) are the only correct statements.

Statement I: State Legislatures do not take part in the election of the Vice President. This is CORRECT. Members of State Legislative Assemblies are not part of the Vice-President’s electoral college; only members of Parliament participate in this election. 

Statement II: The electoral college for Vice-President consists of the members of both Houses of Parliament. This is CORRECT. The Vice-President is elected by an electoral college comprising both elected and nominated members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. 

The famous books ‘Ain-i-Akbari’ and ‘Akbarnama’ were written by Abul Fazl, the court historian and close advisor of Emperor Akbar. Akbarnama is a detailed chronicle of Akbar’s life and reign, documenting his administration, wars, and achievements. Ain-i-Akbari is the third volume of Akbarnama. It focuses on the administrative system, revenue, and culture of Akbar’s empire, serving as a key historical source. 

Dassiyattam (or Dasi Attam) is the ancient name of the renowned Indian classical dance BHARATANATYAM. The term means “dance of the dasis (devadasis)” and refers to the tradition of women devoted to temple service in South India, where the dance originated. Over time, this temple art evolved and was refined. In the early 20th century, a revival movement sought to elevate its stature as a classical art form, renaming it Bharatanatyam and transitioning it from temples to stage performances.

The 2028 Olympic Games will be held in Los Angeles, California (USA). The Games are scheduled to take place from July 14 to July 30, 2028.

Cricket is the national game of AUSTRALIA. While it is very popular in India, it is not India's official national game, and Russia has not declared cricket as its official sport. Ping pong (table tennis) is the unofficial national game of China. 

(A) The crust of the Earth comprises rocks rich in Silica and Aluminium. This is CORRECT. The Earth’s crust is primarily made of silicate rocks containing elements like silicon and aluminium, often referred to as sial.

(B) The core of the Earth consists of metals in a liquid state at high temperature and pressure. This is CORRECT. The outer core is liquid, mainly composed of iron and nickel, while the inner core is solid despite high temperatures due to immense pressure.

(C) Magnesium and Phosphorus are dominant in the core of the Earth. This is NOT CORRECT. The core is dominated by iron and nickel, not magnesium or phosphorus, which are more abundant in the mantle and crust.

(D) The Hydrosphere covers approximately 71% of the total surface area of the Earth. This is CORRECT. About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, forming the hydrosphere, while the remaining 29% is land.

(A) Bandipur National Park is located in Kerala. This is NOT CORRECT. Bandipur National Park is in Karnataka, not Kerala, and is famous for its tiger reserve.

(B) Jim Corbett National Park is located in Uttarakhand. This is CORRECT. It is India’s first national park, established in 1936, and is located in Uttarakhand, known for its Bengal tigers.

(C) Dudhwa National Park is located in U.P. This is CORRECT. Dudhwa National Park is in Uttar Pradesh, situated along the Indo-Nepal border, known for swamp deer and tigers.

(D) Gir National Park is located in Rajasthan. This is NOT CORRECT. Gir National Park is in Gujarat, and it is the only natural habitat of the Asiatic lion.

Wankhede Cricket Stadium is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is one of India’s most famous cricket stadiums and has hosted numerous historic matches, including the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup final.

The blue colour of the sky is due to the scattering of light by gas molecules and particles in the atmosphere. Sunlight contains all colours, but the shorter, blue wavelengths are scattered more effectively in all directions than longer wavelengths like red, which is why the sky appears blue to us.

(A) Article 14 -> (III) Equality before law

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution is a Fundamental Right that guarantees to every person Equality before law and Equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. 

(B) Article 21 -> (I) Protection of life and personal liberty

Article 21 is a crucial Fundamental Right which states that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. 

(C) Article 24 -> (II) Prohibition of employment of children in factories

Article 24 falls under the Fundamental Rights against Exploitation and specifically mandates the Prohibition of the employment of children in factories, mines, or any other hazardous employment. 

(D) Article 50 -> (IV) Separation of judiciary from executive

Article 50 is a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) that requires the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State. This separation is vital for ensuring the independence of the judiciary and its ability to function without undue influence from the executive branch.

A) Electrical Energy into mechanical energy -> (III) Electric motor

The electric motor is a device that converts Electrical Energy into mechanical energy. It uses the force produced by an electric current in a magnetic field to cause rotation, which performs mechanical work.

(B) Electrical Energy into Light energy -> (II) Tube light

A tube light (fluorescent lamp) converts Electrical Energy into Light energy (and heat). Electric current excites the gas inside the tube, causing it to emit UV light, which then excites the phosphorus coating to produce visible light.

(C) Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy -> (I) Dynamo

A dynamo (a type of electric generator) converts Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a rotating coil in a magnetic field generates an electric current.

(D) Solar energy into electrical energy -> (IV) Solar cell

A solar cell (photovoltaic cell) converts Solar energy (light energy) into electrical energy. It uses the photovoltaic effect, where light shining on certain materials creates an electric current.

(A) White Revolution is related to Milk production. This is CORRECT. It is related to milk production. It was a major dairy development program in India, also known as Operation Flood, that transformed the country from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer.

(B) Black Revolution is related to Honey production. This is NOT CORRECT. It is related to increasing petroleum and crude oil production to achieve self-sufficiency in the energy sector. It is also associated with biodiesel production through the blending of ethanol with gasoline.

(C) Blue Revolution is related to leather production. This is NOT CORRECT. It is related to fisheries and aquaculture, focusing on increasing fish and aquatic organism production and productivity from both inland and marine sources.

(D) The Yellow Revolution is related to oilseed production. This is CORRECT. It is related to the production of oilseeds, with the primary goal of achieving self-sufficiency in edible oils in India. 

Therefore, (A) and (D) are the only correct statements.

The soil formed by the weathering of a crystalline and metamorphic mixture of clay and sand is Red soil. It is characterised by its high iron oxide content, which gives it its reddish colour. This weathering process primarily occurs on crystalline and metamorphic rocks.

Alluvial soil is formed from the deposition of silt, sand, and clay carried by rivers. It is typically found in river plains and deltas.

Black soil is formed from the weathering of volcanic rocks, particularly basaltic lava flows. It is rich in clay minerals and has a high water-holding capacity.

Laterite soil is formed in tropical areas with high temperatures and heavy rainfall. It is rich in iron and aluminium oxides due to intense leaching.

(A) Temperature -> (III) Kelvin (K)

Temperature is a fundamental physical quantity that measures the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. Its SI unit is the Kelvin (K). 

(B) Mass -> (I) Kilogram (kg)

Mass is a fundamental physical quantity that measures the amount of matter in an object. Its SI unit is the Kilogram (kg). 

(C) Electric current -> (IV) Ampere (A)

Electric current is a fundamental physical quantity that measures the flow of electric charge. Its SI unit is the Ampere (A). 

(D) Length -> (II) Meter (m)

Length is a fundamental physical quantity that measures the extent of an object or the distance between two points. Its SI unit is the Meter (m). 

The first Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of India, General Bipin Rawat, tragically died in a helicopter crash on 8 December 2021 in Tamil Nadu. He was a highly respected military leader, serving as the head of India’s armed forces and playing a key role in modernising the military structure.

The assertion (A) notes that managing technological innovation is circumstantially required with increased vagueness, uncertainty, and risk inherent, but companies are still giving importance to it. The reason (R) attempts to explain it by saying that companies have no choice but to manage technological innovation, as it is the primary way of competition for many companies today. Since the reason (R) offers a valid explanation to the assertion (A) by emphasising the importance of managing innovation to companies, the correct answer is option A.

The assertion (A) notes that bootstrapping, the process of building a business from scratch without attracting investment or with minimal external capital, has become one of the most adopted forms of entrepreneurship in India. It hints at the fact that many Indian entrepreneurs prefer to start their businesses with their own monetary input without taking external capital. The reason (R) attempts to explain (A) by saying that the first and easiest option for an entrepreneur to start a business is by bootstrapping it. Since (R) might be a reason why bootstrapping is the most adopted form of entrepreneurship, it can be said to be a correct explanation. The correct answer, therefore, is option A.

The assertion (A) proposes that India must meet the rising aspirations of its youth as it grows increasingly dependent on skill-based (or knowledge-based) employment. This is explained further in reason (R), which notes that a large swath of India's population falls within the working age group, while being conventionally educated, with only a few being highly trained. The reason (R) explains why India must  focus on the advancement of skills that are relevant to the emerging economic environment. The correct answer, therefore, is option A. Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

The Start-Up India Scheme seeks to empower all of 

(A) Innovators from rural and semi-urban areas.
(B) Women entrepreneurs.
(C) Scheduled Caste (SC) entrepreneurs.
(D) Scheduled Tribes (ST) entrepreneurs.

But marker (A) reads "Innovators for rural and semi-urban areas."

.....

An intrapreneur is an employee who acts like an entrepreneur while working within an established company, using the organisation's resources to develop new products, services, or processes. Statement I is correct. Statement II does not align with this definition, and is incorrect. The correct answer is option C.

A patent is a legal document granting the inventor exclusive rights to an invention, such as a new process or product, for a set period. A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. A trademark is a form of intellectual property that consists of a word, phrase, symbol, design, or a combination that identifies a product or service from a particular source and distinguishes it from others. A trade secret is information that a business keeps confidential to maintain a competitive advantage. 

The term that matches the context is 'trademark'. The correct answer is option C.

Financial institutions are not merely transactional entities but key architects of economic progress. Their roles also span mobilising savings, facilitating capital formation, managing risk, and promoting financial inclusion. Markers (A), (B), and (C) directly follow. The correct answer, therefore, is option B.

An intrapreneur is an employee tasked with developing innovative ideas or projects within a company. In contrast, an entrepreneur is an individual who creates and/or invests in one or more businesses, bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the gains. A venture capitalist is an investor who provides capital to early-stage, high-growth potential companies in exchange for equity (ownership). VCs often offer business expertise and guidance in addition to funding, typically investing in privately held companies that are not yet ready to go public. A distributor acts as an intermediary in the supply chain, purchasing products in bulk from manufacturers and selling them to retailers or end consumers.

The most suitable pairing based on the summary provided above is in option C, which is the correct answer.

A revenue model focuses on evaluating channels and revenue systems to analyse gains further. Market segmentation involves an analysis of consumer groups to create product categories and segments better. SWOT analysis (Strength - Weakness - Opportunity - Threat) is a critical evaluation method to assess a business strategy or current startup standing. A business incubator hosts the incubation of startups, which essentially refers to nurturing startups that are in their early stages.

Based on this summary, the most suitable pairing is provided in option D.

Seed stage funding is the initial capital a startup receives to get from the idea stage to a viable business model, typically used for product development, market research, and initial operations. For various reasons, including investor interests and startup maturity, it is usual for startups to have lower valuations during the seed funding stage. Statement I is correct. Additionally, the earliest funding stages for a startup often involve internal resources or personal networks before a company can attract a Venture Capital firm. Statement II is incorrect. The correct answer is option C.

Venture capital financing is a type of private equity investing specific to earlier-stage businesses that require capital. In return, the investor receives an equity stake in the business through the issuance of some type of security instrument. The financing is naturally high risk as the involved businesses are still in the nascent stage.

Statements A and B both align with the summary above. Statement C talks about blue-chip companies and is irrelevant. Statement D also aligns with the discussion on high risk. Statement E narrows down the ambit of venture capital financing to technology projects, and is wrong. 

The correct answer is option B.

Option A, although not the definition of an entrepreneur, captures the core drive of an entrepreneur. Options B and C are incorrect; an entrepreneur neither works for a firm nor a company, nor takes instructions as a subordinate. Option D, although somewhat true, is not true exclusively of entrepreneurs. The correct answer is option A.

Equity financing is the process of raising capital for a business by selling shares of ownership to investors. A strategic alliance is a formal agreement between two or more independent companies to work together and share resources to achieve common business objectives. An entrepreneurial mindset requires cultivating innovative ideas that are feasible, useful, and original. A break-even point refers to a point where the cost-to-revenue ratio is 1:1, i.e. when there's no profit or loss.

The correct pairings, therefore, are

1. Equity Financing: Selling ownership shares
2. Strategic Alliance: Partnership for mutual shares
3. Entrepreneurial mindset: Innovative thinking
   
4. Break-even point: No profit, no loss.

Option C is the correct answer.

The Lean Startup method is a strategy in product development that relies on rapid iteration, validated learning, and customer feedback to determine if a business model is viable and to reduce risk. Statement I is clearly false as it goes against rapid iteration. Statement II is true. The core of the lean startup method is the "Build-Measure-Learn" feedback loop, where a company builds a minimum viable product (MVP), measures its performance with real customers, and learns from the results to decide whether to improve or "pivot" the product or business plan. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Let's define each of the terms in the options as follows: 

1. Series Funding: A structured, multi-stage process where a startup company raises capital from investors through a series of funding rounds.
2. Angel Investment: An individual who provides capital to a budding business or businesses, including early startups, usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity. 
3. Corporate bonds: Debt securities issued by companies to raise capital for various purposes, such as expansion or operational costs. When an investor buys a bond, they are lending money to the company and, in return, receive regular interest payments (coupons) and the return of the principal.
4. Initial Public Offering (IPO): An IPO (initial public offering) is the first time a business raises finance publicly. Before that, it can only use private investment.

The most suitable answer for "funding sources is specifically aimed at helping early-stage startups" is option B, 'angel investment'.

Cost-benefit analysis is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives. It is used to determine options that provide the best approach to achieving benefits while preserving savings in, for example, transactions, activities, and functional business requirements.

An understanding of transport projects as least affected by other factors and most by cost-to-revenue ratios would underscore the importance of CBA. Statements I and II are both correct. The correct answer, therefore, is option A.

Feasibility analysis involves assessing a business idea in detail to determine whether or not it is viable. It consists of studying costs and activities required to set up and run a business, and how to make an informed decision about whether to start a business (based on its viability) and how to do it (based on both viability conditions and costs).

Statements (A) and (B) follow the idea of feasibility as discussed above and are both correct. Statement (C) mentions time span, which is irrelevant. Statement (D) talks about performance and is also unrelated to feasibility. Sentence (E) discusses strategy and is also irrelevant.

The correct answer, therefore, is option C.

Creativity is employing original ideas in creating something worthwhile. If a process is not useful, however novel the idea may be, it can pass off as imagination. In essence, 'usefulness' in this context can be defined as being a combination of feasibility and impact. In a business or entrepreneurship context, creativity can lead to the birth of new products or new startups, which are both valuable. Statement I is correct.

Statement I highlights the definitive meanings of creativity. Statement II dives into what influences creativity. It mentions creativity to be a "complicated and multidimensional concept with many components," influenced by knowledge, cognition, personality, intelligence and motivation. These are all factors that also influence individual capacity for thought, and by implication, creativity. Statement II is also correct. 

The correct answer, therefore, is option A.

A Fabian entrepreneur is an entrepreneur who is cautious and sceptical of new or innovative ways of doing business or is reserved in adopting new technology. This is best captured in B, which is the correct answer.