XAT 2021 Question Paper

$$\log_4mn=\log_2(m+n)$$ 

$$\sqrt{\ mn}=(m+n)$$

Squarring on both sides

$$m^2+n^2+mn\ =\ 0$$

Since m, n are positive real numbers, no value of m and n satisfy the above equations.

Let the number of eggs bought = 9x+2

number of eggs left after throwing away 2 = 9x

number of eggs kept in fridge = 5x

number of eggs brought to his mothers' house = 4x

number of eggs left after cooking 2 which are kept in fridge = 4x-2

Given, 4x-2 <=5

=> x$$\le\frac{7}{4}$$

Hence the max value of x is 1

Max number of eggs bought = 11

Let the total amount be 3x

Case 1: 

Smaller amount = x, rate of interest = 10

Larger amount = 2x, rate of interest = 5

Total amount received at the end of two years( smaller amount) = $$x\left(1+\frac{10}{100}\right)^2\ =\ 1.21x$$. CI = 0.21x

Total amount received at the end of two years( larger amount) = $$2x\left(1+\frac{5}{100}\right)^2\ =\ 2.205x$$   CI = 0.205x

Given, 0.21x + 0.205x = 830

=> x = 2000

2x= 4000

Case 2:

Smaller amount = x, rate of interest = 20

Larger amount = 2x, rate of interest = 10

Total amount received at the end of two years( smaller amount) = $$x\left(1+\frac{20}{100}\right)^2\ =\ 1.44x$$. CI = 0.44x

Total amount received at the end of two years( larger amount) = $$2x\left(1+\frac{10}{100}\right)^2\ =\ 2.42x$$ CI = 0.42x

Given, 0.44x+0.42x = 830

=> x = 965.11 which is not valid since it should be greater than 1000

Number of white phones = 2

Number of black phones = 2

Number of red phones = 1

customer 1 will have 3 choices

customer 2 will have 3 choices

customer 3 will have 3 choices

Hence total choices = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27

The cases not possible = BBB, RRR,WWW, RRB,RBR,BRR, RRW,RWR, WRR

Possible cases = 18

Probability = 18/27 = 2/3

The difference between the hour and minute hand of a clock is given by $$\left|30H-5.5m\right|$$. Here H is the current hour and m represents the number of completed minutes in the current hour.

In the given time frame of 2: 30 to 3: 00 pm.

At 2 : 30 pm the angle = $$\left|30\cdot2-5.5\cdot30\right|\ =\ 105\ \deg rees$$

At 3: 00 pm the angle = $$\left|30\cdot3-5.5\cdot0\right|\ =\ 90\ \deg rees$$

The function of $$\left|30\cdot H-5.5\cdot m\right|\ =\ $$ constantly increases as the value of m increases from 31, 32................ 59.

Because of the modulus function, the net value of the function remains positive

Between 2: 30 to 2: 59 the angle is constantly increasing. The minimum value is 2: 30 which is equal to 105 degrees which is greater than the 90 degrees when the time is 3: 00.

Hence 90 degrees is the minimum angle.

Let us assume there are three buses, each carrying 30 passengers.

Now it is given that one-third of the buses from City A to City B stop at City C, while the rest go non-stop to City B. This means that one bus stops at C while two buses go directly to B. This means that $$2\times 30=60$$ passengers directly reach to B.

For the buses that stops at C, One-third of the passengers continue to City B, that is 10 passengers in each bus continue to city B, while the rest alight at City C. Since there is only one bus which stops at city C, this means that $$1\times 20=20$$ passengers alight at C, while $$1\times 10=10$$ passengers travel from city C to city B.

We are asked what proportion of the passengers going to City B from City A travel by a bus stopping at City C. So, in total, we can see the total number of passengers who are travelling to City B is 70, while the number of passengers travelling by the buses that stop at City C is 10.

So, the proportion of the passengers going to City B from City A who travel by a bus stopping at City C = $$\dfrac{10}{70}=\dfrac{1}{7}$$

Based on the information, the following figure can be obtained.

Given, CE=0.5, BC = 1.3 and ED=2.5

Triangle CEB is a right-angled triangle => EB = 1.2

$$\triangle\ $$ ECB is similar to $$\triangle\ $$ EDA

EB/EC = AE/ED  => AE = 6

Hence total distance travelled = AB + BC + CD = 7.2 + 1.3 + 3 = 11.5km

$$\frac{f\left(x\right)}{g\left(x\right)}=\frac{\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2-1}\cdot\frac{\left(x-1\right)}{x+1}=\frac{\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}$$

This function is definitely greater than 0

$$let\ y=\frac{\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}$$

=> $$x^2\left(y-1\right)+2yx+\left(y-1\right)=0$$ which is quadratic in x

Disctiminant should be greater than 0

$$4y^2-4\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0$$

=> y>=1/2

When x =1, f(x)/g(x) = 1/3

Hence either the value should be greater than 1/2 or should be equal to 1/3

Let the speed of the stream be x

$$\frac{12}{5-x}=\frac{12}{5+x}+1$$

The value of x satisfying the above equation is 1

Now,

$$\frac{N}{5+1}+\frac{N}{5-1}\ge2$$

$$\frac{2N+3N}{12}\ge2$$

=> $$N\ge4.8$$

Sum of 3rd row = sum of 2nd column

=> 2x+4y = y+2z-1 

=> 2x+3y-2z= -1 ------- (A)

Sum of diagonals are also equal

=> 3x+4y+z-1 = y+z+2x+y+z

=> x+2y-z=1 -----(B)

Solving A and B we get y= 3

Putting it in A, we get x-z = -5 ----- (C)

Sum of 1st row = sum of 2nd column

5x+5y+z = 3x+4y+2z

=> 2x +y - z =0

Since y=3, 2x-z = -3 ------ (D)

Solving C and D we get x=2 and z=7

Hence N = 36

Let speed of deer = 5steps/second and speed of tiger = 6 steps/sec

Let deer cover 1 m in a step => tiger covers 2/3 m in a step

Hence speed of deer = 5m/s and spped of tiger = 6 x 2/3 m/s = 4m/s

Hence time taken by a deer to catch tiger = 40 seconds

Distance travelled by deer in 40 seconds = 5 x 40 =200 steps

Total percentage incentive when number of team members = 1 = 100%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =2 =160%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =3=180%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =4= 190%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members >4 = 200%

From 1, Number of people in 8 different projects = 6, 3, 3,3,3, 2,2,2 respectively

From 2, Given, exactly three projects are rated C and 4.8 lakh is paid in total

A minimum of 3 lakhs has to be paid for rating C => 3 *1.6 = 4.8lakhs => All 2 member teams have been rated C

From 3, one project has been rated A*. Let that project be handled by the team of 3 members => Incentives = 180% of 6 = 10.8 lakh

Now remaining 6,3,3,3 should be either rated A or B and the total incentives should be equal to 45 - 10.8-4.8 = 29.4 lakhs

Let us assume 6 has been rated B => Incentives = 200% of 3 = 6 lakhs

The remaining 23.4 lakhs should come from 180%. $$\frac{23.4}{1.8}=13\ lakhs$$

Hence the remaining 3,3,3 can be rated as A, A, B

Hence final ratings are and total payouts are

6 - B - 6lakhs

3- A - 9 lakhs

3-A - 9 lakhs

3-B - 5.4 lakhs

3-A* - 10.8lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

Total percentage incentive when number of team members = 1 = 100%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =2 =160%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =3=180%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =4= 190%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members >4 = 200%

From 1, Number of people in 8 different projects = 6, 3, 3,3,3, 2,2,2 respectively

From 2, Given, exactly three projects are rated C and 4.8 lakh is paid in total

A minimum of 3 lakhs has to be paid for rating C => 3 *1.6 = 4.8lakhs => All 2 member teams have been rated C

From 3, one project has been rated A*. Let that project be handled by the team of 3 members => Incentives = 180% of 6 = 10.8 lakh

Now remaining 6,3,3,3 should be either rated A or B and the total incentives should be equal to 45 - 10.8-4.8 = 29.4 lakhs

Let us assume 6 has been rated B => Incentives = 200% of 3 = 6 lakhs

The remaining 23.4 lakhs should come from 180%. $$\frac{23.4}{1.8}=13\ lakhs$$

Hence the remaining 3,3,3 can be rated as A, A, B

Hence final ratings are and total payouts are

6 - B - 6lakhs

3- A - 9 lakhs

3-A - 9 lakhs

3-B - 5.4 lakhs

3-A* - 10.8lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

Total percentage incentive when number of team members = 1 = 100% 

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =2 =160%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =3=180%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members =4= 190%

Total percentage incentive when the number of team members >4 = 200%

From 1, Number of people in  8 different projects = 6, 3, 3,3,3, 2,2,2 respectively

From 2, Given, exactly three projects are rated C and 4.8 lakh is paid in total

A minimum of 3 lakhs has to be paid for rating C => 3 *1.6 = 4.8lakhs => All 2 member teams have been rated C

From 3, one project has been rated A*. Let that project be handled by the team of 3 members => Incentives = 180% of 6 = 10.8 lakh

Now remaining 6,3,3,3 should be either rated A or B and the total incentives should be equal to 45 - 10.8-4.8 = 29.4 lakhs

Let us assume 6 has been rated B => Incentives = 200% of 3 = 6 lakhs

The remaining 23.4 lakhs should come from 180%. $$\frac{23.4}{1.8}=13\ lakhs$$

Hence the remaining 3,3,3 can be rated as A, A, B

Hence final ratings are and total payouts are 

6 - B - 6lakhs

3- A - 9 lakhs

3-A - 9 lakhs

3-B - 5.4 lakhs

3-A* - 10.8lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

2-C - 1.6 lakhs

From the given data the following table can be created:

Hence the value of x=10

From the given data the following table can be created:

Hence the value of x=10

From the given options, number of neutral first time female shoppers are the least

From the given data the following table can be created:

Hence the value of x=10

All the values can be uniquely determined

Since A, B and C are adjacent faces. If we remove them, the resultant solid will also be a cube with side 5.

Hence total number of cubes unpainted = $$5^3$$ = 125

We will try to maximize the value of the angle ACD:

For a fixed triangle ABC, the angle ACD can be maximized when we take the median CD to be perpendicular to AB and the value of AC is as small as possible, so that the sine of angle ACD, and hence, the angle ACD itself if maximized, as the value of AD is fixed at half of AB at 0.5.

Now, the least possible value of AC is 2. The triangle will be of sides (1,2,2).

Value of sin(ACD)=$$\frac{0.5}{2}=0.25$$

$$\angle\ ACD=\sin^{-1}\left(0,25\right)=14.78\approx\ 15.$$

Since $$x^2-y^2=20$$ and x,y,z are positive integers, 

(x+y)*(x-y) = 20, Hence x-y, x+y are factors of 20.

Since x, y are positive integers, x+y is always positive, and for the product of (x+y)*(x-y)  to be positive x-y must be positive.

x, y are positive integers and x-y is positive x must be greater than y.

The possible cases are : (x+y = 10, x-y = 2), (x+y = 5, x-y = 4).

The second case fails because we get x =9/2, y = 1/2 but x, y are integral values

For case one x = 6, y = 4.

$$y^3 - 2x^2 - 4z \geq -12$$

Substituting  the values of x and y, we have :

64 - 72 - 4*z $$\ge\ -12$$

 -8 - 4*z $$\ge\ -12$$

z$$\le\ 1$$

Since x, y, z are positive integers, the only possible value for z is 1.

Flight become znmorl

Let's assume $$k>3$$

So flight will become thgilf -> znmrol. Hence the value of k will be 6

There are 5 ladies whose weights are 50 or above

There ages are 50,50, 70,60 and 80 

Average = 310/5 = 62

For the highest BMI, weight should be as high as possible and height as little as possible.

Hence it is possible with the person with a weight of 69 kg and a height of 1.6m

His BMI will be $$\frac{69}{\left(1.6\right)^2}=27$$

The BMI of 1st oldest person= $$\frac{40}{\left(1.5\right)^2}=\ 17.77$$

The BMI of next oldest person = $$\frac{61}{\left(1.75\right)^2}=19.9$$

Let ED = $$\sqrt{\ 3}x$$
In triangle CDE, $$\tan\ 30\ =\ \frac{CD}{\sqrt{\ 3}x}$$ => CD = x

In triangle BDE, $$\tan\ 45\ =\ \frac{BD}{\sqrt{\ 3}x}$$ => BD = $$\sqrt{\ 3}x$$ => BC = $$\sqrt{\ 3}x\ -x$$

In triangle ADE, $$\tan\ 60\ =\ \frac{AD}{\sqrt{\ 3}x}$$ => AD = 3x => AB = $$3x\ -\ \sqrt{\ 3}x$$

AB : BC : CD = $$(3 - \sqrt 3) : (\sqrt 3 - 1) : 1$$

We know that radius of circle P is 2 cm 

Length of MO = 1 cm

radius of circle R = AO = $$\sqrt{\ 2^2-1^2}$$ = $$\sqrt{\ 3}$$

Area of overlap between the circle R and P(shaded region) = semi circle area of R + area of segment ANBOA

Area of segment ANBOA = area of sector ANBM - area of triangle AMB

                                        = $$\frac{120}{360}\pi\ \left(2\right)^2$$ - $$\frac{1}{2}\left(1\right)\left(2\sqrt{\ 3}\right)$$

                                        = $$\frac{4\pi}{3}-\sqrt{\ 3}$$

Area of overlap between circle R and P = $$\frac{\pi\ \left(\sqrt{\ 3}\right)^2}{2}$$+ $$\frac{4\pi}{3}-\sqrt{\ 3}$$

                                                               = $$\ \frac{\ 17\pi\ }{6}-\sqrt{\ 3}$$

Answer is option E.

All the four friends will meet at the starting point after LCM(60,90,40,80) = 720 seconds.

Number of laps by A in 720 seconds = 12

Number of laps by B in 720 seconds = 8

Number of laps by C in 720 seconds = 18

Number of laps by D in 720 seconds = 9

Together they complete = 47 laps

Let the 6 digit number be  _ _ _ 42_

It is divisible by 2,3,5,7,11,13

Since the number is divisible by both 2 and 5 the last digit of the number must be 0.

The number is also divisible by 3, 7, 11, and 13.

Hence the number must also be divisible by 7*11*13.

=7*11*13 = 1001.

A number which is a multiple of 1001 is of the form abcabc.

This is because abc*(1001) = abc*(1000+1) = abc000 + abc = abcabc.

Hence the number is 420420.

The first digit is 4.

The given excerpt is about what different countries in the Middle East and North Africa are doing about Climate Change.

Sentence 3 introduces the topic by saying that the mentioned countries can do little about climate change.

Sentence 5 mentions the reason for the above problem.

Statement 1 says that some countries are at least trying.

Sentences 2 and 4 build on the above idea by mentioning the projects in Morocco and Saudi Arabia.

Thus, the correct sequence is 3-5-1-2-4.

The answer is option D.

4 is the opening statement as it introduces the idea of using behavioural models in finance. Hence, options B and D are eliminated.

1-3-2 forms a logical sequence as 1 introduces the "efficient market hypothesis", 3 contradicts 1 by giving the example of "asset price bubbles". Statement 2 talks further about the phenomenon.

Statement 5 builds up on 2 by talking about the "irrational exuberance" referring to the "investors bidding up" in 1.

Thus, the required sequence is 4-1-3-2-5.

A tag question is a short question at the end of a sentence, generally to seek confirmation or agreement. 

While all other options have appropriate question tags, option D has an incorrect one. The tag question's subject, "it," does not match the main clause's subject, "he." 

A more appropriate tag here would be "doesn't he?"

Therefore, Option D is the correct answer. 

We can see that the last two words are "new and "innovative" in some order. 
It would make more sense to say that they introduce innovative products and open up new markets, than the other way around. 

Narrowing us down to options B and D. 

Option B has "while they introduce", implying a contradiction down the line, which never comes in the sentence, eliminating the option. 

This leaves us with option D, which says that while start-ups have limited reach when they introduce innovative products, they open up new markets. Making a coherent sentence. 

Therefore, Option D is the correct answer. 

"This is noteworthy, given that the ability to invent fictional stories may have been the last and most crucial stage in the evolutionary history of human language and the development of modern-like patterns of cognition”

Thus, the paintings will help us put a timeframe to the evolution of modern-like patterns of cognition. Thus, the correct option is A.

The passage primarily deals with the two ways our attitudes help us in realising the truth of life: " It guides our attempts to establish relations with the universe either by conquest or by union"

Which is stated in option A. 

Looking at the other options:

Option B: The text does not claim that one way is better than the other, and hence, this can be easily eliminated. 

Option C: It slightly distorts what is given in the text. Our habits/attitudes make us either conquer the world or be one with it, and that union or conquest determines the truth about our lives. 

Option D: The passage is not dealing with the idea of war and conquest. The conquest in the text is not literal but along the mental and spiritual lines. 

Option E: This form of correlation is also not implied in the text and can be eliminated easily. 

Therefore, Option A is the correct answer. 

The passage states: "an attitude which is formed by our habit of dealing with it according to the special circumstance of our surroundings and our temperaments"

The attitude which is formed by how we habitually deal with our surroundings. 

Looking at the options:

Option A: This captures the explanation given by the passage most aptly; it is the way we deal with our surroundings that guides our way forward. 

Option B: This is not a point discussed in the passage and can easily be eliminated. 

Option C: "Deals with the universe" is also an idea not presented as a factor in realising the truth. 

Option D: Although close, the emphasis of the passage is not on the surroundings but on the attitude we have towards how we deal with our surroundings. 

Option E: This, too, although close, is not simply our attitude of mind but our attitude towards our surroundings; this option misses the key idea of surroundings, which is the main focus of the text. 

The author mentions this because it is related to the main idea of the final paragraph: that when phones were connected to walls, we would let them ring if we were busy, but now that they are with us at all times, we are expected to reply no matter what. 

The author exemplifies this with the meeting example. Now, you pick up and say that you are in a meeting because you have your phone and can actually reply. If it were a landline, no one would expect you to reply. This is best captured in option E. 

Option A is not a point the author wants to make. The passage also does not present the illusion of business (Option B). Option C might be accurate, but it is not mentioned or implied in the passage and is not of the author's concern. Option D is not implied in the passage.  

“Now more people have cell phones than have toilets.” By this, the author implies that even the people who don't have toilets available to them have access to smartphones, making it so that there are now no reasons not to reply to a call. 
We are to find the intention behind the author's statement. It can be understood that the author is saying that people want to be connected at all times now, making phones more prevalent and common than a basic necessity like a toilet. 

Let's take a look at the options:

Option A: This most closely captures the reason behind the author writing the sentence. The author wants to convey that people will be connected and reach out to each other at their whim. Is so pronounced that even people who do not have access to toilets have somehow managed access to cellphones. 

Option B: The statement has little to do with the "need to be connected" and more to do with the idea and use of cell phones themselves 

Option C: While taken in solitude this might seem like a good options but we an see from the rest of the passage that the author is not really presenting cell phones as a necessity but rather a choice which people ar making, such as picking up the phone during a meeting. The sentence in context also does not talk about necessity but the priorities that people have now 

Option D:This is way too limited in scope. Further, the author does not talk about the tie of use but access. 

Option E: Although this statement would be true, and the author would agree with this, this is not the purpose or the intention behind the sentence.  The sentence has to do more with the prevalence than the sheer number. 

 Therefore, Option A is the correct answer. 

The last line of the first paragraph is, "Instead of reaping the big rewards that come from sustained, focused effort, we reap empty rewards from completing a thousand little sugarcoated tasks."

Essentially, this means that if we focused, we would be able to complete a task, but the rush of these small, insignificant tasks (like checking your phone) in companiesgives the feeling of completing tasks when you have actually done nothing. 

Option A: "Thousands of tasks" is an exaggeration, so the option should be eliminated. 

Option B: While this is close, this is opposite to what the text says: multitasking makes you feel like you are moving towards different goals. 

Option C: Happiness and satisfaction are broad terms; the passage only deals in terms of dopamine releases. 

Option D: This option most aligns with the passage's ideas. 

Option E: This is similar to option D but vaguer in nature and doesn't capture the concept of the illusion of doing tasks when accomplishing nothing. 

Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.

In this question, we are to find the statement that cannot be inferred from the passage. 

Reading through the options, we see that most statements are hinted in the passage about ancestors of Homo sapiens using numbers to their advantage. and it gave them a significant benefit in their survival.  Option D, however, is an extreme statement. 

It would be incorrect to say that they relied solely on numbers. They might have used numbers to determine whether to attack, but that can not be said to be the only parameter they considered. 

Hence, we cannot infer Option D from the passage above. 

In the last paragraph, it is given that bacteria vote with signalling molecules, the vote gets counted, and if a certain threshold (the quorum) is reached, every bacterium responds. This is called quorum sensing. All bacteria use this sort of quorum sensing to communicate their cell number indirectly via signalling molecules.

Option A: The passage does not present the idea of multiplying being related to the current population. 

Option B: "Chat" is something that is not in line with what is presented in the passage. 

Option C: Communicating only in numerical terms can not be said to be true, and the definition of quorum sensing. 

Option D: It is not clear whether they communicate beyond certain numbers. They signal only beyond a certain number. 

Option E: This is the most appropriate description of the idea presented in the passage about bacteria responding in some manner when there are enough bacteria. 

Therefore, Option E is the correct answer. 

The passage discusses the evolutionary significance of numerical competence in animals and bacteria for survival, emphasizing how processing numbers provides benefits in various aspects of life, such as exploiting food sources, hunting prey, avoiding predation, navigating in habitats, and engaging in social interactions. It specifically talks about how bacteria use numerical information (cell numbers) through a process called quorum sensing to coordinate their behaviour.

Option A appears to be more of a metaphorical statement about the collaborative effort required to achieve complex tasks than a statement about the practical application/benefits of numerical competence. Similarly, Option B is in line with the idea of using numerical information (the number of players on a team) to understand the advantage or disadvantage in a sports context; it reflects the concept of numerical competence, as discussed in the passage. Option C aligns with the passage's idea that representing numbers can enhance an entity's ability to influence or interact with others, in this case, politicians using numerical support to sway undecided voters. Option D matches with the idea in the passage - we are told that processing numbers offers benefits in social interactions: this statement corresponds to the idea that large numbers in protests can be a strategy to amplify voices and draw attention. Option E also aligns with the discussion - the concept of countries deploying forces in response to the numerical actions of other countries aligns with the broader theme of using numerical information for strategic decision-making, similar to how animals use numbers for survival.

Based on the above, we identify that Options B, C, D, and E are considered relevant because they are consistent with the passage's focus on the benefits of numerical competence in various contexts. Contrarily, it is unclear how Option A ties in with the idea that the passage is trying to convey.

The passage's main idea is that nature favors some, and life on earth can be considered a competition. 

Option A: Although the passage talks about Brutal competition, 'survival of fittest' is not within the scope of the passage. 

Option B: The planet being flooded with the weak is also now what the paragraph is trying to convey. 

Option C: This is the opposite of what is presented in the passage. 

Option D: Although the idea is somewhat present in the passage, it is the secondary thought, with the primary being that of the inherent competition. 

Option E: This is in line with the paragraph's main point, that the entirety of life on earth can be considered a vast, long-term experiment in pure competition. 

Therefore, Option E is the correct answer. 

Option A: This is a distorted version of the main point of the passage. Thus, this is not the correct option.

Option B: This option is incomplete and has no mention of the laying off part.

Option C: This option aptly captures the essence of the passage and hence is the correct choice.

Option D: This is a distorted inference and hence is not a correct option.

Option E: This option misses the future aspirations of the company and hence is not the correct option.

Thus, the correct option is C.

The main motive of paragraph 2 is to reassure the employees of a better and promising future, and since only D captured this thought,

The correct option is D.

The poem is about pausing work and important conversations for a moment and enjoying another person’s company.

Since only option E aptly catches the essence of the poem,

The correct option is E.

In the last lines of the poem, the author asks her/his partner to sit with her/him without caring about anything else around them.

Grackles are also mentioned to exemplify the context of the situation.

Since only option D conveys a similar meaning,

The correct option is D.

"Instead, the lives of men have been taken to represent those of humans overall. When it comes to the lives of the other half of humanity, there is often nothing but silence.

And these silences are everywhere[...] They are all marked—disfigured—by a female-shaped 'absent presence'. This is the gender data gap."

It can be understood from the above lines that 'absent presence' is used to showcase the value of women as a part of humanity. Although present, they are specifically not recognized as part of it. The presence of the gender data gap shows something is missing; in essence, something is missing (the presence of women in these narratives) is specifically felt as they are currently absent, hence absent presence. 

Let's take a look at the options: 

Option A: This is exactly what the idea of absent presence means in the context of the passage.

Options B, C and D suffer from the same issue: they focus on the magnitude of absence, whereas the text is focused on the specific nature of absence; it is not that many views were not part, only the part from the perspective of women were missing. This specific nature of the data absence makes it so that it becomes present in the conversation. 

Option E: This is too literal and not what the passage is talking about, and hence can be easily eliminated. 

Therefore, Option A is the correct answer. 

"One of the most important things to say about the gender data gap is that it is not generally malicious, or even deliberate[...] A double not thinking, even: men go without saying, and women don't get said at all. Because when we say human, on the whole, we mean man.".

Option A: This is refuted in paragraph 4 of the passage.

Option B: This is nowhere stated or implied in the passage.

Option C: The gender data gap is not amplified by data-based decision-making; rather, it can lead to incomplete deductions and half-truths. Thus, this is not the correct option.

Option D: The deadly consequences part is refuted in paragraph 4 of the passage.

Option E: Since this can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage,

The correct option is E.

"We must discuss each question within the uncertainties that are allowed. And as evidence grows it increases the probability perhaps that some idea is right or decreases it. But it never makes absolutely certain one way or the other"

From the above lines, the author wants us to be open to accepting errors while answering the questions. With every piece of evidence, the probability of the veracity of the answer will either increase or decrease.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

The main argument of the author is made in the line, "We absolutely must leave room for doubt, or there is no progress, and there is no learning". The main idea is that for a scientist, there is always scepticism; we are never certain, and all we say is how likely we are to be true. 

Option A: This is not what is stated in the text, it is not that science can never give a conclusive answer but that "A scientist is never certain. "

Option B: This option is close but focuses on the discomfort with certain things rather than the importance of questioning by a scientist, as presented in the passage. 

Option C: While the statement follows the general idea presented, the text is not about questioning just the accepted truths but everything in general. 

Option D: This is precisely the message conveyed by the passage: the importance of reasonable scepticism in a scientist.  

Option E: This is entirely out of scope and, hence, can easily be eliminated 

Thus, the correct option is D.

Correct sentences:
My friend is travelling to the UK.
She drinks medicine by the litre.
Would you rather go out or watch TV.
4, 5 and 6 are incorrect statements.

The answer is option C.

Statements 1, 3 and 5 are correct.

Statements 2, 4 and 6 incorrect. Corrected statements for these would be:
2. In my opinion, Tom Jones is a bildungsroman.
4. The books were distributed between Jessica and Neha.
6. Life moves forward and teaches backwards., 

The answer is option E.

Options A, B, D, and E are not mentioned or indicated in the paragraph and thus, can be eliminated.

The passage talks about how the newspapers are choosing stories to satisfy the narrowest of audiences instead of putting all the stories from the world for the public to judge.

Thus, option C is the answer.

Amidst an important meeting, Sridevi, of all the employees, chose Ashraf for help with a client; Ashraf has a very strong reason to be hopeful for his upcoming promotion.

Thus, option E is the correct option.

The starting tone of the reasons should be apologetic. Thus, Ashraf should start with reason 1.

After establishing his mistake, 'a greater good' reason will definitely help his case. Thus, reason 2 should follow 1.

Now, since there was a fault from the company's end also, he should make a case for the same. Thus, the best combination of the justification will be 1, 2, 3.

Citing shortcomings of the company in a similar previous scenario will not help his case. Also, not taking any lessons from past similar precedents will weaken his case.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Lacking communication skills is a serious deterrent to advancement in one's career. Thus, observation 1 will be a substantial argument against Ashraf's promotion. The same is true for perception skills. So, option 2 will be a good follow-up. The latter observation can be further exacerbated by Ashraf's role in the email filter team, as it will build a case against his competence. Thus, observations 1, 2, 3 will put forth a very serious case against Ashraf's advancement aspirations.

Observations 4 and 5 put forth a case in Ashraf's favour as it shows his proactiveness and aspirations. Thus, 4 and 5 can be discarded.

Thus, the correct option will be C.

Option A: This is a very appropriate reason to file a case against PK as it shows the affirmation of their image and their intolerant attitude towards such behaviours.

Option B: This helpless attitude will not trade well with the stakeholders.

Option C: Filing a lawsuit against PK won't help their case with their dropping sales.

Option D: This action has the potential to further exacerbate their public image regarding the incident.

Option E: This option will also be discarded for a similar reason as option 4.

Thus, the correct option is A.

The only possible reason that will trade well with the public on social media will be PK's instinctive reaction to the wrong-doings of the villagers.

Since only option B reflects the same,

The correct answer is B.

Options B, C, and E will publicize unethical behaviour in public and hence will not help much with his case.

Option D will have a counterintuitive effect on his image.

Option A will be the most appropriate way to publicize him as it will not only revive the memory of the incident but also will give a boost to his Robinhood image.

Thus, the correct option is A.

The best course of action for Damdu would be option A that is to set up a shop in Churna which will barter all the material requirements of the village. In this way the women of Churna would not sell their products in the Tendua market instead they sell them to Damdu as it would avoid transportation cost if they get all the materials for their requirement.

In the passage it is given that the Churna women conveyed the virtue of their products through dance and song. So this means that the dance and song of the Churna women provided authenticity to the traders. So we can eliminate option B and D. Now even if Damdu could not dance and sing but could convey the authenticity for the Churna products he was selling then he would have found traders for Churna products in Tendua. So this eliminates option A and C. The best possible answer here is option E.

The most important reason for terminating the contract of Damdu would be the people of Churna feel that their produce might lose association with Churna and develop association with Damdu. The next important reason would be that people will not able to understand and see how the new markets develop, that is they would be confined to Churna only. The remaining three statements state the things Churna people will lose of which the most important would be their bargaining skills followed by their identity and then the social interaction with the outer world.  So the correct order is 1, 2, 5, 3, 4.

If Rinku had closed the door not left the door ajar after serving the tea then the accident would not have happened. Therefore the most obvious reason for the accident is Rinku leaving the door ajar.

Rohini should definitely take the session the next day and not leave it so options B and C are eliminated. Defering the session is not viable as the fifth term is notorious and has non-negotiable teaching slots so she find have too much difficulty in another slot and also the students might have trouble regarding it, so eliminate option A. Requesting a colleague for taking the last session might not be good for the students as they may not relate to the new teacher, so eliminate option D. Option E is best option as Rohini herself must take the class even if there is a bit of problem.

Dhanraj may be a friend of Swarna and still scam Rohini so option A is eliminated. Option D is irrelevant so eliminate it. If Rohini's sixth term starts in a month then she can wait for the replacement of her crashed monitor, so option E is eliminated. Now among option B and C, option B provides a more reliable reason for Rohini to accept the offer because if she is a long term customer of the Maple Store which runs the service centre then she can trust Dhanraj and also the store would not want to lose a long term customer so suggestion provided by them can be regarded as genuine.

Option A can be eliminated as Saradeep recently had an anxiety attack so even if Sandeep shared all happenings of the day with Saradeep he might not do so due to health concerns. Kesar being paranoid about family is no reason for Sandeep to not tell Saradeep about his offer so option B is eliminated. Option D is eliminated because walking four kilometres does not indicate if Saradeep has anxiety issues or not. Saradeep might regard Law as respectable profession but may still want Sandeep to go for business studies so option E is also eliminated. If Option C is true then Sandeep must tell Saradeep otherwise there is change that Saradeep might stop talking to Sandeep again and that will be not good for both of them also there might again be anxiety problem with Saradeep.

Taapsi will not be a suitable choice as she is already heading another plant and also the travelling will take too much time. Dhanush has been with the organisation for three years only so Saradeep will not be comfortable in making him the plant head. Sandeep will join law school in 10 months so he is also not a good choice as after that he would have to leave the plant. Suhasini is Kesar's wife so Saradeep will definitely trust her but since she has been a homemaker for fifteen years so she is not a good choice to head the plant. Surendra is the best choice as has been the deputy head of their largest plant so he will know the workings of the plant throughly and besides that he has been with the organisation for 30 years which means that Saradeep will definitely trust him.

The question says Taapsi might prevent sandeep from taking higher studies and it is possible she might also feel jealous of sandeep so any option where a bond between Sandeep and Taapsi is reflected should be selected and option E is the best among all. It also states that Taapsi went against Saradeep's wish to gift Sandeep a bike which means that if Taapsi really wanted to go for fashion designing she would have gone for it even if that was against her father's wish.

If the clients do not appreciate strategic discussions with fresh recruits then Himaja cannot be in a client facing role and moreover she wont think that Nirmal has under estimated her or treated her badly.

Since Himaja is a fresh recruit so she is in a learning phase and even though she has made a few mistakes but still Nirmal should not be rude or harsh to her. So option B, C and D can be eliminated. Now between  option A and E, option A is a better choice as Nirmal should is just warning her so that she be careful in the future meeting while Option E says that Nirmal is blaming Himaja for the situation she has put him in.

Shreya should not lie to the client so option B can be eliminated. Option E can be eliminated as their organisation will lose the client. Option D can be eliminated as that would be unfair to Himaja. Option D can be eliminated as insulting Himaja in front of the client will be demoralising for Himaja. therefore the best course of action would be option A.

Amish wants to reduce the backlash on social media and defend the company's continued association with the celebrity.

Option A will not help reduce the backlash as it would appear as a tactic to avoid blame and also help defend the continued association with the celebrity.

Option B tells about their reason for choosing the celebrity and not about the current situation the celebrity is in. Thus, it will not help improve the situation.

Options C and D go against the desired outcome as Amish wants to reduce the backlash and defend the celebrity's association with the company.

Option E is the best choice as it puts the celebrity's decision to work for Wadiya and also justifies the company's continued association with the celebrity

Hence, the answer is option E.

We have to choose an option which will assure Amish that SAU's campaign is not affecting FICT's business. It is possible if an option shows that FICT's customers are not leaving them for SAU.

Options B and C will have the opposite effect than desired and can be dismissed.

Option D is irrelevant to the topic of discussion.

Option E states that FICT's sales has increased but does not talk anything about SAU's sales or their customers, which is what we are trying to find.

Option A states that FICT's sales have increased but that they are driven by repeat customers and not new customers. This means that SAU was not able to acquire new customers from FICT. Thus, this will assure Amish.

Hence, the answer is option A.

TRACT's main concern is that the celebrity might terminate his contract with Wadiya because of the social media backlash. So, the option which will show TRACT that the celebrity is not affected by the backlash will put them at ease.

Options A, B and C do not help TRACT as it does not mention that the help to the poor is being done in Wadiya. The celebrity could do that in any country.

Option E might increase the backlash against the celebrity and which might change his mind about the contract.

Option D states that the celebrity has signed another contract with a state which has a similar leader as Wadiya. This shows that the celebrity has no problems with being associated with countries like Wadiya and is not concerned about the backlash. This also shows that the celebrity will most likely stay associated with Wadiya which is the result that TRACT wants.

Hence, the answer is option D.