Tangents on a circle

Rarely Tested

Tangents:

Direct common tangent: $$PQ^2=RS^2=D^2-\left(r_1-r_2\right)^2$$, where D is the distance between the centres:

Transverse common tangent: $$PQ^2=RS^2=D^2-\left(r_1+r_2\right)^2$$, where D is the distance between the centres:

Number of common tangents based on position:

  • Circles external to each other → 4 tangents
  • Externally touching → 3 tangents
  • Intersecting → 2 tangents
  • Internally touching → 1 tangent
  • One inside other → 0 tangents
Question 1

Find the number of common tangents to the two circles represented by the equations:
$$x^2+y^2-25 =0$$ and $$x^2+y^2-12\sqrt2 x-12 \sqrt2y+95 = 0.$$

Question 2

Find the number of tangents that are common between $$x^2+y^2-8x+12=0$$ and $$x^2+y^2+16x-10y - 32=0$$?

Question 3

The distance between the centers of two circles of radii 7 cm and 5 cm is 14 cm. What is the number of common tangents between the two circles?

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