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$$\text{R-CO-CH}_3 + 3\text{X}_2 + 4\text{NaOH} \longrightarrow \text{CHX}_3 \downarrow + \text{R-COO}^-\text{Na}^+ + 3\text{NaX} + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}$$
Concept: Oxidative cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond triggered by successive halogenation of a terminal methyl group under basic conditions. The reaction acts as a standard qualitative test because the trihalomethane byproduct separates as a distinct solid phase.
Notation:
- $$\text{Methyl Ketones / 2-ols}$$ = Active groups like $$\text{R-CO-CH}_3$$ , ethanol, or secondary methyl alcohols;
- $$\text{CHI}_3$$ = Triiodomethane, forming a signature bright yellow precipitate.
