Relative Reactivity (Nucleophilic Addition)

$$\text{Aldehydes} > \text{Ketones}$$

Concept: Explains why ketones exhibit lower reactivity rates toward incoming nucleophiles compared to aldehydes. This suppression is driven by two factors: steric crowding from two attached alkyl groups blocking access, and electronic induction ($$+I$$ effect) where the alkyl groups donate electron density, reducing the positive electrophilic charge on the carbonyl carbon.