Complex Number

Rarely Tested

Complex Number

## Definition / Concept

A complex number is a number of the form:

$$z=a+ib$$

where $a,b\in\mathbb R$ and $i=\sqrt{-1}$.

## Terminologies

- Real part → $$a$$ is the real part of $z$.

- Imaginary part → $$b$$ is the imaginary part of $z$.

- Imaginary unit → $i=\sqrt{-1}$.

## Formula

$$\operatorname{Re}(z)=a$$

$$\operatorname{Im}(z)=b$$

$$i^2=-1$$

## Conditions / Special Cases

If:

$$b=0$$

then $z$ is purely real.

If:

$$a=0$$

then $z$ is purely imaginary.

If:

$$a=b=0$$

then:

$$z=0$$

## Usage

- Used to represent numbers involving $\sqrt{-1}$ and solve equations having non-real roots.

Question 1

Let $$\omega=\cos\frac{2\pi}{9}+i\sin\frac{2\pi}{9}$$ Then the value of $$\operatorname{Re}\left(\omega+\omega^2+\omega^3+\omega^4\right)$$ is:

Question 2

If $$z$$ is a complex number satisfying $$\left|\frac{z-2}{z+2}\right|=1,$$ then the  minimum value of $$|z|^2-4\operatorname{Re}(z)$$ is ______.

Question 3

Let $$z = 1 + i$$. Define a new complex number $$z_1$$ as follows:

$$z_1 = \frac{1 + i\bar{z}}{\bar{z}(1 - z) + \frac{1}{z}}$$

Then the value of $$\frac{12}{\pi} \arg(z_1)$$ is equal to:

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