Relation Between Even and Odd Combinations

Rarely Tested

Relation Between Even and Odd Combinations

## Formula

$$\sum_{\substack{r=0\\r\text{ even}}}^{n}{}^nC_r=\sum_{\substack{r=0\\r\text{ odd}}}^{n}{}^nC_r=2^{n-1}$$

for:

$$n\ge1$$

## Usage

- Used when a problem separates binomial coefficients according to even and odd indices.

Question 1

A 7-letter passcode is to be generated using only the letters from the set $$\{X,Y,Z\}$$

In how many distinct ways can this passcode be formed such that the letter $$X$$ appears an even number of times (including zero), and 

the letter $$Y$$ appears an odd number of times?

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