In which of the following years were Ananya and Bhaskar Gurubhai?
CAT WhatsApp Group
Sign in
Please select an account to continue using cracku.in
↓ →
CAT WhatsApp Group
Ananya Raga, Bhaskar Tala, Charu Veena, and Devendra Sur are four musicians. Each of them started and completed their training as students under each of three Gurus — Pandit Meghnath, Ustad Samiran, and Acharya Raghunath between 2013 and 2024, including both the years. Each Guru trains any student for consecutive years only, for a span of 2, 3, or 4 years, with each Guru having a different span. During some of these years, a student may not have trained under these Gurus; however, they never trained under multiple Gurus in the same year. In none of these years, any of these Gurus trained more than two of these students at the same time. When two students train under the same Guru at the same time, they are referred to as Gurubhai, irrespective of their gender.
The following additional facts are known.
1. Ustad Samiran never trained more than one of these students in the same year.
2. Acharya Raghunath did not train any of these students during 2015-2018, as well as during 2021-24.
3. Ananya and Devendra were never Gurubhai; neither were Bhaskar and Charu. All other pairs of musicians were Gurubhai for exactly 2 years.
4. In 2013, Ananya and Bhaskar started their trainings under Pandit Meghnath and under Ustad Samiran, respectively.
In which of the following years were Ananya and Bhaskar Gurubhai?
Representing Ananya Raga, Bhaskar Tala, Charu Veena, and Devendra Sur as A, B, C and D, respectively, for easy usage. Also using PM, US, and AR for Pandit Meghnath, Ustad Samiran, and Acharya Raghunath, respectively, for easy reference.
We are given that AR did not train during the periods of 2015-2018 and 2021-2024.
Other information provided is that PM, US, and AR had a span of 2, 3, and 4 consecutive years for each student, in some order. We also know that all the gurus trained each of the students for exactly one span.
In clue 4, we are given that A started the training in 2013 under PM, and B started training in 2013 under US.
Putting all the known information in the table, we get,
Now, if we look at the table, we can see that AR is training for only 4 years, with two years each, separated by a few years. Therefore, the span of AR must be 2 years because we know that he is not teaching continuously for 3 or 4 years.
Since we know that each guru taught all the students, and AR only has 4 years to teach all the students, he must definitely teach 2 students at a time each year, as we are told that no guru taught more than 2 students in a single year. We also know that A and B were taught by PM and US in 2013, respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that C and D were taught by AR during both 2013 and 2014, as AR's span is 2 years.
We can also conclude that A and B were taught by AR during both 2019 and 2020, as AR's span is 2 years, and they were the only students left for AR's class.
We are also given in clue 1 that US did not train more than 1 student in any year, and there are a total of 12 years from 2013 to 2024. If the span of US is 4 years, then he would need a total of 16 years to teach every student, as he is not teaching more than 1 student in any year, but he only taught for 12 years, so the only possibility is for US to have a span of 3 years and PM to have a span of 4 years. We can also conclude that US taught B from 2013 to 2015, as he has a span of 3 years.
We are also given that A, D and B, C were never Gurubhai, and all the other pairs were Gurubhai for exactly 2 years. Therefore, there must be two years each of {A, B}, {A, C}, {B, D}, and {C, D} with classes together. We have already completed the 2 years of {A, B} and {C, D}, so the ones left are two years of {A, C} and {B, D}. We know that the US did not take classes of 2 students together, and we have already filled the schedule of AR, so the only one left is PM, and he must have the other two left.
Since the span of PM is 4, he taught A from 2013 to 2016 and during this span, there must be 2 years of {A, C}, as we know that A will not be taught again after 2016. To have an exact span of 2 years together, C must start in 2015, as it is the only possibility, and he will teach C until 2018, as he has a span of 4 years.
There must be 2 years of {B, D} in the remaining time period of PM. In 2019, A and B were already enrolled with AR, and C had already completed his time with PM. So, the only person possible to have class in 2019 with PM is D, and D will have classes with PM until 2022. Now for 2 years of {B, D}, D must have his classes start from 2021, as it is the only possibility.
There cannot be any gap in the case of US, and in 2016, the only possibility is D as A, C were having classes with PM, and B already had his classes with US. D had classes from 2016 to 2018. In 2019, A, B and D were already having classes, so the only possibility is for C to have classes with US from 2019 to 2021, and finally A will have his classes from 2022 to 2024 with US, as he is the only person left to have classes with US.
The final table looks like,
Ananya and Bhaskar were Gurubhai from 2019 to 2020. Since 2020 is the only option present during this period, it has to be the answer.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
In which year did Charu begin her training under Pandit Meghnath?
Representing Ananya Raga, Bhaskar Tala, Charu Veena, and Devendra Sur as A, B, C and D, respectively, for easy usage. Also using PM, US, and AR for Pandit Meghnath, Ustad Samiran, and Acharya Raghunath, respectively, for easy reference.
We are given that AR did not train during the periods of 2015-2018 and 2021-2024.
Other information provided is that PM, US, and AR had a span of 2, 3, and 4 consecutive years for each student, in some order. We also know that all the gurus trained each of the students for exactly one span.
In clue 4, we are given that A started the training in 2013 under PM, and B started training in 2013 under US.
Putting all the known information in the table, we get,
Now, if we look at the table, we can see that AR is training for only 4 years, with two years each, separated by a few years. Therefore, the span of AR must be 2 years because we know that he is not teaching continuously for 3 or 4 years.
Since we know that each guru taught all the students, and AR only has 4 years to teach all the students, he must definitely teach 2 students at a time each year, as we are told that no guru taught more than 2 students in a single year. We also know that A and B were taught by PM and US in 2013, respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that C and D were taught by AR during both 2013 and 2014, as AR's span is 2 years.
We can also conclude that A and B were taught by AR during both 2019 and 2020, as AR's span is 2 years, and they were the only students left for AR's class.
We are also given in clue 1 that US did not train more than 1 student in any year, and there are a total of 12 years from 2013 to 2024. If the span of US is 4 years, then he would need a total of 16 years to teach every student, as he is not teaching more than 1 student in any year, but he only taught for 12 years, so the only possibility is for US to have a span of 3 years and PM to have a span of 4 years. We can also conclude that US taught B from 2013 to 2015, as he has a span of 3 years.
We are also given that A, D and B, C were never Gurubhai, and all the other pairs were Gurubhai for exactly 2 years. Therefore, there must be two years each of {A, B}, {A, C}, {B, D}, and {C, D} with classes together. We have already completed the 2 years of {A, B} and {C, D}, so the ones left are two years of {A, C} and {B, D}. We know that the US did not take classes of 2 students together, and we have already filled the schedule of AR, so the only one left is PM, and he must have the other two left.
Since the span of PM is 4, he taught A from 2013 to 2016 and during this span, there must be 2 years of {A, C}, as we know that A will not be taught again after 2016. To have an exact span of 2 years together, C must start in 2015, as it is the only possibility, and he will teach C until 2018, as he has a span of 4 years.
There must be 2 years of {B, D} in the remaining time period of PM. In 2019, A and B were already enrolled with AR, and C had already completed his time with PM. So, the only person possible to have class in 2019 with PM is D, and D will have classes with PM until 2022. Now for 2 years of {B, D}, D must have his classes start from 2021, as it is the only possibility.
There cannot be any gap in the case of US, and in 2016, the only possibility is D as A, C were having classes with PM, and B already had his classes with US. D had classes from 2016 to 2018. In 2019, A, B and D were already having classes, so the only possibility is for C to have classes with US from 2019 to 2021, and finally A will have his classes from 2022 to 2024 with US, as he is the only person left to have classes with US.
The final table looks like,
Charu began her training under Pandit Meghnath in 2015.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
In which of the following years were Bhaskar and Devendra Gurubhai?
Representing Ananya Raga, Bhaskar Tala, Charu Veena, and Devendra Sur as A, B, C and D, respectively, for easy usage. Also using PM, US, and AR for Pandit Meghnath, Ustad Samiran, and Acharya Raghunath, respectively, for easy reference.
We are given that AR did not train during the periods of 2015-2018 and 2021-2024.
Other information provided is that PM, US, and AR had a span of 2, 3, and 4 consecutive years for each student, in some order. We also know that all the gurus trained each of the students for exactly one span.
In clue 4, we are given that A started the training in 2013 under PM, and B started training in 2013 under US.
Putting all the known information in the table, we get,
Now, if we look at the table, we can see that AR is training for only 4 years, with two years each, separated by a few years. Therefore, the span of AR must be 2 years because we know that he is not teaching continuously for 3 or 4 years.
Since we know that each guru taught all the students, and AR only has 4 years to teach all the students, he must definitely teach 2 students at a time each year, as we are told that no guru taught more than 2 students in a single year. We also know that A and B were taught by PM and US in 2013, respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that C and D were taught by AR during both 2013 and 2014, as AR's span is 2 years.
We can also conclude that A and B were taught by AR during both 2019 and 2020, as AR's span is 2 years, and they were the only students left for AR's class.
We are also given in clue 1 that US did not train more than 1 student in any year, and there are a total of 12 years from 2013 to 2024. If the span of US is 4 years, then he would need a total of 16 years to teach every student, as he is not teaching more than 1 student in any year, but he only taught for 12 years, so the only possibility is for US to have a span of 3 years and PM to have a span of 4 years. We can also conclude that US taught B from 2013 to 2015, as he has a span of 3 years.
We are also given that A, D and B, C were never Gurubhai, and all the other pairs were Gurubhai for exactly 2 years. Therefore, there must be two years each of {A, B}, {A, C}, {B, D}, and {C, D} with classes together. We have already completed the 2 years of {A, B} and {C, D}, so the ones left are two years of {A, C} and {B, D}. We know that the US did not take classes of 2 students together, and we have already filled the schedule of AR, so the only one left is PM, and he must have the other two left.
Since the span of PM is 4, he taught A from 2013 to 2016 and during this span, there must be 2 years of {A, C}, as we know that A will not be taught again after 2016. To have an exact span of 2 years together, C must start in 2015, as it is the only possibility, and he will teach C until 2018, as he has a span of 4 years.
There must be 2 years of {B, D} in the remaining time period of PM. In 2019, A and B were already enrolled with AR, and C had already completed his time with PM. So, the only person possible to have class in 2019 with PM is D, and D will have classes with PM until 2022. Now for 2 years of {B, D}, D must have his classes start from 2021, as it is the only possibility.
There cannot be any gap in the case of US, and in 2016, the only possibility is D as A, C were having classes with PM, and B already had his classes with US. D had classes from 2016 to 2018. In 2019, A, B and D were already having classes, so the only possibility is for C to have classes with US from 2019 to 2021, and finally A will have his classes from 2022 to 2024 with US, as he is the only person left to have classes with US.
The final table looks like,
Bhaskar and Devendra were Gurubhai from 2021 to 2022. Since 2022 is the only option present during this period, it has to be the answer.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Representing Ananya Raga, Bhaskar Tala, Charu Veena, and Devendra Sur as A, B, C and D, respectively, for easy usage. Also using PM, US, and AR for Pandit Meghnath, Ustad Samiran, and Acharya Raghunath, respectively, for easy reference.
We are given that AR did not train during the periods of 2015-2018 and 2021-2024.
Other information provided is that PM, US, and AR had a span of 2, 3, and 4 consecutive years for each student, in some order. We also know that all the gurus trained each of the students for exactly one span.
In clue 4, we are given that A started the training in 2013 under PM, and B started training in 2013 under US.
Putting all the known information in the table, we get,
Now, if we look at the table, we can see that AR is training for only 4 years, with two years each, separated by a few years. Therefore, the span of AR must be 2 years because we know that he is not teaching continuously for 3 or 4 years.
Since we know that each guru taught all the students, and AR only has 4 years to teach all the students, he must definitely teach 2 students at a time each year, as we are told that no guru taught more than 2 students in a single year. We also know that A and B were taught by PM and US in 2013, respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that C and D were taught by AR during both 2013 and 2014, as AR's span is 2 years.
We can also conclude that A and B were taught by AR during both 2019 and 2020, as AR's span is 2 years, and they were the only students left for AR's class.
We are also given in clue 1 that US did not train more than 1 student in any year, and there are a total of 12 years from 2013 to 2024. If the span of US is 4 years, then he would need a total of 16 years to teach every student, as he is not teaching more than 1 student in any year, but he only taught for 12 years, so the only possibility is for US to have a span of 3 years and PM to have a span of 4 years. We can also conclude that US taught B from 2013 to 2015, as he has a span of 3 years.
We are also given that A, D and B, C were never Gurubhai, and all the other pairs were Gurubhai for exactly 2 years. Therefore, there must be two years each of {A, B}, {A, C}, {B, D}, and {C, D} with classes together. We have already completed the 2 years of {A, B} and {C, D}, so the ones left are two years of {A, C} and {B, D}. We know that the US did not take classes of 2 students together, and we have already filled the schedule of AR, so the only one left is PM, and he must have the other two left.
Since the span of PM is 4, he taught A from 2013 to 2016 and during this span, there must be 2 years of {A, C}, as we know that A will not be taught again after 2016. To have an exact span of 2 years together, C must start in 2015, as it is the only possibility, and he will teach C until 2018, as he has a span of 4 years.
There must be 2 years of {B, D} in the remaining time period of PM. In 2019, A and B were already enrolled with AR, and C had already completed his time with PM. So, the only person possible to have class in 2019 with PM is D, and D will have classes with PM until 2022. Now for 2 years of {B, D}, D must have his classes start from 2021, as it is the only possibility.
There cannot be any gap in the case of US, and in 2016, the only possibility is D as A, C were having classes with PM, and B already had his classes with US. D had classes from 2016 to 2018. In 2019, A, B and D were already having classes, so the only possibility is for C to have classes with US from 2019 to 2021, and finally A will have his classes from 2022 to 2024 with US, as he is the only person left to have classes with US.
The final table looks like,
Statement 1) Charu was training under Ustad Samiran in 2018. This is false as she was training under Pandit Meghnath in 2018.
Statement 2) Ananya was training under Ustad Samiran in 2015. This is false as she was training under Pandit Meghnath in 2015.
Statement 3) Ananya was training under Ustad Samiran in 2018. This is false as she was not training in 2018.
Statement 4) Charu was training under Ustad Samiran in 2019. This is true.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.
In how many of the years between 2013-24, were only two of these four musicians training under these three Gurus?
Representing Ananya Raga, Bhaskar Tala, Charu Veena, and Devendra Sur as A, B, C and D, respectively, for easy usage. Also using PM, US, and AR for Pandit Meghnath, Ustad Samiran, and Acharya Raghunath, respectively, for easy reference.
We are given that AR did not train during the periods of 2015-2018 and 2021-2024.
Other information provided is that PM, US, and AR had a span of 2, 3, and 4 consecutive years for each student, in some order. We also know that all the gurus trained each of the students for exactly one span.
In clue 4, we are given that A started the training in 2013 under PM, and B started training in 2013 under US.
Putting all the known information in the table, we get,
Now, if we look at the table, we can see that AR is training for only 4 years, with two years each, separated by a few years. Therefore, the span of AR must be 2 years because we know that he is not teaching continuously for 3 or 4 years.
Since we know that each guru taught all the students, and AR only has 4 years to teach all the students, he must definitely teach 2 students at a time each year, as we are told that no guru taught more than 2 students in a single year. We also know that A and B were taught by PM and US in 2013, respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that C and D were taught by AR during both 2013 and 2014, as AR's span is 2 years.
We can also conclude that A and B were taught by AR during both 2019 and 2020, as AR's span is 2 years, and they were the only students left for AR's class.
We are also given in clue 1 that US did not train more than 1 student in any year, and there are a total of 12 years from 2013 to 2024. If the span of US is 4 years, then he would need a total of 16 years to teach every student, as he is not teaching more than 1 student in any year, but he only taught for 12 years, so the only possibility is for US to have a span of 3 years and PM to have a span of 4 years. We can also conclude that US taught B from 2013 to 2015, as he has a span of 3 years.
We are also given that A, D and B, C were never Gurubhai, and all the other pairs were Gurubhai for exactly 2 years. Therefore, there must be two years each of {A, B}, {A, C}, {B, D}, and {C, D} with classes together. We have already completed the 2 years of {A, B} and {C, D}, so the ones left are two years of {A, C} and {B, D}. We know that the US did not take classes of 2 students together, and we have already filled the schedule of AR, so the only one left is PM, and he must have the other two left.
Since the span of PM is 4, he taught A from 2013 to 2016 and during this span, there must be 2 years of {A, C}, as we know that A will not be taught again after 2016. To have an exact span of 2 years together, C must start in 2015, as it is the only possibility, and he will teach C until 2018, as he has a span of 4 years.
There must be 2 years of {B, D} in the remaining time period of PM. In 2019, A and B were already enrolled with AR, and C had already completed his time with PM. So, the only person possible to have class in 2019 with PM is D, and D will have classes with PM until 2022. Now for 2 years of {B, D}, D must have his classes start from 2021, as it is the only possibility.
There cannot be any gap in the case of US, and in 2016, the only possibility is D as A, C were having classes with PM, and B already had his classes with US. D had classes from 2016 to 2018. In 2019, A, B and D were already having classes, so the only possibility is for C to have classes with US from 2019 to 2021, and finally A will have his classes from 2022 to 2024 with US, as he is the only person left to have classes with US.
The final table looks like,
Between 2013 and 2024, the years 2017, 2018, 2023, and 2024 were the only years when only two of these four musicians were training under these three Gurus.
Hence, the correct answer is 4.
The following charts depict details of research papers written by four authors, Arman, Brajen, Chintan, and Devon. The papers were of four types, single-author, two-author, three-author, and four-author, that is, written by one, two, three, or all four of these authors, respectively. No other authors were involved in writing these papers.
The following additional facts are known.
1. Each of the authors wrote at least one of each of the four types of papers.
2. The four authors wrote different numbers of single-author papers.
3. Both Chintan and Devon wrote more three-author papers than Brajen.
4. The number of single-author and two-author papers written by Brajen were the same.
What was the total number of two-author and three-author papers written by Brajen?
If all the two-author-type books are counted for both authors separately, then we get the sum to be 4 * 2 = 8.
If all the three-author-type books are counted for all three authors separately, then we get the sum to be 3 * 3 = 9.
If all the four-author-type books are counted for all four authors separately, then we get the sum to be 4 * 2 = 8.
We are given that there are 2 four-author books, so there are exactly two books for each that are of the four-author type.
Putting the values in the table, we get,
We are given that each author has at least one book of each type. In the case of Arman, there are three books left to be assigned, and there are 3 types of books left, so each of them has to be equal to 1 for the above condition to be satisfied.
In the case of Brajen, we are told that he had an equal number of single-author and two-author books.
Case 1: If the equal number is 1, then the three-author type books become 4, and we are given that both Chintan and Devon had more three-author books than Brajen, which is not possible in this case, as both of them combined will be left with 5 books together and whaterver we split 5 books there wont be a case of both of them having more books than Brajen.
Case 2: If the equal number is 2, then the three-author type books become 2, and we are given that both Chintan and Devon had more three-author books than Brajen, which is possible in this case, as both of them combined will be left with 6 books together and the only way to split 6 books such that both of them are greater than 2 is to split them into 3, 3 and it is the only possible way.
Case 3: If the equal number is greater than or equal to 3, then the three-author type books become 0 or negative, which can directly be eliminated, as we are given that all authors wrote at least 1 book of each type.
So, we can eliminate both cases 1 and 3, and we will be left with the case of Brajen having 2 books each of Single-author, Two-author, and Three-author types. Chintan and Devon have three books each of the three-author type.
Filling up the table with these values, we get,
We are given that each author has a different number of single-author type books. The only possibilities for the single-author books of Chintan and Devon are 3 and 4 in some order.
If the single-author books of Chintan are 3, then the double-author books of Chintan become 4, the single-author books of Devon become 4, and the double-author books of Devon become 1.
If the single-author books of Chintan are 4, then the double-author books of Chintan become 3, the single-author books of Devon become 3, and the double-author books of Devon become 2.
Placing both possibilities in the table, we get,
The total number of two-author and three-author papers written by Brajen = 2 + 2 = 4.
Hence, the correct answer is 4.
Which of the following statements is/are NECESSARILY true?
i. Chintan wrote exactly three two-author papers.
ii. Chintan wrote more single-author papers than Devon.
If all the two-author-type books are counted for both authors separately, then we get the sum to be 4 * 2 = 8.
If all the three-author-type books are counted for all three authors separately, then we get the sum to be 3 * 3 = 9.
If all the four-author-type books are counted for all four authors separately, then we get the sum to be 4 * 2 = 8.
We are given that there are 2 four-author books, so there are exactly two books for each that are of the four-author type.
Putting the values in the table, we get,
We are given that each author has at least one book of each type. In the case of Arman, there are three books left to be assigned, and there are 3 types of books left, so each of them has to be equal to 1 for the above condition to be satisfied.
In the case of Brajen, we are told that he had an equal number of single-author and two-author books.
Case 1: If the equal number is 1, then the three-author type books become 4, and we are given that both Chintan and Devon had more three-author books than Brajen, which is not possible in this case, as both of them combined will be left with 5 books together and whaterver we split 5 books there wont be a case of both of them having more books than Brajen.
Case 2: If the equal number is 2, then the three-author type books become 2, and we are given that both Chintan and Devon had more three-author books than Brajen, which is possible in this case, as both of them combined will be left with 6 books together and the only way to split 6 books such that both of them are greater than 2 is to split them into 3, 3 and it is the only possible way.
Case 3: If the equal number is greater than or equal to 3, then the three-author type books become 0 or negative, which can directly be eliminated, as we are given that all authors wrote at least 1 book of each type.
So, we can eliminate both cases 1 and 3, and we will be left with the case of Brajen having 2 books each of Single-author, Two-author, and Three-author types. Chintan and Devon have three books each of the three-author type.
Filling up the table with these values, we get,
We are given that each author has a different number of single-author type books. The only possibilities for the single-author books of Chintan and Devon are 3 and 4 in some order.
If the single-author books of Chintan are 3, then the double-author books of Chintan become 4, the single-author books of Devon become 4, and the double-author books of Devon become 1.
If the single-author books of Chintan are 4, then the double-author books of Chintan become 3, the single-author books of Devon become 3, and the double-author books of Devon become 2.
Placing both possibilities in the table, we get,
Statement 1: Chintan wrote exactly three two-author papers.
This is not necessarily true, as he could have written four books as well.
Statement 2: Chintan wrote more single-author papers than Devon.
This is not necessarily true, as the opposite can be possible.
So, neither I nor 2 is necessarily true.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
Which of the following statements is/are NECESSARILY true?
i. Arman wrote three-author papers only with Chintan and Devon.
ii. Brajen wrote three-author papers only with Chintan and Devon.
If all the two-author-type books are counted for both authors separately, then we get the sum to be 4 * 2 = 8.
If all the three-author-type books are counted for all three authors separately, then we get the sum to be 3 * 3 = 9.
If all the four-author-type books are counted for all four authors separately, then we get the sum to be 4 * 2 = 8.
We are given that there are 2 four-author books, so there are exactly two books for each that are of the four-author type.
Putting the values in the table, we get,
We are given that each author has at least one book of each type. In the case of Arman, there are three books left to be assigned, and there are 3 types of books left, so each of them has to be equal to 1 for the above condition to be satisfied.
In the case of Brajen, we are told that he had an equal number of single-author and two-author books.
Case 1: If the equal number is 1, then the three-author type books become 4, and we are given that both Chintan and Devon had more three-author books than Brajen, which is not possible in this case, as both of them combined will be left with 5 books together and whaterver we split 5 books there wont be a case of both of them having more books than Brajen.
Case 2: If the equal number is 2, then the three-author type books become 2, and we are given that both Chintan and Devon had more three-author books than Brajen, which is possible in this case, as both of them combined will be left with 6 books together and the only way to split 6 books such that both of them are greater than 2 is to split them into 3, 3 and it is the only possible way.
Case 3: If the equal number is greater than or equal to 3, then the three-author type books become 0 or negative, which can directly be eliminated, as we are given that all authors wrote at least 1 book of each type.
So, we can eliminate both cases 1 and 3, and we will be left with the case of Brajen having 2 books each of Single-author, Two-author, and Three-author types. Chintan and Devon have three books each of the three-author type.
Filling up the table with these values, we get,
We are given that each author has a different number of single-author type books. The only possibilities for the single-author books of Chintan and Devon are 3 and 4 in some order.
If the single-author books of Chintan are 3, then the double-author books of Chintan become 4, the single-author books of Devon become 4, and the double-author books of Devon become 1.
If the single-author books of Chintan are 4, then the double-author books of Chintan become 3, the single-author books of Devon become 3, and the double-author books of Devon become 2.
Placing both possibilities in the table, we get,
Statement 1: Arman wrote three-author papers only with Chintan and Devon.
There are in total 3 three-author books, and Chintan and Devon are authors of all three of them according to the table. So, Arman wrote the three-author papers only with Chintan and Devon. So, the statement is necessarily true
Statement 2: Brajen wrote three-author papers only with Chintan and Devon.
There are in total 3 three-author books, and Chintan and Devon are authors of all three of them according to the table. So, Brajen wrote the three-author papers only with Chintan and Devon. So, the statement is necessarily true.
So, both I and 2 are necessarily true.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
If Devon wrote more than one two-author papers, then how many two-author papers did Chintan write?
If all the two-author-type books are counted for both authors separately, then we get the sum to be 4 * 2 = 8.
If all the three-author-type books are counted for all three authors separately, then we get the sum to be 3 * 3 = 9.
If all the four-author-type books are counted for all four authors separately, then we get the sum to be 4 * 2 = 8.
We are given that there are 2 four-author books, so there are exactly two books for each that are of the four-author type.
Putting the values in the table, we get,
We are given that each author has at least one book of each type. In the case of Arman, there are three books left to be assigned, and there are 3 types of books left, so each of them has to be equal to 1 for the above condition to be satisfied.
In the case of Brajen, we are told that he had an equal number of single-author and two-author books.
Case 1: If the equal number is 1, then the three-author type books become 4, and we are given that both Chintan and Devon had more three-author books than Brajen, which is not possible in this case, as both of them combined will be left with 5 books together and whaterver we split 5 books there wont be a case of both of them having more books than Brajen.
Case 2: If the equal number is 2, then the three-author type books become 2, and we are given that both Chintan and Devon had more three-author books than Brajen, which is possible in this case, as both of them combined will be left with 6 books together and the only way to split 6 books such that both of them are greater than 2 is to split them into 3, 3 and it is the only possible way.
Case 3: If the equal number is greater than or equal to 3, then the three-author type books become 0 or negative, which can directly be eliminated, as we are given that all authors wrote at least 1 book of each type.
So, we can eliminate both cases 1 and 3, and we will be left with the case of Brajen having 2 books each of Single-author, Two-author, and Three-author types. Chintan and Devon have three books each of the three-author type.
Filling up the table with these values, we get,
We are given that each author has a different number of single-author type books. The only possibilities for the single-author books of Chintan and Devon are 3 and 4 in some order.
If the single-author books of Chintan are 3, then the double-author books of Chintan become 4, the single-author books of Devon become 4, and the double-author books of Devon become 1.
If the single-author books of Chintan are 4, then the double-author books of Chintan become 3, the single-author books of Devon become 3, and the double-author books of Devon become 2.
Placing both possibilities in the table, we get,
If Devon wrote more than one two-author paper, he would have written 2 papers, making the number of two-author papers written by Chintan 3.
Hence, the correct answer is 3.
There are six spherical balls, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6, and four circular hoops H1, H2, H3, and H4.
Each ball was tested on each hoop once, by attempting to pass the ball through the hoop. If the diameter of a ball is not larger than the diameter of the hoop, the ball passes through the hoop and makes a “ping”. Any ball having a diameter larger than that of the hoop gets stuck on that hoop and does not make a ping.
The following additional information is known:
1. B1 and B6 each made a ping on H4, but B5 did not.
2. B4 made a ping on H3, but B1 did not.
3. All balls, except B3, made pings on H1.
4. None of the balls, except B2, made a ping on H2.
What was the total number of pings made by B1, B2, and B3?
Let us try to arrange the hoops and the spheres in increasing order of their diameter according to the information given,
In clue 1, we are given that B1 and B6 made a ping on H4, and B5 did not.
So, we can definitely say that,
(B1, B6) < H4 < B5 --(1)
In clue 2, we are given that B4 made a ping on H3, but B1 did not.
So, we can definitely say that,
B4 < H3 < B1 --(2)
In clue 3, we are given that all balls, except B3, made pings on H1.
So, we can definitely say that,
(B1, B2, B4, B5, B6) < H1 < B3 --(3)
In clue 4, we are given that none of the balls, except B2, made a ping on H2.
So, we can definitely say that,
B2 < H2 < (B1, B3, B4, B5, B6) --(4)
Combining (1) and (2), we can definitely say that
B4 < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 --(5)
The only ball that we do not have enough information is about B6, as it can be either less than H3 or greater than H3 and less than H4.
Combining (3), (4) and (5), we get,
B2 < H2 < B4 < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
The sphere B6 can be placed in 2 positions, giving us two possible inequalities, which are
B2 < H2 < (B4, B6) < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
B2 < H2 < B4 < H3 < (B1,B6) < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
The position of B6 is not clear, and except for that, all the positions are fixed.
Pings made by B1 = H4, H1 = 2
Pings made by B2 = H2, H3, H4, H1 = 4
Pings made by B3 = 0
Total number of pings by B1, B2 and B3 = 2 + 4 + 0 = 6.
Hence, the correct answer is 6.
Which of the following statements about the relative sizes of the balls is NOT NECESSARILY true?
Let us try to arrange the hoops and the spheres in increasing order of their diameter according to the information given,
In clue 1, we are given that B1 and B6 made a ping on H4, and B5 did not.
So, we can definitely say that,
(B1, B6) < H4 < B5 --(1)
In clue 2, we are given that B4 made a ping on H3, but B1 did not.
So, we can definitely say that,
B4 < H3 < B1 --(2)
In clue 3, we are given that all balls, except B3, made pings on H1.
So, we can definitely say that,
(B1, B2, B4, B5, B6) < H1 < B3 --(3)
In clue 4, we are given that none of the balls, except B2, made a ping on H2.
So, we can definitely say that,
B2 < H2 < (B1, B3, B4, B5, B6) --(4)
Combining (1) and (2), we can definitely say that
B4 < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 --(5)
The only ball for which we do not have enough information is about B6, as it can be either less than H3 or greater than H3 and less than H4.
Combining (3), (4) and (5), we get,
B2 < H2 < B4 < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
The sphere B6 can be placed in 2 positions, giving us two possible inequalities, which are
B2 < H2 < (B4, B6) < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
B2 < H2 < B4 < H3 < (B1,B6) < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
The position of B6 is unclear, and except for that, all the other positions are fixed.
Option A) B4 < B5 < B3. This is definitely true.
Option B) B2 < B1 < B5. This is definitely true.
Option C) B1 < B6 < B3. This need not be true, as we do not know which of B1 and B6 has the larger diameter.
Option D) B1 < B5 < B3. This is definitely true.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Which of the following statements about the relative sizes of the hoops is true?
Let us try to arrange the hoops and the spheres in increasing order of their diameter according to the information given,
In clue 1, we are given that B1 and B6 made a ping on H4, and B5 did not.
So, we can definitely say that,
(B1, B6) < H4 < B5 --(1)
In clue 2, we are given that B4 made a ping on H3, but B1 did not.
So, we can definitely say that,
B4 < H3 < B1 --(2)
In clue 3, we are given that all balls, except B3, made pings on H1.
So, we can definitely say that,
(B1, B2, B4, B5, B6) < H1 < B3 --(3)
In clue 4, we are given that none of the balls, except B2, made a ping on H2.
So, we can definitely say that,
B2 < H2 < (B1, B3, B4, B5, B6) --(4)
Combining (1) and (2), we can definitely say that
B4 < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 --(5)
The only ball for which we do not have enough information is about B6, as it can be either less than H3 or greater than H3 and less than H4.
Combining (3), (4) and (5), we get,
B2 < H2 < B4 < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
The sphere B6 can be placed in 2 positions, giving us two possible inequalities, which are
B2 < H2 < (B4, B6) < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
B2 < H2 < B4 < H3 < (B1,B6) < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
The position of B6 is unclear, and except for that, all the other positions are fixed.
We know the correct order of the diameters of the hoops is H2 < H3 < H4 < H1.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
What BEST can be said about the total number of pings from all the tests undertaken?
Let us try to arrange the hoops and the spheres in increasing order of their diameter according to the information given,
In clue 1, we are given that B1 and B6 made a ping on H4, and B5 did not.
So, we can definitely say that,
(B1, B6) < H4 < B5 --(1)
In clue 2, we are given that B4 made a ping on H3, but B1 did not.
So, we can definitely say that,
B4 < H3 < B1 --(2)
In clue 3, we are given that all balls, except B3, made pings on H1.
So, we can definitely say that,
(B1, B2, B4, B5, B6) < H1 < B3 --(3)
In clue 4, we are given that none of the balls, except B2, made a ping on H2.
So, we can definitely say that,
B2 < H2 < (B1, B3, B4, B5, B6) --(4)
Combining (1) and (2), we can definitely say that
B4 < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 --(5)
The only ball for which we do not have enough information is about B6, as it can be either less than H3 or greater than H3 and less than H4.
Combining (3), (4) and (5), we get,
B2 < H2 < B4 < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
The sphere B6 can be placed in 2 positions, giving us two possible inequalities, which are
B2 < H2 < (B4, B6) < H3 < B1 < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
B2 < H2 < B4 < H3 < (B1,B6) < H4 < B5 < H1 < B3
The position of B6 is unclear, and except for that, all the other positions are fixed.
In the first case, the number of pings possible can be calculated as 4 for B2, 3 for B4, 3 for B6, 2 for B1, 1 for B5 and 0 for B3. In total, the number of pings possible in the 1st case is 4 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 13.
In the second case, the number of pings possible can be calculated as 4 for B2, 3 for B4, 2 for B6, 2 for B1, 1 for B5 and 0 for B3. In total, the number of pings possible in the 2nd case is 4 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 12.
So, the total number of pings can be 12 or 13.
Hence, the correct answer is Option A.
The Sustainability Index (SI) of a country at a point in time is an integer between 1 and 100. This question is related to SI of six countries - A, B, C, D, E, and F - at three different points in time - 2016, 2020, and 2024. The plot represents the exact changes in their SI, with X-coordinate representing % increase in 2020 from 2016, i.e., (SI in 2020 minus SI in 2016) / (SI in 2016), and Y-coordinate representing % increase in 2024 from 2020. At any point in time, the country with highest SI is ranked 1, while the country with the lowest SI is ranked 6. The following additional facts are known.
1. In 2016, B, C, E, and A had ranks 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.
2. F had lower SI than any other country in 2016, 2020, and 2024.
3. In 2024, E was the only country with SI of 90.
4. The range of SI of the six countries was 60 in 2016 as well as in 2024.
What was the SI of E in 2016?
Let us assume the values of A, B, C, D, E and F to be a, b, c, d, e and f in 2016.
For A:
Value in 2020 = increased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)a$$ = $$\dfrac{5}{4}a$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 50% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{50}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{5a}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{15}{8}a$$
For B:
Value in 2020 = decreased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)b$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{4}b$$
Value in 2024 = decreased by 25% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{3b}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{9}{16}b$$
For C:
Value in 2020 = decreased by 20% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)c$$ = $$\dfrac{4}{5}c$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 40% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{40}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{4c}{5}$$ = $$\dfrac{28}{25}c$$
For D:
Value in 2020 = increased by 100% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{100}{100}\right)d$$ = $$2d$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 20% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)\times\ 2d$$ = $$\dfrac{12}{5}d$$
For E:
Value in 2020 = increased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)e$$ = $$\dfrac{5}{4}e$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 20% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{5e}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{2}e$$
For F:
Value in 2020 = increased by 100% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{100}{100}\right)f$$ = $$2f$$
Value in 2024 = decreased by 25% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)\times\ 2f$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{2}f$$
We are given that the value of E is 90 in 2024. We can calculate the value of e as,
$$\dfrac{3e}{2}\ =\ 90$$
$$e\ =\ 60$$
The value of E in 2016 is 60, and its value in 2020 can be calculated as,
$$\dfrac{5e}{4}\ =\ \dfrac{5}{4}\times\ 60\ =\ 75$$
We are given that B, C, E, and A had ranks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in 2016, and F has the lowest rank(6) in all the years.
Putting the values in the table, we get,
SI of E in 2016 is 60.
Hence, the correct answer is 60.
What was the SI of F in 2020?
Let us assume the values of A, B, C, D, E and F to be a, b, c, d, e and f in 2016.
For A:
Value in 2020 = increased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)a$$ = $$\dfrac{5}{4}a$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 50% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{50}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{5a}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{15}{8}a$$
For B:
Value in 2020 = decreased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)b$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{4}b$$
Value in 2024 = decreased by 25% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{3b}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{9}{16}b$$
For C:
Value in 2020 = decreased by 20% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)c$$ = $$\dfrac{4}{5}c$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 40% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{40}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{4c}{5}$$ = $$\dfrac{28}{25}c$$
For D:
Value in 2020 = increased by 100% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{100}{100}\right)d$$ = $$2d$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 20% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)\times\ 2d$$ = $$\dfrac{12}{5}d$$
For E:
Value in 2020 = increased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)e$$ = $$\dfrac{5}{4}e$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 20% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{5e}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{2}e$$
For F:
Value in 2020 = increased by 100% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{100}{100}\right)f$$ = $$2f$$
Value in 2024 = decreased by 25% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)\times\ 2f$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{2}f$$
We are given that the value of E is 90 in 2024. We can calculate the value of e as,
$$\dfrac{3e}{2}\ =\ 90$$
$$e\ =\ 60$$
The value of E in 2016 is 60, and its value in 2020 can be calculated as,
$$\dfrac{5e}{4}\ =\ \dfrac{5}{4}\times\ 60\ =\ 75$$
We are given that B, C, E, and A had ranks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in 2016, and F has the lowest rank(6) in all the years.
Putting the values in the table, we get,
We know that F is ranked 6 and B is ranked 1 in 2016, and we are also given that the range of SI in 2016 and 2024 is 60. This means that the value of b-f = 60, and we can conclude that b is definitely greater than 60, as we know that f is an integer greater than 0.
We know that all the SI values in all the years are integers, and for SI of B to be an integer in 2024, the value of b must be a multiple of 16. The multiples of 16 that are greater than 60 and less than 100 are 64, 80 and 96.
CASE 1: b = 64
If b = 64, then the value of f becomes 4, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 4, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 12/2 = 6.
We already know the value of E in 2024 is 90.
In that case, the range of SI in 2024 is at least 90 - 6 = 84, but we are given that the range is 60 in 2024, which is not possible in this case.
So, we can eliminate this case.
CASE 2: b = 96
If b = 96, then the value of f becomes 36, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 36, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 108/2 = 54.
The value of B in 2024 = 9b/16 = (9 * 96)/16 = 54
We calculated the value of B and F to be 54 in 2024, which is not possible, as we are given that F had a lower SI than any other country in 2024, and we obtained its value to be the same as B.
So, we can eliminate this case.
CASE 3: b = 80
If b = 80, then the value of f becomes 20, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 20, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 60/2 = 30.
The value of B in 2024 = 9b/16 = (9 * 80)/16 = 45
We can see that no condition is violated in this case, as F is less than B in 2024, and the range in 2024 from the obtained values as of now is 90 - 30 = 60.
So, we can conclude that the value of b = 80 and f = 20.
Substituting the values in the table, we get,
So, SI of F in 2020 is 40.
Hence, the correct answer is 40.
What was the SI of C in 2024?
Let us assume the values of A, B, C, D, E and F to be a, b, c, d, e and f in 2016.
For A:
Value in 2020 = increased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)a$$ = $$\dfrac{5}{4}a$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 50% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{50}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{5a}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{15}{8}a$$
For B:
Value in 2020 = decreased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)b$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{4}b$$
Value in 2024 = decreased by 25% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{3b}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{9}{16}b$$
For C:
Value in 2020 = decreased by 20% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)c$$ = $$\dfrac{4}{5}c$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 40% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{40}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{4c}{5}$$ = $$\dfrac{28}{25}c$$
For D:
Value in 2020 = increased by 100% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{100}{100}\right)d$$ = $$2d$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 20% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)\times\ 2d$$ = $$\dfrac{12}{5}d$$
For E:
Value in 2020 = increased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)e$$ = $$\dfrac{5}{4}e$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 20% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{5e}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{2}e$$
For F:
Value in 2020 = increased by 100% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{100}{100}\right)f$$ = $$2f$$
Value in 2024 = decreased by 25% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)\times\ 2f$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{2}f$$
We are given that the value of E is 90 in 2024. We can calculate the value of e as,
$$\dfrac{3e}{2}\ =\ 90$$
$$e\ =\ 60$$
The value of E in 2016 is 60, and its value in 2020 can be calculated as,
$$\dfrac{5e}{4}\ =\ \dfrac{5}{4}\times\ 60\ =\ 75$$
We are given that B, C, E, and A had ranks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in 2016, and F has the lowest rank(6) in all the years.
Putting the values in the table, we get,
We know that F is ranked 6 and B is ranked 1 in 2016, and we are also given that the range of SI in 2016 and 2024 is 60. This means that the value of b-f = 60, and we can conclude that b is definitely greater than 60, as we know that f is an integer greater than 0.
We know that all the SI values in all the years are integers, and for SI of B to be an integer in 2024, the value of b must be a multiple of 16. The multiples of 16 that are greater than 60 and less than 100 are 64, 80 and 96.
CASE 1: b = 64
If b = 64, then the value of f becomes 4, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 4, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 12/2 = 6.
We already know the value of E in 2024 is 90.
In that case, the range of SI in 2024 is at least 90 - 6 = 84, but we are given that the range is 60 in 2024, which is not possible in this case.
So, we can eliminate this case.
CASE 2: b = 96
If b = 96, then the value of f becomes 36, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 36, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 108/2 = 54.
The value of B in 2024 = 9b/16 = (9 * 96)/16 = 54
We calculated the value of B and F to be 54 in 2024, which is not possible, as we are given that F had a lower SI than any other country in 2024, and we obtained its value to be the same as B.
So, we can eliminate this case.
CASE 3: b = 80
If b = 80, then the value of f becomes 20, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 20, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 60/2 = 30.
The value of B in 2024 = 9b/16 = (9 * 80)/16 = 45
We can see that no condition is violated in this case, as F is less than B in 2024, and the range in 2024 from the obtained values as of now is 90 - 30 = 60.
So, we can conclude that the value of b = 80 and f = 20.
Substituting the values in the table, we get,
We know that C is ranked 2nd in 2016, and we know the values of 1st and 3rd to be 80 and 60. We also know that SI of C has to be integers in 2016, 2020 and 2024. So, for the value of SI of C to be an integer in 2024, the value of c has to be a multiple of 25.
So, we know that c lies between 80 and 60, and is also a multiple of 25. The only multiple of 25 that lies between 60 and 80 is 75. So, the value of c has to be 75, and the value of C in 2024 can be calculated as,
C in 2024 = 28c/25 = (28 * 75)/25 = 84.
Hence, the correct answer is 84.
What was the SI of B in 2024?
Let us assume the values of A, B, C, D, E and F to be a, b, c, d, e and f in 2016.
For A:
Value in 2020 = increased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)a$$ = $$\dfrac{5}{4}a$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 50% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{50}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{5a}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{15}{8}a$$
For B:
Value in 2020 = decreased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)b$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{4}b$$
Value in 2024 = decreased by 25% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{3b}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{9}{16}b$$
For C:
Value in 2020 = decreased by 20% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)c$$ = $$\dfrac{4}{5}c$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 40% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{40}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{4c}{5}$$ = $$\dfrac{28}{25}c$$
For D:
Value in 2020 = increased by 100% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{100}{100}\right)d$$ = $$2d$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 20% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)\times\ 2d$$ = $$\dfrac{12}{5}d$$
For E:
Value in 2020 = increased by 25% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)e$$ = $$\dfrac{5}{4}e$$
Value in 2024 = increased by 20% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{20}{100}\right)\times\ \dfrac{5e}{4}$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{2}e$$
For F:
Value in 2020 = increased by 100% from 2016 = $$\left(1\ +\ \dfrac{100}{100}\right)f$$ = $$2f$$
Value in 2024 = decreased by 25% from 2020 = $$\left(1\ -\ \dfrac{25}{100}\right)\times\ 2f$$ = $$\dfrac{3}{2}f$$
We are given that the value of E is 90 in 2024. We can calculate the value of e as,
$$\dfrac{3e}{2}\ =\ 90$$
$$e\ =\ 60$$
The value of E in 2016 is 60, and its value in 2020 can be calculated as,
$$\dfrac{5e}{4}\ =\ \dfrac{5}{4}\times\ 60\ =\ 75$$
We are given that B, C, E, and A had ranks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in 2016, and F has the lowest rank(6) in all the years.
Putting the values in the table, we get,
We know that F is ranked 6 and B is ranked 1 in 2016, and we are also given that the range of SI in 2016 and 2024 is 60. This means that the value of b-f = 60, and we can conclude that b is definitely greater than 60, as we know that f is an integer greater than 0.
We know that all the SI values in all the years are integers, and for SI of B to be an integer in 2024, the value of b must be a multiple of 16. The multiples of 16 that are greater than 60 and less than 100 are 64, 80 and 96.
CASE 1: b = 64
If b = 64, then the value of f becomes 4, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 4, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 12/2 = 6.
We already know the value of E in 2024 is 90.
In that case, the range of SI in 2024 is at least 90 - 6 = 84, but we are given that the range is 60 in 2024, which is not possible in this case.
So, we can eliminate this case.
CASE 2: b = 96
If b = 96, then the value of f becomes 36, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 36, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 108/2 = 54.
The value of B in 2024 = 9b/16 = (9 * 96)/16 = 54
We calculated the value of B and F to be 54 in 2024, which is not possible, as we are given that F had a lower SI than any other country in 2024, and we obtained its value to be the same as B.
So, we can eliminate this case.
CASE 3: b = 80
If b = 80, then the value of f becomes 20, as we know b - f = 60.
If f = 20, then the value of F in 2024 is 3f/2 = 60/2 = 30.
The value of B in 2024 = 9b/16 = (9 * 80)/16 = 45
We can see that no condition is violated in this case, as F is less than B in 2024, and the range in 2024 from the obtained values as of now is 90 - 30 = 60.
So, we can conclude that the value of b = 80 and f = 20.
Substituting the values in the table, we get,
So, SI of B in 2024 is 45.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.
The two most populous cities and the non-urban region (NUR) of each of three states, Whimshire, Fogglia, and Humbleset, are assigned Pollution Measures (PMs). These nine PMs are all distinct multiples of 10, ranging from 10 to 90. The six cities in increasing order of their PMs are: Blusterburg, Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, Zingaloo.
The Pollution Index (PI) of a state is a weighted average of the PMs of its NUR and cities, with a weight of 50% for the NUR, and 25% each for its two cities.
There is only one pair of an NUR and a city (considering all cities and all NURs) where the PM of the NUR is greater than that of the city. That NUR and the city both belong to Humbleset.
The PIs of all three states are distinct integers, with Humbleset and Fogglia having the highest and the lowest PI respectively.
What is the PI of Whimshire?
We are given that the PMs of the six cities, Blusterburg, Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo, are in increasing order.
We are also told there exists a single pair of NUR and city such that the PM of NUR is greater than the city and the NUR, city of the pair belongs to Humbleset. So, we can conclude that PMs of NURs of Whimshire and Fogglia are 10 and 20 in some order.
We also know that out of all the cities, Blusterburg has the lowest PM. So, the PM of Blusterberg has to be 30, and the PM of NUR of Humbleset has to be 40 for the above condition to be satisfied, and we can also conclude that Blusterberg is a city of Humbleset.
We can also conclude that the PMs of Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo are 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90, respectively.
We are given that in the PI calculation, cities have a contribution of 25% and NUR has a contribution of 50%. So, we can calculate the contribution of each city in the calculation of PI by dividing their PI value by 4, and the contribution of NUR can be calculated by dividing the PM value by 2.
We are given that all the PI values are unique integers, and Humbleset has the highest PI value, while Fogglia has the lowest.
For the PI value to be an integer, the cities with decimal contributions must be paired with another city with decimal contributions. Since all the decimals are 0.5, when two cities with 0.5 are added, the sum becomes 1, making the PI an integer.
The cities Splutterville and Mumpypoe must be from the same state; both have integral contributions towards the PI, and if they are added to a decimal, then the result will be a decimal, which should not be the case. These two cities have to belong to either the state of Whimshire or Fogglia, but their combined contribution towards PI is 15 + 20 = 35.
We already know that for the state of Humbleset, the PI is highest, and the two contributions towards the PI are 7.5 and 20, totalling 27.5.
There are three possibilities for the other city of Humbleset, which are Noodleton, Quackford and Zingaloo.
CASE 1: Noodleton
If the other city of Humbleset is Noodleton, then its PI would be 27.5 + 12.5 = 40.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value; in either case, this condition is not satisfied.
So, we can eliminate the case of Noodleton being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 2: Quackford
If the other city of Humbleset is Quackford, then its PI would be 27.5 + 17.5 = 45.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value. So, we can eliminate the case of PI of NUR being 10 for the other state.
So, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 17.5 + 20 = 45.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 22.5 + 10 = 45.
We can see that PI of Humbleton and one of the other two states is 45, which violates one of the conditions given.
So, we can eliminate the case of Quackford being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 3: Zingaloo
If the other city of Humbleset is Zingaloo, then its PI would be 27.5 + 22.5 = 50.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
If the PI of the other state is 40,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 10 = 40.
We can see that PI of the other two states is 40, which violates one of the conditions given.
If the PI of the other state is 45,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 10 = 45
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 5 = 35.
We can see that all the conditions are satisfied in this case, and we can conclude that Zingaloo is the second city of Humbleset, and also we know that PI is the least for Fogglia. So, the PI of Fogglia is 35, and the PI of Whimshire is 45.
We can now assign the cities and the NURs the states and the PM values uniquely based on our calculations. After assigning the table looks like,
We calculated the PI of Whimshire to be 45.
Hence, the correct answer is 45.
What is the PI of Fogglia?
We are given that the PMs of the six cities, Blusterburg, Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo, are in increasing order.
We are also told there exists a single pair of NUR and city such that the PM of NUR is greater than the city and the NUR, city of the pair belongs to Humbleset. So, we can conclude that PMs of NURs of Whimshire and Fogglia are 10 and 20 in some order.
We also know that out of all the cities, Blusterburg has the lowest PM. So, the PM of Blusterberg has to be 30, and the PM of NUR of Humbleset has to be 40 for the above condition to be satisfied, and we can also conclude that Blusterberg is a city of Humbleset.
We can also conclude that the PMs of Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo are 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90, respectively.
We are given that in the PI calculation, cities have a contribution of 25% and NUR has a contribution of 50%. So, we can calculate the contribution of each city in the calculation of PI by dividing their PI value by 4, and the contribution of NUR can be calculated by dividing the PM value by 2.
We are given that all the PI values are unique integers, and Humbleset has the highest PI value, while Fogglia has the lowest.
For the PI value to be an integer, the cities with decimal contributions must be paired with another city with decimal contributions. Since all the decimals are 0.5, when two cities with 0.5 are added, the sum becomes 1, making the PI an integer.
The cities Splutterville and Mumpypoe must be from the same state; both have integral contributions towards the PI, and if they are added to a decimal, then the result will be a decimal, which should not be the case. These two cities have to belong to either the state of Whimshire or Fogglia, but their combined contribution towards PI is 15 + 20 = 35.
We already know that for the state of Humbleset, the PI is highest, and the two contributions towards the PI are 7.5 and 20, totalling 27.5.
There are three possibilities for the other city of Humbleset, which are Noodleton, Quackford and Zingaloo.
CASE 1: Noodleton
If the other city of Humbleset is Noodleton, then its PI would be 27.5 + 12.5 = 40.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value; in either case, this condition is not satisfied.
So, we can eliminate the case of Noodleton being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 2: Quackford
If the other city of Humbleset is Quackford, then its PI would be 27.5 + 17.5 = 45.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value. So, we can eliminate the case of PI of NUR being 10 for the other state.
So, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 17.5 + 20 = 45.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 22.5 + 10 = 45.
We can see that PI of Humbleton and one of the other two states is 45, which violates one of the conditions given.
So, we can eliminate the case of Quackford being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 3: Zingaloo
If the other city of Humbleset is Zingaloo, then its PI would be 27.5 + 22.5 = 50.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
If the PI of the other state is 40,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 10 = 40.
We can see that PI of the other two states is 40, which violates one of the conditions given.
If the PI of the other state is 45,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 10 = 45
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 5 = 35.
We can see that all the conditions are satisfied in this case, and we can conclude that Zingaloo is the second city of Humbleset, and also we know that PI is the least for Fogglia. So, the PI of Fogglia is 35, and the PI of Whimshire is 45.
We can now assign the cities and the NURs the states and the PM values uniquely based on our calculations. After assigning the table looks like,
We calculated the PI of Fogglia to be 35.
Hence, the correct answer is 35.
What is the PI of Humbleset?
We are given that the PMs of the six cities, Blusterburg, Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo, are in increasing order.
We are also told there exists a single pair of NUR and city such that the PM of NUR is greater than the city and the NUR, city of the pair belongs to Humbleset. So, we can conclude that PMs of NURs of Whimshire and Fogglia are 10 and 20 in some order.
We also know that out of all the cities, Blusterburg has the lowest PM. So, the PM of Blusterberg has to be 30, and the PM of NUR of Humbleset has to be 40 for the above condition to be satisfied, and we can also conclude that Blusterberg is a city of Humbleset.
We can also conclude that the PMs of Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo are 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90, respectively.
We are given that in the PI calculation, cities have a contribution of 25% and NUR has a contribution of 50%. So, we can calculate the contribution of each city in the calculation of PI by dividing their PI value by 4, and the contribution of NUR can be calculated by dividing the PM value by 2.
We are given that all the PI values are unique integers, and Humbleset has the highest PI value, while Fogglia has the lowest.
For the PI value to be an integer, the cities with decimal contributions must be paired with another city with decimal contributions. Since all the decimals are 0.5, when two cities with 0.5 are added, the sum becomes 1, making the PI an integer.
The cities Splutterville and Mumpypoe must be from the same state; both have integral contributions towards the PI, and if they are added to a decimal, then the result will be a decimal, which should not be the case. These two cities have to belong to either the state of Whimshire or Fogglia, but their combined contribution towards PI is 15 + 20 = 35.
We already know that for the state of Humbleset, the PI is highest, and the two contributions towards the PI are 7.5 and 20, totalling 27.5.
There are three possibilities for the other city of Humbleset, which are Noodleton, Quackford and Zingaloo.
CASE 1: Noodleton
If the other city of Humbleset is Noodleton, then its PI would be 27.5 + 12.5 = 40.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value; in either case, this condition is not satisfied.
So, we can eliminate the case of Noodleton being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 2: Quackford
If the other city of Humbleset is Quackford, then its PI would be 27.5 + 17.5 = 45.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value. So, we can eliminate the case of PI of NUR being 10 for the other state.
So, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 17.5 + 20 = 45.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 22.5 + 10 = 45.
We can see that PI of Humbleton and one of the other two states is 45, which violates one of the conditions given.
So, we can eliminate the case of Quackford being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 3: Zingaloo
If the other city of Humbleset is Zingaloo, then its PI would be 27.5 + 22.5 = 50.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
If the PI of the other state is 40,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 10 = 40.
We can see that PI of the other two states is 40, which violates one of the conditions given.
If the PI of the other state is 45,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 10 = 45
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 5 = 35.
We can see that all the conditions are satisfied in this case, and we can conclude that Zingaloo is the second city of Humbleset, and also we know that PI is the least for Fogglia. So, the PI of Fogglia is 35, and the PI of Whimshire is 45.
We can now assign the cities and the NURs, the states, and the PM values uniquely based on our calculations. After assigning the table looks like,
We calculated the PI of Humbleset to be 50.
Hence, the correct answer is 50.
Which pair of cities definitely belong to the same state?
We are given that the PMs of the six cities, Blusterburg, Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo, are in increasing order.
We are also told there exists a single pair of NUR and city such that the PM of NUR is greater than the city and the NUR, city of the pair belongs to Humbleset. So, we can conclude that PMs of NURs of Whimshire and Fogglia are 10 and 20 in some order.
We also know that out of all the cities, Blusterburg has the lowest PM. So, the PM of Blusterberg has to be 30, and the PM of NUR of Humbleset has to be 40 for the above condition to be satisfied, and we can also conclude that Blusterberg is a city of Humbleset.
We can also conclude that the PMs of Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo are 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90, respectively.
We are given that in the PI calculation, cities have a contribution of 25% and NUR has a contribution of 50%. So, we can calculate the contribution of each city in the calculation of PI by dividing their PI value by 4, and the contribution of NUR can be calculated by dividing the PM value by 2.
We are given that all the PI values are unique integers, and Humbleset has the highest PI value, while Fogglia has the lowest.
For the PI value to be an integer, the cities with decimal contributions must be paired with another city with decimal contributions. Since all the decimals are 0.5, when two cities with 0.5 are added, the sum becomes 1, making the PI an integer.
The cities Splutterville and Mumpypoe must be from the same state; both have integral contributions towards the PI, and if they are added to a decimal, then the result will be a decimal, which should not be the case. These two cities have to belong to either the state of Whimshire or Fogglia, but their combined contribution towards PI is 15 + 20 = 35.
We already know that for the state of Humbleset, the PI is highest, and the two contributions towards the PI are 7.5 and 20, totalling 27.5.
There are three possibilities for the other city of Humbleset, which are Noodleton, Quackford and Zingaloo.
CASE 1: Noodleton
If the other city of Humbleset is Noodleton, then its PI would be 27.5 + 12.5 = 40.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value; in either case, this condition is not satisfied.
So, we can eliminate the case of Noodleton being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 2: Quackford
If the other city of Humbleset is Quackford, then its PI would be 27.5 + 17.5 = 45.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value. So, we can eliminate the case of PI of NUR being 10 for the other state.
So, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 17.5 + 20 = 45.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 22.5 + 10 = 45.
We can see that PI of Humbleton and one of the other two states is 45, which violates one of the conditions given.
So, we can eliminate the case of Quackford being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 3: Zingaloo
If the other city of Humbleset is Zingaloo, then its PI would be 27.5 + 22.5 = 50.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
If the PI of the other state is 40,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 10 = 40.
We can see that PI of the other two states is 40, which violates one of the conditions given.
If the PI of the other state is 45,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 10 = 45
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 5 = 35.
We can see that all the conditions are satisfied in this case, and we can conclude that Zingaloo is the second city of Humbleset, and also we know that PI is the least for Fogglia. So, the PI of Fogglia is 35, and the PI of Whimshire is 45.
We can now assign the cities and the NURs, the states, and the PM values uniquely based on our calculations. After assigning the table looks like,
We can see that Noodleton and Quackford belong to the same state among the options.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
For how many of the cities and NURs is it possible to identify their PM and the state they belong to?
We are given that the PMs of the six cities, Blusterburg, Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo, are in increasing order.
We are also told there exists a single pair of NUR and city such that the PM of NUR is greater than the city and the NUR, city of the pair belongs to Humbleset. So, we can conclude that PMs of NURs of Whimshire and Fogglia are 10 and 20 in some order.
We also know that out of all the cities, Blusterburg has the lowest PM. So, the PM of Blusterberg has to be 30, and the PM of NUR of Humbleset has to be 40 for the above condition to be satisfied, and we can also conclude that Blusterberg is a city of Humbleset.
We can also conclude that the PMs of Noodleton, Splutterville, Quackford, Mumpypore, and Zingaloo are 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90, respectively.
We are given that in the PI calculation, cities have a contribution of 25% and NUR has a contribution of 50%. So, we can calculate the contribution of each city in the calculation of PI by dividing their PI value by 4, and the contribution of NUR can be calculated by dividing the PM value by 2.
We are given that all the PI values are unique integers, and Humbleset has the highest PI value, while Fogglia has the lowest.
For the PI value to be an integer, the cities with decimal contributions must be paired with another city with decimal contributions. Since all the decimals are 0.5, when two cities with 0.5 are added, the sum becomes 1, making the PI an integer.
The cities Splutterville and Mumpypoe must be from the same state; both have integral contributions towards the PI, and if they are added to a decimal, then the result will be a decimal, which should not be the case. These two cities have to belong to either the state of Whimshire or Fogglia, but their combined contribution towards PI is 15 + 20 = 35.
We already know that for the state of Humbleset, the PI is highest, and the two contributions towards the PI are 7.5 and 20, totalling 27.5.
There are three possibilities for the other city of Humbleset, which are Noodleton, Quackford and Zingaloo.
CASE 1: Noodleton
If the other city of Humbleset is Noodleton, then its PI would be 27.5 + 12.5 = 40.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value; in either case, this condition is not satisfied.
So, we can eliminate the case of Noodleton being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 2: Quackford
If the other city of Humbleset is Quackford, then its PI would be 27.5 + 17.5 = 45.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
However, we are told that the PI values are unique, and Humblest has the highest PI value. So, we can eliminate the case of PI of NUR being 10 for the other state.
So, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 17.5 + 20 = 45.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 22.5 + 10 = 45.
We can see that PI of Humbleton and one of the other two states is 45, which violates one of the conditions given.
So, we can eliminate the case of Quackford being the second city of Humbleset.
CASE 3: Zingaloo
If the other city of Humbleset is Zingaloo, then its PI would be 27.5 + 22.5 = 50.
We already obtained the sum of the PIs of one of the other 2 states to be 35 without including the PI of NUR. We know that the NUR contribution for that city would be either 5 or 10. If it is 5, then the PI of that state would be 40, and if it is 10, then the PI of that state would be 45.
If the PI of the other state is 40,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 5 = 40
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 10 = 40.
We can see that PI of the other two states is 40, which violates one of the conditions given.
If the PI of the other state is 45,
Then, for Humbleset, the PI is 7.5 + 22.5 + 20 = 50.
For one of the other 2 states, the PI is 15 + 20 + 10 = 45
The PI of the other state can be calculated by adding all the leftover PIs, which is 12.5 + 17.5 + 5 = 35.
We can see that all the conditions are satisfied in this case, and we can conclude that Zingaloo is the second city of Humbleset, and also we know that PI is the least for Fogglia. So, the PI of Fogglia is 35, and the PI of Whimshire is 45.
We can now assign the cities and the NURs, the states, and the PM values uniquely based on our calculations. After assigning the table looks like,
We can see that for all 6 cities and 3 NURs, the PMs and the city to which they belong can be identified uniquely. So, in total, we can identify the values uniquely for all 9 of them.
Hence, the correct answer is 9.
Educational materials for CAT preparation
Share
