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Carefully read the paragraph below:
A map is a useful metaphor for our brain when talking about _______ because at its most basic level our brain __________to be our atlas of sorts, a system of routes _______to navigate us toward just one destination: staying alive!
From the options below, choose the set that MOST appropriately fills up the blanks.
The first blank needs a word that means "the way it is understood" so from the options it can be either perception, understanding or comprehension. In the second blank, the word we require is one that means develop, but as it concerns the human brain, it will make more sense to use the word evolve (gradually develop).
Hence the correct option will be A.
Carefully read the paragraph below:
__________, medicine has been operated by trial and error, in other words, __________. We know by now that there can be entirely_________ connections between symptoms and treatment, and some medications succeed in medical trials for mere random reasons.
From the options below, choose the one that MOST appropriately fills up the blanks.
The first blank requires a word that refers to the events of the past; the best-suited word is "historically".
In the second blank, we need a word that goes with the idea of random choices; here, both "random" and "arbitrarily" are well suited.
The third blank requires a word that means by chance or luck, "fortuitous" is the best fit here.
Hence the correct choice is E.
Read the following sentences and answer the question that follows:
1. I have good knowledge of German.
2. Except for Rajiv, everybody was there.
3. Whole Delhi was celebrating Independence Day.
4. Neither the dog, nor is the cat responsible for this mess.
5. He knows to swim.
6. I look forward to seeing you.
Which of the above are grammatically INCORRECT?
In 1, though the sentence "I have good knowledge of German" is correct as a response to a question, when used by itself, the appropriate phrasing is "I have good knowledge of the German language".
In 3, "whole" should be replaced with "the whole of" when used before a proper noun (Delhi).
In 5, similar to 1, the correct usage is "He knows how to swim".
So the incorrect options are 135; hence the answer is C.
Which of the following is a grammatically CORRECT sentence?
The first part of the sentence deals with the correct usage of the word "had" and "tell".
"had better" is a semi modal verb (used to express need or necessity) used to give strong advice and is the correct usage.
Since "had better" implies advice to be followed, the verb that follows cannot be in the past tense, so the correct selection is "tell".
In the second part of the sentence, the choices are between will and would, considering the first part of the sentence, we need future perfect simple tense, in this case, "will".
Hence the correct option is C.
Read the passage below and answer the 3 associated questions:
Once, during a concert of cathedral organ music, as I sat getting gooseflesh amid that tsunami of sound, I was struck with a thought: for a medieval peasant, this must have been the loudest human-made sound they ever experienced, awe-inspiring in now-unimaginable ways. No wonder they signed up for the religion being proffered. And now we are constantly pummeled with sounds that dwarf quaint organs. Once, hunter-gatherers might chance upon honey from a beehive and thus briefly satisfy a hardwired food craving. And now we have hundreds of carefully designed commercial foods that supply a burst of sensation unmatched by some lowly natural food. Once, we had lives that, amid considerable privation, also offered numerous subtle, hard-won pleasures. And now we have drugs that cause spasms of pleasure and dopamine release a thousandfold higher than anything stimulated in our old drug-free world.
An emptiness comes from this combination of over-the-top nonnatural sources of reward and the inevitability of habituation; this is because unnaturally strong explosions of synthetic experience and sensation and pleasure evoke unnaturally strong degrees of habituation. This has two consequences. First, soon we barely notice the fleeting whispers of pleasure caused by leaves in autumn, or by the lingering glance of the right person, or by the promise of reward following a difficult, worthy task. And the other consequence is that we eventually habituate to even those artificial deluges of intensity. If we were designed by engineers, as we consumed more, we’d desire less. But our frequent human tragedy is that the more we consume, the hungrier we get. More and faster and stronger. What was an unexpected pleasure yesterday is what we feel entitled to today, and what won’t be enough tomorrow.
Which of the following options BEST reflects the author’s understanding of human perception of pleasure?
The passage conveys the idea that what is "What was an unexpected pleasure yesterday is what we feel entitled to today, and what won’t be enough tomorrow", this is because once it happens it is no longer unexpected or extraordinary. So pleasure comes from what is perceived to be exceptional or extraordinary. Hence option D.
Going by the author, which of the following options BEST answers the question “how can one sustain the pleasure derived from any experience?"
Throughout the passage, the author puts forward the idea that the easy availability of a source makes it impossible for us to savour the pleasure for long. Hence to sustain the joy, it must be derived from a source that is hard to replicate. In option C, this is the exact idea being conveyed.
So the correct option is C.
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Which of the following options BEST describes “emptiness” as described in the passage?
Emptiness, by definition, relates to the lack or absence of something, here "unnaturally strong explosions of synthetic experience and sensation and pleasure evoke unnaturally strong degrees of habituation."
Hence the correct option is B.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows:
“People who work in law, hotel and food services, and technology were found the most likely to skip breakfast daily, according to a recent study. As for people who do eat breakfast and prefer a savoury type (like an egg), the study found they tend to make more money, be night owls and prefer cats over dogs. If you prefer a sweet breakfast like a donut you tend to be a morning person, like romcoms and are a dog person”.
Which of the following can be BEST inferred based on the above paragraph?
The parameters should be comparable to the given statements when comparing any two cases. Option B is incorrect, as a savoury (salty or spicy) breakfast cannot be compared with an early breakfast. Similarly, C is wrong as there is no correlation between making more money and their tendency to eat breakfast regularly. As for option D, the relation between sweet and savoury breakfast is given in the passage. There is no reference to people with an early or late breakfast; Option D is invalidated. As far as E is concerned, again, there is no mention of pet preference directly resulting from the choice of food. In option A, all the relations are directly mentioned in the passage and, hence, is the right option.
Read the poem below and answer the 2 associated questions:
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But, if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To know that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
Which of the following statements will the poet agree with the MOST?
"Greed can destroy one’s world.": This one says that greed, which happens when you want too much, can ruin everything. The poem agrees with this idea, especially in its third line, where it shows that too much desire turns into greed and leads to destruction. This fits the poem well.
Which is the MOST UNSUITABLE title of the poem?
Love and Detest- A Tale of Destruction - The poem talks about desire and hate and how both are destructive. This is a suitable title. Hence, this is not the right option.
The Annihilation Hypothesis—The poem is about destruction, and annihilation is the supreme form of destruction. Since this is also a suitable title, this option can be eliminated.
Destruction by Fire and Ice—Fire and ice are metaphors for desire and hate, respectively. Hence, this title cannot be deemed unsuitable. Therefore, this option can be eliminated.
How the World Ends—This title is fitting, so this option can also be eliminated.
Emotional Destruction of the World—The poet does not categorize types of destruction; he only describes the causes of destruction. “Emotional destruction” does not seem like the correct title.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows:
In a 2017 survey of 3,915 American workers, my colleagues and I found that workers report experiencing a sizable “voice gap” at work — that is, a gap between how much say or influence they feel they ought to have and how much they actually have — on topics such as wages, working conditions, fair treatment, and input into how they do their work.
And now a second study, I have just completed with a new team, finds that today’s workers want forms of voice and representation that go well beyond traditional unions.
Based on the above paragraph, which of the following options would you agree with the MOST?
The first study identifies the existence of a problem, and it is that the voice of the workers is not given the desired importance. The second study shows the need for new ways, beyond traditional ones such as unions, to solve the problem.
Hence the correct option is E.
Read the passage below and answer the 3 associated questions:
There is nothing spectacularly new in the situation. Most old-societies-turned-young-nation-states learn to live in a world dominated by the psychology and culture of exile. For some, the twentieth century has been a century of refugees. Others like Hannah Arendt have identified refugees as virtually a new species of human being who have come to symbolize the distinctive violence of our time. Refugees as contemporary symbols, however, proclaim something more than a pathology of a global nation-state system. They also represent a state of mind, a form of psychological displacement that has become endemic to modernizing societies. One does not even have to cross national frontiers to become a refugee; one can choose to be seduced by the ‘pull’ of self-induced displacement rather than be ‘pushed’ by an oppressive or violent system at home. It is this changed status of territoriality in human life that explains why, in immigrant societies like the United States, the metaphor of exile is now jaded. Some have already begun to argue that human beings need not have a ‘home’ as it has been traditionally understood in large parts of the world, that the idea itself is a red herring. While the idea of exile begins to appear trite in intellectual circles, an increasingly large proportion of the world is getting reconciled to living with the labile sense of self. Exile no longer seems a pathology or an affliction. Displacement and the psychology of exile are in; cultural continuities and settled communities are out; there is a touch of ennui about them.
Which of the following options is CLOSEST to the meaning of the phrase “labile sense of self”?
The word labile refers to the ability to the tendency to alter or adapt quickly. So the phrase "labile sense of self" concerning refugees and exile means the ability of a refugee to adapt to new geography.
Hence the correct option is C.
Based on the passage, which of the following will the author DISAGREE the MOST with?
The statement "one can choose to be seduced by the ‘pull’ of self-induced displacement rather than be ‘pushed’ by an oppressive or violent system at home" is opposing the idea that refugees always symbolises exploitation and abuses of our time.
The other options either agree with the views of the author or are not mentioned in the passage. We cannot use ungiven information to make conclusions.
Hence the correct option is C.
Project Affected Families (PAF) are those that are physically displaced due to construction of a large project (dam, factory etc.) in an area where the PAF traditionally resided.
With insights from the passage, what would a project proponent, dealing with PAF, reading the following options agree the MOST with?
From the sentence "They also represent a state of mind, a form of psychological displacement that has become endemic to modernizing societies" it is clear that many people now consider refugees as a common occurrence or byproduct of development. Hence emotional estrangement of the PAF is not going to a concern for a project proponent.
The other options are either irrelevant to the concern of someone who supports the project or is unrelated to the context.
So the correct choice is D.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows:
In Australia, jellyfish are most common between November and May. In Hawaii, jellyfish often show up on south-facing beaches eight days after a full moon. In the Mediterranean, blooms usually appear in the summer. Unfortunately for travellers, there is no worldwide database for recent jellyfish sightings, and tourism officials are sometimes reluctant to publicize jellyfish swarms out of fear that such news will scare off visitors.
Which of the following can be BEST concluded from the above paragraph?
While some of the other options can be assumed indirectly from the passage, "In Hawaii, jellyfish often show up on south-facing beaches eight days after a full moon" clearly indicate that celestial bodies (moon) affect jellyfish sighting.
Hence we can conclude only option A from the passage.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows:
Global surface temperatures in 2019 are on track to be either the second or third warmest since records began in the mid-1800s, behind only 2016 and possibly 2017. On top of the long-term warming trend, temperatures in 2019 have been buoyed by a moderate El Niño event that is likely to persist through the rest of the year.
Which of the following statements can be BEST inferred based on the above paragraph?
From the passage, we can understand that El Niño is an event that has affected the global surface temperatures only in 2019 and that it is likely to persist through the rest of the year. So it is unlikely that it will have any long term effects.
There is no comparison of moderate and weak El Niño in the passage.
There is no mention about El Niño occurrence in 2016 and 2017, therefore, it would be incorrect to assume anything.
From the data given it is clear that in 2019 the temperature, though high, is less than that of 2016 and 2017 so it is not true that global surface temperatures are increasing at a constant rate for the last three years.
Hence the correct option is D.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows:
If we can send a human to the Moon, why can’t we build sustainable cities? Defeat cancer? Tackle climate change? So, go the rallying cries inspired by one of humanity’s greatest achievements, the US effort that put Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the Moon on 20 July 1969.
Which of the following statements, if true, BEST communicates the intent of the paragraph?
The passage clearly states that, despite sending a man to the moon, we have yet to find a solution for cancer or develop sustainable cities. Hence, we can infer the intention to state that lateral issues are more complex than the former ones. Therefore, the correct answer is E.
The tone implies: "If we could do something as hard as landing on the Moon, why haven't we solved these other problems?"
Why E is correct:
The paragraph's underlying intent is that problems like sustainable cities and cancer are being compared to the Moonshot—and the implication is that these modern challenges are even more complex and harder to solve than putting a man on the Moon. That's why they remain unsolved despite the moonshot being achievable.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows:
When asked what the politician will do for the nation’s economy, he attacked the opponent by saying, “Look at that face! Would anyone vote for that? I mean, she’s a woman, and I’m not supposed to say bad things, but really, folks, come on. Are we serious? Nevertheless, we’re going to defeat ISIS. ISIS happened a number of years ago in a vacuum that was left because of bad judgment. And I will tell you, I will take care of ISIS.”
Which of the following statements BEST describes the politician’s intent?
To shift focus to ISIS instead of the economy - If this were the sole purpose, the speaker wouldn’t mention the opposing candidate. This choice doesn’t fit.
To target tough-guy voters and instill fear to win them over - While this might seem plausible, the speaker isn’t trying to frighten the audience; he’s aiming to reassure them. This option doesn’t work.
To emotionally connect with voters - This is the correct choice because the speaker taps into the masculine traits of his male listeners and seeks to ease their worries about ISIS with an emotional approach.
To sidetrack and claim security trumps the economy - Although he subtly criticizes the other candidate, this option doesn’t fully capture the speaker’s broader intent.
To make a sexist comment while addressing a key issue - Though it might appear sexist, the speaker avoids a direct remark, noting he’s supposed to be respectful since she’s a woman. This option doesn’t hold up.
Read the passage below and answer the 3 associated questions:
The nature of knowledge cannot survive unchanged within this context of general transformation. It can fit into the new channels, and become operational, only if learning is translated into quantities of information. We can predict that anything in the constituted body of knowledge that is not translatable in this way will be abandoned and that the direction of new research will be dictated by the possibility of its eventual results being translatable into computer language. The “producers” and users of knowledge must know, and will have to, possess the means of translating into these languages whatever they want to invent or learn. Research on translating machines is already well advanced. Along with the hegemony of computers comes a certain logic, and therefore a certain set of prescriptions determining which statements are accepted as “knowledge” statements.
We may thus expect a thorough exteriorisation of knowledge with respect to the “knower,” at whatever point he or she may occupy in the knowledge process. The old principle that the acquisition of knowledge is indissociable from the training (Bildung) of minds, or even of individuals, is becoming obsolete and will become ever more so. The relationships of the suppliers and users of knowledge to the knowledge they supply and use is now tending, and will increasingly tend, to assume the form already taken by the relationship of commodity producers and consumers to the commodities they produce and consume - that is, the form of value. Knowledge is and will be produced in order to be sold, it is and will be consumed in order to be valorised in a new production: in both cases, the goal is exchange.
Knowledge ceases to be an end in itself, it loses its “use-value.”
Which of the following statements BEST captures the essence of the passage?
The author is trying to convey the idea that knowledge has gradually become a commercial entity that is no longer held accountable by the value of truth it holds. From various instances in the passage like "knowledge is and will be produced in order to be sold, it is and will be consumed in order to be valorised in a new production" infer this message.
Option B is irrelevant to the message of the passage, while C, D & E do not capture the essence entirely.
Hence the correct answer is option A.
Based on the passage, which of the following statements can be BEST inferred?
The idea that knowledge no longer transforms the recipient can be inferred from the statement "The old principle that the acquisition of knowledge is indissociable from the training (Bildung) of minds, or even of individuals, is becoming obsolete and will become ever more so." While the other options contradict the statement or are irrelevant to the idea of the passage, option B states the same.
Hence B is the correct option.
Which of the following options will the author agree the MOST with?
The author tries to convey the idea that knowledge is no longer evaluated by its truth or originality but rather by its value as a commodity. None except is option C goes well with this idea. In C, the manager hides his true self to get promoted, here the rather than revealing the truth the manager puts forward a self which has more value as a commodity in the job industry.
Read the passage below and answer the 3 associated questions:
It’s as if someone were out there making up pointless jobs just for the sake of keeping us all working. And here, precisely, lies the mystery. In capitalism, this is precisely what is not supposed to happen. Sure, in the old inefficient socialist states like the Soviet Union, where employment was considered both a right and a sacred duty, the system made up as many jobs as it had to. (This is why in Soviet department stores it took three clerks to sell a piece of meat.) But, of course, this is the very sort of problem market competition is supposed to fix. According to economic theory, at least, the last thing a profit-seeking firm is going to do is shell out money to workers they don’t really need to employ. Still, somehow, it happens. While corporations may engage in ruthless downsizing, the layoffs and speed-ups invariably fall on that class of people who are actually making, moving, fixing, and maintaining things. Through some strange alchemy no one can quite explain, the number of salaried paper pushers ultimately seems to expand, and more and more employees find themselves—not unlike Soviet workers, actually—working forty- or even fifty-hour weeks on paper but effectively working fifteen hours just as Keynes predicted, since the rest of their time is spent organizing or attending motivational seminars, updating their Facebook profiles, or downloading TV box sets. The answer clearly isn’t economic: it’s moral and political. The ruling class has figured out that a happy and productive population with free time on their hands is a mortal danger. (Think of what started to happen when this even began to be approximated in the sixties.) And, on the other hand, the feeling that work is a moral value in itself, and that anyone not willing to submit themselves to some kind of intense work discipline for most of their waking hours deserves nothing, is extraordinarily convenient for them.
Which of the following options, if true, BEST makes the author’s assertion on pointless jobs erroneous?
In point put forward by the author in the passage is that despite being an unprofitable endeavour, organisations keep employing people for pointless jobs to =keep the masses occupied and prevent them from meddling with the status quo.
Of the statements in the option, D if correct would mean that organisations are minting profits by employing people for pointless jobs, this would directly contradict with the point put forth by the author. None of the other options makes a relevant stand to debunk the author's views.
Hence D is the correct option.
Which of the following can be BEST inferred from the passage?
From the statement "The ruling class has figured out that a happy and productive population with free time on their hands is a mortal danger", it can be inferred that keeping people employed for more extended hours servers the plans of the ruling class. Moreover, there is no clear indication for any of the other options to be inferred. Hence the correct answer is B.
Which of the following statements will BEST explain the principle underlying the theme of the passage?
The author tries to understand why there are so many pointless jobs when there should be none in an efficient capitalist system. He concludes that this is because the ruling class create these jobs to keep the masses occupied as they are a danger to the existing state of affairs. The author states, "The ruling class has figured out that a happy and productive population with free time on their hands is a mortal danger."
Hence the most appropriate answer is E.
Go through the statements below and answer the question that follows:
P. Fast food intake for more than three times a week is associated with greater odds of atopic disorders such as asthma, eczema or rhinitis. Thus, it should be definitely and strictly controlled in children as it does no good.
Q. Regular junk food intake can lead to physical and psychological issues among children.
R. Lack of Vitamins such as A and C, and minerals such as magnesium and calcium, encourage the development of deficiency diseases and osteoporosis, as well as dental caries due to higher intake.
S. Junk food, which are rich in energy with lots of fat and sugar, are relatively low in other important nutrients such as protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals.
T. Emotional and self-esteem problems, along with chronic illnesses in later life due to obesity, are the issues associated with the junk food.
Which of the following combinations is the MOST logically ordered?
Q is an opening statement that puts forward the idea that regular consumption of junk food can cause problems. S lists out the nutritional facts about junk food and hence validates Q, while R is a supporting statement for S. T explains the various health hazards caused by junk food and P takes it a step forwards and lists out the long term effects of regular fast food consumption.
Hence the correct order is QSRTP.
Go through the statements below and answer the question that follows:
P. Surabhi’s Instagram profile has 1.4 million followers. It is filled with pictures of her posing in different settings.
Q. In India, reports suggest that WhatsApp (Much more than Facebook or Twitter) is the primary tool for the dissemination of political communication.
R. Political campaigns pay social media companies to promote their content.
S. Political advertising on social media comes in many forms and remains underexamined in India.
T. Social media influencers are used for the dissemination of content.
Which of the following combinations is the MOST logically ordered?
S introduces the idea that political parties use social media for advertising. R explains how political parties pay social media for the same. Q takes a look at how it is done in India and T explains the roles of influencers in implementing Q and P an example of Q.So the correct order is SRQTP.
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions:
Vindhya, Shabnam and Amala are interning at a software organization as part of the requirement of their B-school curriculum.
The organization has allotted each of them a project based on their area of specialization. In the first meeting with the HR head, they are informed of a PPO possibility (pre-placement offer, i.e., an offer to join the company after their MBA), based on their performance. All of them are eager to convert their internship into a job offer.
Each of them is assigned a mentor who evaluates the intern's performance along with the HR head.
In the second week of her eight-week internship, Amala realizes that the project requires inputs from subjects she studied in her third trimester. However, during the third trimester, Amala was significantly distracted by an inter-college sports meet, affecting her grasp of the subjects.
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate way forward for Amala?
Option A will reduce Amala's chances of getting a PPO as it will seem like running away from a problem instead of finding a solution.
Option D will also avoid the problem, and her poor performance may also damage her networking.
Option E does not help Amala solve her problem at all.
Option C is a good choice but it has to be taken into account that Shabnam will also be very busy with her project and trying to get a PPO and will probably not be able to help Amala too much.
Option B is the best choice as it shows Amala's honesty and her preparedness to learn and seek help.
Hence, the answer is option B.
Vindhya’s project is about understanding employee perception regarding the organization’s HR policies. Against her own instinct, she is suggested by her mentor to interview only the good performers identified by his office because poor performers, he believes, usually crib against the policies.
Which of the following courses of action will BEST enable Vindhya to provide the organization with a complete picture?
Since Vindhya wants to convey the complete picture to the organisation, option A can be rejected.
Option B can also be dismissed as separating the data will not provide an accurate picture of the situation.
Options C and D may lead to some tension among the HR department and Vindhya and may cost her the PPO.
Option E is the best option as Vindhya is still following her mentor's suggestions and also getting the whole information.
Hence, the answer is option E.
Shabnam, who is working on sales executives’ work-life balance, has collected the following details about their frequent travels:
1. Frequent meetings help strengthen relationships with key customers.
2. Travelling has no effect on the personal lives of the sales executives as most of them are single.
3. Travel enhances the financial health of the sales executives since their fixed salaries are low.
4. Frequent travel has no significant impact on market budget, given the current high margins from sales.
5. The sales executives have the autonomy to decide the frequency of their travel.
Shabnam thinks that the frequency of travel is higher than required.
Which of the following combinations of the above reasons can enable Shabnam BEST substantiate her thinking?
We have to choose the statements which will substantiate Shabnam's thinking that the frequency of travel is higher than required.
Statement 1 can be dismissed as it will do the opposite job.
Statement 2 can also be dismissed as it is not true for all the employees. Also, this situation is subject to change as more of them get married.
Statement 3 is a valid point. As their fixed salaries are low and travelling improves their financial health, the sales executives are more inclined to take more trips than necessary.
Statement 4 is also valid as frequent visits are not required if they don't have any effect on the budget, even though the margins are high in sales. This would mean that there is no advantage to frequent travel.
Statement 5 is also valid. Since the executives have the autonomy to decide the frequency of travel, they can travel more than required.
Thus, 3, 4 and 5 are valid points to substantiate Shabnam's thinking.
Hence, the answer is option C.
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions:
A Multinational Company (MNC) sources pristine natural spring water from Bori, a village in Satpura mountains. The unprocessed natural spring water is directly bottled by the MNC. The company brands it as “Natural Spring Water” and sells at 50% premium vis-a-vis other brands that sell processed water.
The local panchayat, under the Panchayati Raj Act, 1992 controls the spring water usage. Hence, the company signed a 30-year contract with the panchayat for exclusive access to the spring water for business purposes. This contract contributes 50% to the panchayat’s revenues besides providing 250 jobs in the panchayat. The spring also meets domestic and agricultural needs of the people of Bori and the surrounding villages.
Chanchala owns a small parcel of farming land in Bori. She grows cannabis in some part of her land and earns a significant amount of money from it. Soon after the bottling plant was commissioned, Chanchala, instigated by a landlord with a vested interest, starts accusing the MNC of robbing her of water and impacting her livelihood. She threatens to take the MNC to court.
Which of the following options will BEST solve the MNC’s problem?
Option A won't necessarily solve the problem as the son can always work at the farm and doesn't really need the job.
Option B could increase the problems for the MNC as it is akin to taking away Chanchala's livelihood.
Options C and E may lead to more instances of people accusing the MNC.
Option D is the best option as the villagers employed by the company can make a good case for it and Chanchala is more likely to listen to them than to the MNC.
Hence, the answer is option D.
The MNC has spotted traces of chemicals in their fortnightly water quality analysis. The MNC realizes that this is due to the contaminated agricultural runoff, flowing into the spring from the nearby fields where farmers use pesticides and fertilizers.
This requires an immediate solution. Which of the following options will BEST resolve the situation for the MNC?
Option A would be unethical and thus can be rejected.
Option B will also be wrong as after removing the contaminants, the water won't be natural spring water. So marketing it as such will be cheating the customers.
The unique selling point of the brand was that they were selling natural spring water and were also charging a premium for it. If they rebrand it as purified water, then it would lose it's uniqueness.
Option D will lead to massive losses for the MNC and can be rejected.
Option E is the best choice for the company as it will help them stay in business while they solve the problem.
Hence, the answer is option E.
The MNC is concerned about chemical contamination of the natural spring water due to the agricultural runoff with pesticides and fertilizers. The MNC is looking for a sustainable solution to this contamination.
Which of the following courses of action will BEST solve the issue?
Option A might lead to tensions between the Panchayat and the MNC as the spring is the primary water source for the villagers, and they might not be ready to switch to an alternate source.
Option B will lead to the brand losing its uniqueness, and they won't be able to charge the same price for the water, leading to a loss in revenue.
Option C will lead to a substantial financial undertaking as the MNC will have to sign new deals and set up a new bottling plant.
Option E will lead to tensions between the farmers and the MNC as they will lose their primary source of income.
Option D is the best choice as it is a win-win situation for both parties.
Hence, the answer is option D.
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions:
The Small Shop, selling computer peripherals, is the only one of its kind in the remote village of Turturunk. Because online purchases take two weeks or more to arrive, The Small Shop is a quick stop for buying items such as pen drives and USB cables. Besides selling computer peripherals, The Small Shop also undertakes repairs of out-of-warranty products.
The Small Shop which earlier recorded an annual increase of approximately 12% in revenues has been stagnating at 4% for the last three years, during which e-commerce sidelined brick and mortar outlets. The shop is struggling to increase profitability. In general, The Small Shop has been offering a discount on MRP to compete with e-commerce prices.
Which of the following is the BEST reason for The Small Shop NOT to reduce the current discount offered to the customers?
Taking a business decision just because of some words on a sign is not prudent; hence, option A can be rejected.
Option B can be ignored as the outside villagers form a very insignificant portion of the total revenues.
Option C can be rejected as even though the delivery fee has been charged since last year, it has not improved The Small Shop's business.
Option D does not mention the kind of business that is being started by the mentioned person.
Option E is the best choice, as the villagers form the majority of the shop's business and if they prefer the shop from e-commerce, then it is a reason to keep the discount.
Hence, the answer is option E.
The Small Shop wants to increase the variety of products sold, including expensive ones. However, it is averse to accumulating unsold products, specifically of the expensive kind.
Which of the following is the BEST option if The Small Shop wants to increase the variety of the products it sells?
We have to choose the option that will provide the best course for the Small Shop to increase the variety of products.
Option B discourages the increase in variety and thus, can be rejected.
Option C mentions a minimum order every month, which could lead to the problem of unsold products. Hence, it can be dismissed.
Option D does not solve the problem of unsold products and also adds the cost of new rental space.
Option E says to exclusively sell expensive products. It will not increase the variety. Also, the expensive products will only form 10% of the total revenue, which is insignificant for such a drastic change.
Option A is the best option, as it ensures the increase in variety as well as solves the problem of unsold products.
Hence, the answer is option A.
An emerging brand offers a franchise to The Small Shop for repairing its products, on a condition that other brands are not to be repaired. Repairs currently account for 15% of its revenues.
Which of the following, if true, will BEST help The Small Shop to decide on the franchise?
The Small Shop will be convinced to take up the offer if it has long-term benefits for the shop.
Option A will lead to the shop losing two employees for 3months. This will cause a problem for the proper functioning of the shop for those months. Thus, it will not encourage the owner to take the deal.
Option B will not encourage the deal as it will be a great risk as the brand is very new.
Option D is not related to the decision.
Option E is convenient for the shop but does not show that the business will improve. It just talks about maintaining the status quo.
Option C is the best option as it shows that the revenues from repairing are going to increase every year. This will encourage the shop in taking the deal.
Hence, the answer is option C.
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions:
When Deepti opened the package, she was aghast. She received cotton pillow covers instead of satin pillow covers, she had ordered. Deepti ordered them for her father from a popular e-commerce website that hosted products of many sellers.
Confused, Deepti contacted the seller’s office using the details given on the package. The seller’s representative profusely regretted and promised to send the satin pillow covers at no extra cost. He added that Deepti need not return the cotton covers she received. Deepti happily accepted the deal.
A few days later, Deepti received another package from the seller. Unfortunately, this package also contained cotton pillow covers. Completely disillusioned with the seller’s professionalism, Deepti decided to put to use these cotton pillow covers also.
A few days later, Deepti received an email from the e-commerce website, requesting her to share feedback about the seller. Deeply frustrated with the overall online purchasing experience, she deliberately ignored it.
Later that evening, over supper, her father opined that the balcony curtains needed to be changed. He suggested that they be bought from a local shop. “If something went wrong, we could at least yell at the seller,” he added.
Deepti stared at her laptop and began writing her feedback.
What would Deepti DEFINITELY achieve by giving feedback?
Deepti initially did not give any feedback. She thought of giving feedback after her father mentioned that at least you can yell at the seller if you bought from a local shop. With this, we can infer that Deepti thought of venting her frustration by giving feedback.
The answer is option B.
In the feedback column, Deepti awarded 1-star out of the maximum 5 stars to the seller and described her negative experience.
Later that evening, the sales head called and pleaded with her to retract her feedback and upgrade them to 5-star, as they had already fired the employee concerned. He appealed that they were a young organization and that their sales were getting badly affected.
Given the circumstances, what should be the IDEAL response?
Deepti did not share something which didn't happen and Deepti is sharing what actually happened. Hence, options A, C, D and E are not the answers.
Answer is option B.
After a few months, the sales head enquired, “In case you are using the cotton pillow covers and like them, kindly rate them on the e-commerce website. It will help us serve our customers better.”
Later that evening, her father remarked, “You know, I really love these pillow covers though I am not sure why you bought so many of them”.
Which of the following reasons gives Deepti the BEST rationale to ignore the sales head’s request?
The seller didn't rectify his mistake and asked for a review on a product not ordered. Giving a review on a product she didn't intend to buy is not necessary. Hence, option B is the best rationale to ignore the sales head's request.
The answer is option B.
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions:
Rakesh, who hailed from Dhanbad, worked in Jamshedpur with SPCIL, a government construction company. Although HR policies concerning job security & work-life balance attracted Rakesh to SPCIL, over time he found his work monotonous with no growth opportunities. However, the proximity to Dhanbad enabled him to visit his parents at his convenience.
Recently Rakesh applied to Grow and Prosper (G&P), a multinational company engaged in construction related operations, making inroads into many Indian states. G&P interviewed Rakesh and offered him three times his current salary at SPCIL.
While considering G&P’s offer, Rakesh pondered over the following facts:
1. A recent government policy made poor performance punishable by salary reduction or dismissal.
2. The first assignment at G&P is a bridge construction project in a village near Dhanbad.
3. With his current savings, Rakesh need not depend on regular income for at least six months.
4. Though an exemplary performer, Rakesh has hardly been recognized at SPCIL.
5. Based on the annual performance review at G&P, Rakesh will either earn double the salary or get fired.
Which of the following combinations of the above facts will BEST help Rakesh decide on joining G&P?
Among the five statements, we need to find statements that would motivate Rakesh to join G&P.
Statement 1 brings out the negative aspect of both SPCIL and G&P. Statement 3 doesn't help Rakesh in deciding to join G&P or not. Both statements 1 and 3 do not favour G&P. Statement 2 is in favour of G&P as the first assignment is in the village near Dhanbad. Statement 4 and 5 infers that Rakesh being a good performer, will succeed in G&P. Therefore, statements 2, 4 and 5 are in favour of G&P.
The answer is option A.
While mulling over the offer, Rakesh consulted Manikandan, his trusted senior at SPCIL. Manikandan, who had friends in G&P, disclosed that it preferred government employees for its projects in Jharkhand, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. “Once the project is completed, G&P may not need your skills,” observed Manikandan.
Which of the following, if true, will BEST enable Rakesh to decide on the offer?
Options A, D, and E neither support nor weakens the point mentioned by Manikandan that once the project is completed, G&P may not need your skills. In option B, it is mentioned that Manikandan's contact has left G&P, but there can be many reasons for leaving the company. Option C infers that there are employees still working with G&P who worked on similar projects earlier.
The answer is option C.
Rakesh, in his current job, came across incidences of bribing by private sector officials. He wondered if he might have to bribe government officials while at G&P.
He reflected on his interview with G&P:
1. The interviewers were puzzled how Rakesh could manage his EMIs with his current income.
2. One interviewer was constantly probing how Rakesh managed to meet his project deadlines with little cooperation from his subordinates.
3. “What would you do if your project has a fortnight’s deadline and it takes a month to obtain a permit?,” asked another interviewer.
4. A question that intrigued Rakesh was, “Should a pack of dacoits share their loot with one of their gang, who had killed a bystander against their motto ‘Thou shalt not kill’?”
Which of the following sequences of the above statements is in the MOST appropriate DESCENDING order of bribing undertones?
Let's look at what each statement means in the context of bribery.
Statement 1 asks about managing EMIs on the current salary, which is really checking Rakesh’s financial situation. It may sound like a simple concern, but it hints that his official income might not cover his lifestyle. In fields where unofficial earnings(taking bribes, for example) are common, this question quietly checks if the candidate is used to getting extra money through things like commissions or bribes.
Statement 2 asks how Rakesh meets project deadlines even when his team does not cooperate. This is about how he uses influence and control at work. It checks if he gets results only by following rules or also by using informal methods. Bribery could be one way, but the question could also be answered by talking about leadership, persuasion, or discipline, so the hint at bribery is not strong.
Statement 3 gives a real problem: getting a permit that officially takes a month, but the project deadline is only two weeks away. This makes it impossible to finish on time if you follow the rules. The question quietly suggests looking for solutions outside the normal process, and this often means bribing officials to speed up approvals. Here, the hint at bribery is clear and practical.
Statement 4, involving dacoits and a violated moral code, is an ethical analogy. It examines whether collective benefits should override ethical breaches by individuals. While the metaphor uses criminals, it does not refer to bribery directly or even operationally. Any connection to corruption is abstract and philosophical rather than procedural.
Now, looking at the statements, we can say that Statement 3 has the strongest bribing undertone because it constructs a real-world administrative deadlock that almost requires bribery to resolve. Statement 1 comes next because it indirectly normalises undeclared income by questioning financial viability on official pay alone. Statement 2 is weaker, as bribery is only one of several ways to interpret how cooperation or results might be secured. Statement 4 is the weakest because it is essentially a moral thought experiment, with only a distant and symbolic link to corruption. So, the best order from strongest to weakest bribery undertone is 3, 1, 2, 4, which matches option E.
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions:
Two industrial towns, Jayanagar and Ramnagar, about 15 kms. apart, are similar in land area, population, ethnic diversity and per capita incomes.
Jagdeep Singh owns a bakery named Le Baguette in Jayanagar. He specializes in croissants, masala bread and whole wheat bread; eggless cakes are also a favorite.
Among the four bakeries in Jayanagar, Jagdeep’s bakery with a market share of 30% is second only to the oldest Le Croissant bakery whose market share is 40%. Le Croissant commands a loyal customer base and does not offer eggless varieties.
Jagdeep has decided to open a branch in Ramnagar. Which of the following facts about Ramnagar will BEST support his decision?
Option B doesn't mention anything about the Ramnagar market. Therefore, this neither supports nor weakens the decision. Option C mentions that Jagdeep was supplying bread to bakeries; this implies that he is not in direct contact with customers. Options D and E go against the decision taken by Jagdeep. Among the given options, option A supports the decision.
The answer is option A.
Jagdeep wishes to open a 100% eggless branch in Ramnagar. To explore feasibility, he collected the following facts:
1. Eggless products account for 30% of Le Baguette’s sales.
2. At least 20% of all bakery sales in Ramnagar is from eggless products.
3. The eggless varieties of Le Baguette contain minute traces of egg.
4. Le Baguette currently makes 3% of its revenue from Ramnagar customers and all of it comes from eggless products.
5. Le Croissant’s Ramnagar branch struggles with a market share of 10%.
From the combinations below, in the DESCENDING order of effectiveness, choose the one that BEST supports Jagdeep’s decision.
Statement 3 mentions that the eggless varieties of Le Baguette contain minute traces of egg. This doesn't support the decision taken by Jaydeep. Statement 5 doesn't mention anything about the Ramnagar market for eggless products. Therefore, this neither supports nor weakens the decision. Statements 1, 2 and 4 mention the market value of eggless products in Le Baguette and Ramnagar. Thus, statements 1, 2 and 4 support the decision taken by Jaydeep.
The answer is option C.
From a newspaper, Jagdeep has learnt that Americans use their own ovens to bake ready-to-bake products, sold by some bakeries. This idea is apparently catching up in Indian metros as well.
Jagdeep wants to try this out in his bakery. He has gathered the following facts:
1. US bakeries that also sell ready-to-bake products earned higher revenues compared to those that do not.
2. Around 7% of Jagdeep’s regular customers own baking ovens in their homes.
3. The sale of baking ovens in India is forecast to increase by 12% every year, for the next three years.
4. 50% of Jagdeep’s regular customers are fulltime working couples.
5. In Indian metros, ready-to-bake products give higher profit margins compared to finished products.
Select the BEST of the following sequences of the above facts, in DESCENDING order of effectiveness, to support Jagdeep.
Statement 1 mentions the US market, which doesn't mention anything about the Indian market. Therefore, this cannot be the first in the order. Statement 2 mentions that there can be customers for ready-to-bake products if started by Jaydeep. Statement 3 mentions how the sales of ovens will increase in future. Statement 4 doesn't support the decision. Therefore, this will be the last in the order. Statement 5 mentions the Indian market for ready-to-bake products. The order will be 2, 3, 5, 1, and 4.
The answer is option D.
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions:
A powerful, intelligent king Vanamali once ruled over an ancient kingdom, Vanarajya. The kingdom was known for its high mountains and sprawling plains, and ninety percent of its land was under forest cover. Trade in forest produce was the mainstay of its economy, supported by subsistence agriculture.
With the increase of population, over time the forest in the plains was cleared for agriculture. The forest in the mountains continued to supply nutrient-enriched water and abundant forest produce to the plains. As a result, agricultural yields were bountiful. The plains prospered as compared to the mountains.
The increasing prosperity of the plains people tempted those in the mountains to divert forest land for agriculture. Vanamali was afraid that expansion of agriculture would result in deforestation of the mountains.
Which of the following is the BEST course of action for Vanamali to conserve the mountain forest?
The prosperity of plains people tempts mountain people. Options B, C and D don't improve the prosperity of mountain people. Option E doesn't directly help mountain people to improve their prosperity. Option A directly helps mountain people to improve financially.
The answer is option A.
Vanamali, afraid of further deforestation, issued a diktat against felling of trees in the mountains. In due course, thanks to the booming agriculture, the king along with plains people began to prosper. However, mountain people became relatively poor, thanks to Vanamali’s diktat.
Which of the following options should mountain people choose to BEST protect their long-term interests?
The primary motive of the mountain people is to conserve the forest and sustain the earnings. Options B, C and E don't help in conserving the forest and sustaining the earnings. Option A doesn't benefit mountain people. Option D helps on conserving the forest and doesn't go against the diktat of the king.
Answer is option D.
The village elders of the mountains had informed Vanamali about the presence of a precious metal in abundance under a large part of the forest. They pleaded with him to repeal his diktat and permit felling of trees for mining.
Vanamali knew that the precious metal would make his kingdom prosper. However, he was worried that mining would reduce the flow of nutrients, water and forest produce to the plains.
Vanamali’s advisor Vanapandit presented the following action plans for his consideration:
1. Repeal the forest diktat and charge hefty royalty for mining in the mountains
2. Permit mining in the mountains and enforce rainwater harvesting in the plains
3. Permit mining in the mountains and begin afforestation in the plains
4. Continue with the forest diktat in the mountains
5. Permit limited mining in rotation but maintain the forest diktat in the rest of the mountains
Which of the following sequences of action plans, in the DESCENDING order of their ability to contribute to Vanarajya’s sustainable prosperity, will be the MOST appropriate for Vanamali?
Vanamali wants the sustained property for the kingdom.
Statement (1) and (4) are completely against the requirements. Therefore, 1 and 4 will be the last in order. Statement (2) doesn't solve the problem completely. It doesn't ensure the flow of nutrients and forest produce to plains. Statement (3) doesn't solve the problem completely but is better than 2. This statement has the solution for the supply of forest produce but doesn't ensure the flow of nutrients. (5) states the best solution among all the statements. Therefore, the order will be 5, 3, 2, 4 and 1.
The answer is option E.
Nalini has received a total of 600 WhatsApp messages from four friends Anita, Bina, Chaitra and Divya. Bina and Divya have respectively sent 30% and 20% of these messages, while Anita has sent an equal number of messages as Chaitra. Moreover, Nalini finds that of Anita’s, Bina’s, Chaitra’s and Divya’s messages, 60%, 40%, 80% and 50% respectively are jokes. What percentage of the jokes, received by Nalini, have been sent neither by Divya nor by Bina?
Let four friends Anita, Bina, Chaitra and Divya be represented as A,B,C,D respectively.
From the given information, Messages sent by A are 150 out of which 90 are Jokes
Messages sent by B are 180 out of which 72 are Jokes
Messages sent by C are 150 out of which 120 are Jokes
Messages sent by D are 120 out of which 60 are Jokes
.'. Percentage of jokes that were neither sent by D or B is 210*100/342=61.4
Given that :
(A O B) = (A + B) * B.
For (5 O 2) = ( 5+2 )*2 = 14.
((14) O 5 )= ( 14 + 5 )*5 = 19*5 = 95.
Two friends, Ram and Shyam, start at the same point, at the same time. Ram travels straight north at a speed of 10km/hr, while Shyam travels straight east at twice the speed of Ram. After 15 minutes, Shyam messages Ram that he is just passing by a large telephone tower and after another 15 minutes Ram messages Shyam that he is just passing by an old banyan tree. After some more time has elapsed, Ram and Shyam stop. They stop at the same point of time. If the straight-line distance between Ram and Shyam now is 50 km, how far is Shyam from the banyan tree (in km)? (Assume that Ram and Shyam travel on a flat surface.)
2500=$$\left(5+10t\right)^2+\left(10+20t\right)^2$$ => $$\left(1+2t\right)^2=20$$
$$AB^2=25+100\left(1+2t\right)^2$$ => AB= 45km.
Two lighthouses, located at points A and B on the earth, are 60 feet and 40 feet tall respectively. Each lighthouse is perfectly vertical and the land connecting A and B is perfectly flat. The topmost point of the lighthouse at A is A’ and of the lighthouse at B is B’. Draw line segments A’B and B’A, and let them intersect at point C’. Drop a perpendicular from C’ to touch the earth at point C. What is the length of CC’ in feet?
Triangle ACC' is similar to triangle ABB'
Considering AC = a, BC = b, CC' = h, AA' is given as 60, BB' is given to be 40.
AC/AB = CC'/BB' = h/40.
$$\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\ =\ \frac{h}{40}$$ (1)
Similarly triangle BCC' is similar to BAA'.
BC/AB = CC'/AA' = h/60.
$$\left(\frac{b}{a+b}\right)\ =\ \frac{h}{60}$$ (2)
Adding (1) and (2).
$$\frac{h}{40}+\frac{h}{60\ }=\ 1$$
1/h = $$\left(\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{60}\right)$$
h = 24
Using crossed ladder theorem
$$\frac{1}{CC'}=\frac{1}{AA'}+\frac{1}{BB'}$$=1/60 +1/40 =5/120 =24.
A man is laying stones, from start to end, along the two sides of a 200-meterwalkway. The stones are to be laid 5 meters apart from each other. When he begins, all the stones are present at the start of the walkway. He places the first stone on each side at the walkway’s start. For all the other stones, the man lays the stones first along one of the walkway’s sides, then along the other side in an exactly similar fashion. However, he can carry only one stone at a time. To lay each stone, the man walks to the spot, lays the stone, and then walks back to pick another. After laying all the stones, the man walks back to the start, which marks the end of his work. What is the total distance that the man walks in executing this work? Assume that the width of the walkway is negligible.
The walkway is 200 meters long, and stones are placed 5 meters apart on both sides, starting at 0 meters (the start) and ending at 200 meters (the end). The number of stones per side is calculated as follows: from 0 to 200 meters inclusive, with a stone every 5 meters, there are 200/5+1=41 stones per side (0, 5, 10, ..., 195, 200). Since there are two sides, the total number of stones is 41×2=82. However, the first stone on each side (at 0 meters) is laid without walking, as all stones start at the beginning, so we subtract these two initial placements, leaving 82−2=80 stones requiring trips.
The man lays stones in an identical pattern along one side (Side A) and then along the other (Side B). He carries one stone at a time, walks to the spot, lays it, and then walks back to the start to get the next stone. After laying all the stones, he walks back to the start.
Excluding the first stone at 0 meters (no walking), he lays 40 stones (5, 10, ..., 200 meters).
For each stone: Walk to the spot (distance d).
Walk back to the start (distance d)
Total per trip = 2d.
Distances: 5, 10, 15, ..., 200 meters.
This is an arithmetic series: first term = 5, last term = 200, number of terms = 40
The sum of distances to lay stones = 5+10+...+200
The number of terms being 40, the sum will be 20(205)=4100
Total for Side A (to and back): This multiplied by 2 will be 8200
He repeats the exact process for the other side: 40 stones at 5, 10, ..., 200 meters.
Total distance for Side B = 8200 meters (same calculation).
Thus, the total distance the man walks is 16,400 meters.
A rectangular swimming pool is 50 meters long and 25 meters wide. Its depth is always the same along its width but linearly increases along its length from 1 meter at one end to 4 meters at the other end. How much water (in cubic meters) is needed to completely fill the pool?
The volume of cuboid will be 50*25*1=1250
The volume of the portion below cuboid will be Area of triangle*width =$$\frac{1}{2}\cdot3\cdot50\cdot25=1875$$
.'. Total volume = 1875+1250= 3125.
A shop sells bags in three sizes: small, medium and large. A large bag costs Rs.1000, a medium bag costs Rs.200, and a small bag costs Rs.50. Three buyers, Ashish, Banti and Chintu, independently buy some numbers of these types of bags. The respective amounts spent by Ashish, Banti and Chintu are equal. Put together, the shop sells 1 large bag, 15 small bags and some medium bags to these three buyers. What is the minimum number of medium bags that the shop sells to them?
Let the amount spent by Ashish is 'a', Banti is 'b' and Chintu is 'c'. Given, a = b = c.
One of them has bought a large bag. So, he must have spent at least 1000 rupees. It means, everyone has spent at least a thousand rupees. Or, a +b + c ≥ 3000.
Revenue from small bags = 50*15 = 750.
Revenue from large bag = 1000*1 = 1000. Total revenue excluding from medium bag = 750 + 1000 = 1750.
If 4 medium bags are sold, total revenue = 200*4 + 1750 = 2550, which is less than 3000. Hence, not the right answer.
If 5 medium bags are sold, total revenue = 200*5 + 1750 = 2750, which is less than 3000. Hence, not the right answer.
If 7 medium bags are sold, total revenue = 200*7 + 1750 = 3150, which is more than 3000. Hence, 7 is the correct answer.
In the figure given below, the circle has a chord AB of length 12 cm, which makes an angle of $$60^\circ$$ at the center of the circle, O. ABCD, as shown in the diagram, is a rectangle. OQ is the perpendicular bisector of AB, intersecting the chord AB at P, the arc AB at M and CD at Q. OM = MQ. The area of the region enclosed by the line segments AQ and QB,and the arc BMA, is closest to (in cm$$^2$$):
In triangle OAP, since AP=6, OA will be 12.
Area of AQBMA=Area of Triangle ABQ- (Area of minor arc AMB-Area of OAB)
Length of PQ=MQ+PM = 12+(12-$$6\sqrt{\ 3}$$)=24-$$6\sqrt{\ 3}$$
Area of Triangle ABQ=$$\frac{1}{2}\cdot12.\left(24-6\sqrt{\ 3}\right)=6\left(24-6\sqrt{\ 3}\right)$$.=81.64
Area of minor arc AMB-Area of OAB=$$\frac{60}{360}\cdot\pi\ \cdot144-\frac{1}{2}\cdot12\cdot6\sqrt{\ 3}$$ = $$24\pi\ -36\sqrt{\ 3}$$.=13.07
.'.Area of AQBMA=68.57$$\approx\ 69$$
Read the information given below and answer the 3 associated questions.
During 2015-2019, the revenues of four companies P-S were as follows:
Which of the given companies has seen the highest year-on-year growth (in percentage) in any single year during this five-year period?
By noticing the table, we can come to the conclusion that either P in 2018 or Q in 2017 must-have the highest YoY growth.
YOY of P from 2017 to 2018=50/200 *100=25%
YOY of Q from 2016 to 2017 = 40/140 *100 = 28.57%
Hence D is the correct answer.
It was discovered later that one of the companies misreported its revenue of one of the years. If the misreported revenue is replaced by the correct revenue, the revenues of that company over the five-year period will be in an arithmetic progression. The company that misreported its revenue was
Let us observe the revenue of the four companies over four years. We see that Company Q and Company S can form an arithmetic progression. This is because the differences between revenues over the years are different, and we are only looking to replace one value over five years to achieve an arithmetic progression.
Looking at Company P, we see that it maintains a +25 over the years except for one year. If 2018 revenue was 225, then we would achieve an arithmetic progression.
Similarly, for Company S, we see that it maintains a +20 over the years except for one year. If 2018 revenue were 160, then we would achieve an arithmetic progression.
During the period from 2014 to 2015, the revenue increased by 25% for three of the companies and by 50% for the remaining company. The total increase in revenue, for all four companies put together, was Rs. 125 lakhs.
Which of the following CANNOT be true?
Let us first compute the individual changes in value in both years before zeroing in on the companies that fall into the 25% increase and 50% increase groups.
For 25% increase:
For 50% increase:
We can move forth with the assumption that P saw a 50% increase while the rest of the companies saw a 25% increase. In this case, the total increase in revenue, for all four companies put together, will be Rs. 125 lakhs. Same is the case when we consider company R to have seen a 50% increase, while the rest had a 25% increase. {Hence, Option D is true} We observe that Options B, C and E hold true as well. The increase observed for each of the companies is distinct, based on the given condition. Thus, Option A cannot be true.
A box contains 6 cricket balls, 5 tennis balls and 4 rubber balls. Of these, some balls are defective. The proportion of defective cricket balls is more than the proportion of defective tennis balls but less than the proportion of defective rubber balls.
Moreover, the overall proportion of defective balls is twice the proportion of defective tennis balls. What BEST can be said about the number of defective rubber balls in the box?
Given, z/4 > x/6 > y/5 ...(i)
and (x+y+z)/15= 2*y/5 => x+z=5y
The value of y can only be 1.
=> x+z=5.
If z = 1, then z/4 is less than x/6.
If z = 2, then z/4 is equal to x/6.
If z = 4 or 5 then y/5 is greater than x/6.
The only possible value to satisfy (i) condition is z=3. and x=2.
When expressed in a decimal form, which of the following numbers will be non - terminating as well as non-repeating?
Option A: $$\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) \left[\left(\frac{1}{\pi}\right) + 1\right] - \frac{\pi}{2}$$ =1/2
Option B: $$\sin^21^{\circ}+\sin^22^{\circ}+....+\sin^289^{\circ}=44+1/2\ $$ because $$\sin^2\left(89\right)=\cos^2\left(1\right)\ \&\ \sin^2\left(1\right)+\cos^2\left(1\right)=1$$
Option C: $$\sqrt{2}\left(3\sqrt{2} - \frac{4}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + \sqrt{3}$$ = $$6-4+\sqrt{3}$$=$$2+\sqrt{3}$$ which is non-terminating and non repeating.
Option D: $$\frac{\left(\sqrt[3]{729}\right)}{3} + \frac{22}{7}$$ = 3+22/7 = 6.142857142857....
Option E: $$\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) + \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)^3 + ...$$ (infinite terms)= $$\frac{1}{1-\frac{\pi\ }{4}}=\frac{4}{4\ -\pi\ }\ $$ => $$(4 - \pi)[1 + \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) + \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)^3 + ...$$ (infinite terms)] =4
A rectangular field is 40 meters long and 30 meters wide. Draw diagonals on this field and then draw circles of radius 1.25 meters, with centers only on the diagonals. Each circle must fall completely within the field. Any two circles can touch each other but should not overlap. What is the maximum number of such circles that can be drawn in the field?
Each circle on the end of the diagonal will touch sides of the rectangular field
Using Pythagoras' theorem, the distance between the vertex of the rectangle and center of the first circle drawn on the diagonal = $$1.25\sqrt{\ 2}$$
Distance between the vertex of the rectangle and circumference of the first circle drawn on the diagonal = $$1.25\sqrt{\ 2}$$ - 1.25 = 0.51 meters
Space that cannot be used to draw circle otherwise they will go outside rectangle on every diagonal = 0.51 * 2 = 1.02 meters
Space that can be used to draw circles = length of diagonal - unused space = 50 - 1.02 = 48.98 meters
On every diagonal, maximum number of such circles = usable length/diameter of each circle = 48.98/2.5 = 19
Or, on every diagonal, one circle will be at the center (intersection of diagonals) and 9 circles will be on each half of the diagonal
Therefore the circle in center will be common for both diagonals, and 9 circles can be drawn on each half of the diagonal. So total circles = 9*4 + 1 = 37
A hare and a tortoise run between points O and P located exactly 6 km from each other on a straight line. They start together at O, go straight to P and then return to O along the same line. They run at constant speeds of 12 km/hr and 1 km/hr respectively. Since the tortoise is slower than the hare, the hare shuttles between O and P until the tortoise goes once to P and returns to O. During the run, how many times are the hare and the tortoise separated by an exact distance of 1 km from each other?
The total distance to be travelled is 6+6 = 12km
We know the speeds of the hare and the tortoise.
Time taken by the Tortoise to finish one round = $$\frac{12}{1}=12hr$$.
We know the speed of the Hare is 12 km/h. Let's find the distance travelled by the hare in 12 hrs. = $$12\cdot12=144km$$
This is nothing but $$\frac{144}{12}=12\ \text{rounds}\ $$. So, Hare will make 12 rounds of OP.
In the first round, both have started from point O. After some time, the distance between them will be 1 km.
After some more time, when the hare is returning from P to O, before and after crossing the tortoise, the hare will be two more times 1km apart from the tortoise. So, in the first round, there are three such occurrences.
In the second round, when the hare starts from point O, while going and returning, there will be four occurrences when, before and after crossing the tortoise, the hare will be exactly 1 km apart. But the first occurrence of round 2 is already counted in round 1. So, in second round as well, there will be total 3 occurrences.
In the third, fourth and fifth rounds, there will be 4 such occurrences.
In the sixth round, because the tortoise will be at point P, there will be only 2 cases.
Now, till around 6, there are 20 such occurrences. And from round 7 to 12, it will be exactly the same but in reverse order of 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3. Hence, total such occurrences = 20 * 2 = 40.
Consider the four variables A, B, C and D and a function Z of these variables, $$Z = 15A^2 - 3B^4 + C + 0.5D$$ It is given that A, B, C and D must be non-negative integers and thatall of the following relationships must hold:
i) $$2A + B \leq 2$$
ii) $$4A + 2B + C \leq 12$$
iii) $$3A + 4B + D \leq 15$$
If Z needs to be maximised, then what value must D take?
To maximize Z, B has to be minimized and A,C,D are to be maximised.
The value of B can be 0 or 1.
Case 1:
B=0 => A=1=> C=8 and D=12.
Z= 15+8+6=29.
Case 2:
B=1 => A=0=> C=12 and D=15.
Z=-3+12+7.5=16.5.
.'. D=12 is correct answer.
XYZ is an equilateral triangle, inscribed in a circle. P is a point on the arc YZ such that X and P are on opposite sides of the chord YZ. Which of the following MUST always be true?
If we join YP and PZ, XYPZ will become a cyclic quadrilateral. YZ and XP will be diagonals of this quadrilateral.
Ptolemy's theorem states that the product of the length of the diagonals is equal to the sum of products of measures of the pairs of opposite sides.
As per this theorem for the quadrilateral :
XY*PZ +XZ*PY = YZ*XP.
For the equilateral triangle.
Now, in equilateral triangle XYZ, YZ = XZ = XY.
Hence equation 1 becomes, XP = YP + PZ.
X, Y and Z start a web-based venture together. X invests Rs. 2.5 lakhs, Y invests Rs. 3.5 lakhs, and Z invests Rs. 4 lakhs. In the first year, the venture makes a profit of Rs. 2 lakhs. A part of the profit is shared between Y and Z in the ratio of 2:3, and the remaining profit is divided among X, Y and Z in the ratio of their initial investments. The amount that Z receives is four times the amount that X receives. How much amount does Y receive?
Let the part of the amount divided between Y and Z be 5k => Y gets 2k and Z gets 3k.
The overall profit is Rs 200000.
Hence the remaining profit is Rs 200000 - 5k. =
Left over profit of 2-5k is divided in the ratio 2.5:3.5:4
The final profit distribution among X, Y and Z.
=> Finally, X gets $$\frac{2.5}{10}\left(200000-5k\right)\ $$, Y gets $$2k+\frac{3.5}{10}\left(200000-5k\right)\ $$ and Z gets $$3k+\frac{4}{10}\left(200000-5k\right)\ $$.
Given the ratio of profit distribution of X and Z is 1 : 4
Given, $$3k+\frac{4}{10}\left(200000-5k\right)\ $$ = 4($$\frac{2.5}{10}\left(200000-5k\right)\ $$) => 3k=$$\frac{6}{10}\left(200000-5k\right)\ $$ =>10k=400000-10k => 20k=400000 => k=20000.
.'. Share of Y = $$2k+\frac{3.5}{10}\left(200000-5k\right)\ $$ = 75000.
Mohanlal, a prosperous farmer, has a square land of side 2 km. For the current season, he decides to have some fun. He marks two distinct points on one of the diagonals of the land. Using these points as centers, he constructs two circles. Each of these circles falls completely within the land, and touches at least two sides of the land. To his surprise, the radii of both the circles are exactly equal to $$\frac{2}{3}$$ km. Mohanlal plants potatoes on the overlapping portion of these circles. Calculate the area on which Mohanlal planted potatoes (in sq. km).
The two circles are symmetric about the diagonal.
NC1=$$\frac{2\sqrt{\ 2}}{3}$$ = $$\sqrt{\ \left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{^2}+\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^2}=\ \frac{\left(2\sqrt{\ 2}\right)}{3}$$
The lengths FC1, EC1 are the radius of the circle which is 2km/3.
The length C1P is the radius of the circle.
Because of symmetry C1O = C2O and C1N = C2B.
2*(C1N+ C1O) = $$2\sqrt{\ 2}$$ the length of the diagonal of the square.
C1N+C1O = $$\sqrt{\ 2}$$
C1O = $$\sqrt{\ 2}-\frac{2\sqrt{\ 2}}{3}=\ \frac{\sqrt{\ 2}}{3}$$
OP = $$\frac{\left(2-\sqrt{\ 2}\right)}{3}$$
The diagonal perpendicularly bisects the line GH. Hence C1OH is 90 degrees.$$C1H^2\ =\ C1O^2+OH^2$$
OH = $$\frac{\sqrt{\ 2}}{3}$$. Similarly OG = $$\frac{\sqrt{\ 2}}{3}$$
HC1, C1G both are equal to $$\frac{2}{3}$$ each. H1G is $$\frac{2\sqrt{\ 2}}{3}$$. HC1G is a raight angled traingle with angle HC1G is 90 degrees.
Area of the region required is 2*(Area of segment OGH)
.'. Area of required region=$$2\left(\frac{90}{360}\cdot\frac{4\pi\ }{9}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2\sqrt{\ 2}}{3}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{\ 2}}{3}\right)$$=$$\frac{2(\pi - 2)}{9}$$
Read the information given below and answer the 2 associated questions.
190 students have to choose at least one elective and at most two electives from a list of three electives: E1, E2 and E3. It is found that the number of students choosing E1 is half the number of students choosing E2, and one third the number of students choosing E3.
Moreover, the number of students choosing two electives is 50.
Which of the following CANNOT be obtained from the given information?
Given, a+b+c=50 and a+b+c+x+y+z=190 => x+y+z=140.
Also, let E1=k => E2=2k and E3=3k
Also, E1 = (x+a+0+b) , E2 = (y+b+0+c) , E3 = (z+a+0+c) ----------------2
From 1, E1+E2+E3 = 6k and from 2, E1+E2+E3 = (x+y+z)+2(a+b+c) = 140 + 2*50 = 240
=> 6k = 240
=> k = 40
Thus our venn diagram will look like this -
Option A, the number of students choosing E1 is 40.
Option B, number of students choosing either E1 or E2 or both, but not E3 = total - E3 = 190-120 = 70. Or, it is equal to (40-a-b) + b + (80-b-c) = 120 - a - b - c = 120 - (a+b+c), and (a+b+c) = 50. Thus, the number of students is = 120 - 50 = 70.
Option C, number of students choosing both E1 and E2 => this can not be obtained, because it is equal to b and the value of b is not known.
Option D, number of students choosing E3 = 3k = 120.
Option E, number of students choosing exactly one elective = Out of 190, 50 are choosing two electives, hence 190-50 = 140 are choosing exactly one elective. Or, it is equal to (40-a-b) + (80-b-c) + (120-a-c) = 240 - 2(a+b+c) = 240 - 2(50) = 140.
In addition to the given information, which of the following information is NECESSARY and SUFFICIENT to compute the number of students choosing only E1, only E2 and only E3?
Given, a+b+c=50 and a+b+c+x+y+z=190 => x+y+z=140.
Also, let E1=k => E2=2k and E3=3k ---------------1
Also, E1 = (x+a+0+b) , E2 = (y+b+0+c) , E3 = (z+a+0+c) ----------------2
From 1, E1+E2+E3 = 6k and from 2, E1+E2+E3 = (x+y+z)+2(a+b+c) = 140 + 2*50 = 240
=> 6k = 240
=> k = 40
Thus our venn diagram will look like this -
Option A: If the number of students choosing only E2 and the number of students choosing both E2 and E3 are given, then we know the value of (80-b-c) [ which will provide us with the value of (b+c) ], and the value of c. Since we know the value of c, we can get the value of b. And as the values of b and c are known, the value of a can also be known. Thus, we can find all the values.
Option B: Knowing the number of students choosing both E1 and E2, the number of students choosing both E2 and E3, and the number of students choosing both E3 and E1 is SUFFICIENT as we will get the values of a, b, and c. However, this information is not NECESSARY when calculating the number of students who choose only E1, E2, and E3 because we can calculate that with fewer conditions (like in option A).
Option C: Number of students choosing only E1, and number of students choosing both E2 and E3. Thus, we know the value of (40-a-b), which will provide us with the value of (a+b), and we know the value of c. However, the individual values of a and b cannot be known. Thus, we won't be able to find the number of students who choose only E1, only E2, and only E3.
Option D: Some extra information about a, b, and c is necessary. Thus, this option is incorrect.
Option E: Number of students choosing both E1 and E2. This will give us the value of b, and since we know the value of (a+b+c), thus we can find the value of a+c. But the individual values of a and c cannot be known. Thus, this is also incorrect.
Ashok has a bag containing 40 cards, numbered with the integers from 1 to 40. No two cards are numbered with the same integer. Likewise, his sister Shilpa has another bag containing only five cards that are numbered with the integers from 1 to 5, with no integer repeating. Their mother, Latha, randomly draws one card each from Ashok’s and Shilpa’s bags and notes down their respective numbers. If Latha divides the number obtained from Ashok’s bag by the number obtained from Shilpa’s, what is the probability that the remainder will not be greater than 2?
The number of ways of selecting one card from Ashok's bag and other from Shilpa bag = $$40_{C_1}\times\ 5_{C_1}$$ = 200
Now, if the card taken from Shilpa's bag shows 1, then 1 will divide all the numbers on Ashok's card. Hence, the number of ways = 40
If the card taken from Shilpa's bag shows 2, then the remainder will be either 0 or 1. Hence, the number of ways = 40
If the card taken from Shilpa's bag shows 3, then the remainder will be 0, 1 or 2. Hence, the number of ways = 40
If the card taken from Shilpa's bag shows 4, then the remainder will be 0, 1, 2 or 3. So the numbers having 3 as remainder will be rejected. So the number of form 4n+3 will be rejected. Total number of such numbers = $$\frac{\left(39-3\right)}{4}+1$$ = 10
If the card taken from Shilpa's bag shows 5, then the remainder will be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. So the numbers having 3 or 4 as remainder will be rejected. So the number of form 5n+3, 5n+4 will be rejected. Total number of such terms = $$\frac{\left(39-3\right)}{4}+1$$ = 10
The numbers left = 40-10 = 30
The total numbers having 5n+3 form = $$\frac{\left(39-4\right)}{5}+1\ =\ 8$$
The total numbers having 5n+4 form = $$\frac{\left(38-3\right)}{5}+1\ =\ 8$$
The numbers left = 40-8-8=24
Hence, the probability = $$\frac{\left(40+40+40+30+24\right)}{200}=\frac{174}{200}=0.87$$
X, Y, and Z are three software experts, who work on upgrading the software in a number of identical systems. X takes a day off after every 3 days of work, Y takes a day off after every 4 days of work and Z takes a day off after every 5 days of work.
Starting afresh after a common day off,
i) X and Y working together can complete one new upgrade job in 6 days
ii) Z and X working together can complete two new upgrade jobs in 8 days
iii) Y and Z working together can complete three new upgrade jobs in 12 days.
If X, Y and Z together start afresh on a new upgrade job (after a common day off), exactly how many days will be required to complete this job?
Let the work done per day by X, Y and Z is respectively 'x', 'y' and 'z' units.
According to the first statement, out of 6 days, X works for 5 days, and Y works for 5 days. Total work done = 5x + 5y = 1...(i)
According to the second statement, out of 8 days, Z works for 7 days and X works for 6 days and they complete two jobs. 7z + 6x = 2...(ii)
According to the third statement, out of 12 days, Y works for 10 days and Z works for 10 days and they complete three jobs. 10y + 10z = 3...(iii)
Solving, we get x = 1/10, y = 1/10, z = 2/10.
=> every day, X does 10% of the job, Y does 10% of the job and Z does 20% of the job.
Together, every day they can do 40% of the job. Hence to complete 100% of the job, they will take 100/40 = 2.5 days.
What is the remainder if $$19^{20} - 20^{19}$$ is divided by 7?
Using Fermat's theorem :
If p is a prime number and a, p are co primes $$\left(a^{p-1}\right)\ mod\ p=1$$
Remainder when $$19^{20}$$ is divided by 7 = $$19^2$$ mod 7 =4. ( Here $$19^{20\ }=\ \left(\left(19\right)^6\right)^3\cdot\left(19\right)^2$$
Since the remainder for $$19^6$$ is 1 the remainder for $$\ 19^{20}$$ is equivalent to the $$\frac{19^2}{7}$$ = 4.
Remainder when $$20^{19}$$ is divided by 7 = $$20^1$$ mod 7 =6.( Here $$\frac{20^6}{7}$$ the remainder is 1 and since
$$20^{19}=\ \left(20^6\right)^3\cdot\left(20\right)^1\ =\ \frac{\left(1\cdot20\right)}{7}$$. The remainder is 6.
Remainder when $$19^{20} - 20^{19}$$ is divided by 7=4-6=-2=> 5.
Six drums are used to store water. Five drums are of equal capacity, while the sixth drum has double the capacity of each of these five drums. On one morning, three drums are found half full, two are found two-thirds full and one is found completely full. It is attempted to transfer all the water to the smaller drums. How many smaller drums are adequate to store the water?
Let's five small drums have a capacity of 1 unit capacity each and one bigger drum has that of 2 units capacity. We need to consider two cases here. One with minimum volume and the other with maximum volume.
Case 1: Minimum value is possible if the bigger drum is half filled. So, total volume of water = 1 + 2 * (1/2) + 2 * (2/3) + 1 = 26/6 ~ 4.3
Case 2: Maximum value is possible if the bigger drum is completely full. So, total volume of water = 2 + 3 * (1/2) + 2 * (2/3) = 29/6 = 4.833
In any case volume of water is more than 4 units and less than 5 units. Hence, exactly 5 smaller drums are adequate to store the water.
Read the information given below and answer the 3 associated questions.
The following graph depicts sector-wise percentage contributions to the gross domestic product (GDP) of nine nations, labelled “Nation A”, “Nation B” and so on. It is known that these nations are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Russia, the UK and the USA, but not necessarily in the same order.
The following, however, are known:
i) The GDPs of the nine nations (in US $ trillion) are:
ii) China has the highest agriculture sector GDP, valued at US $1 trillion, followed respectively by the USA and India
iii) In terms of percentage contribution to the respective nations’ GDPs by their service sectors, the UK and France are respectively the first and the second
iv) Nation A, Nation B and Nation G have the same GDP
v) The GDP of India’s industry sector is lower than the GDP of Russia’s industry sector. However,it is larger than that of Brazil's industry sector
Based on the given information, how many nations can be uniquely identified?
From ii, China is F.
From iv and v, India must be A, Brazil must be G and Russia must be B.
India's GDP due to agriculture = 17% of 2 trillion =0.34 trillion.
From i, USA GDP due to agriculture> 0.34 trillion and <1 trillion i.e. it's percentage must be >2% and less than 5.8%
So, USA can be C/E/H.
From point 3, UK must be D and France must be H=> U.S.A must be C/E.
Now, Germany and Japan can be C or I.
6 nations can be uniquely identified.
Based on the given information, which of the following CANNOT be ruled out?
FRom ii, China is F.
FRom iv and v, India must be A, Brazil must be G and Russia must be B.
India's GDP due to agriculture = 17% of 2 trillion =0.34 trillion.
FRom i, USA GDP due to agriculture> 0.34 trillion and <1 trillion i.e. it's percentage must be >2% and less than 5.8%
So, USA can be C/E/H.
From point 3, UK must be D and France must be H=> U.S.A must be C/E.
Now, Germany and Japan can be C or I or E.
.'. Everything except option D can be ruled out.
Which of the following information, when considered in addition to the given information, does not allow us to completely identify the nine nations in the graph?
From ii, China is F.
From iv and v, India must be A, Brazil must be G and Russia must be B.
India's GDP due to agriculture = 17% of 2 trillion =0.34 trillion.
From i, USA GDP due to agriculture> 0.34 trillion and <1 trillion i.e. it's percentage must be >2% and less than 5.8%
So, USA can be C/E/H.
From point 3, UK must be D and France must be H=> U.S.A must be C/E.
Now, Germany or Japan can be I.
Option A: If Germany’s industry GDP is US $1.2 trillion, it has to be Country I, but we still cannot confirm US and Japan between C/E. Hence, Option A is correct.
Margaret Atwood and Bernardine Evaristo have been recently awarded with:
In which Indian state did president Ram Nath Kovind serve as Governor?
Malfunction of which of the following organs is the MOST common cause of vertigo?
Which Indian startup was acquired by Walmart?
Which Indian bank was the FIRST to issue “Green Bonds” for financing renewable and clean energy projects?
Which organization’s mascot was R.K. Lakshman’s “the common man”?
Which deer is also known as “the dancing deer” of Manipur?
Which is the largest landlocked salt water lake in India?
What did India commit to achieve under the Paris Climate Agreement (2015) as outlined in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions report submitted to the UNFCCC?
What does the “Earth Overshoot Day” indicate?
In which state was the first ever environmental referendum held?
Match the following folk theater forms with their associated states:
Omuamua is:
In which Indian state is Sriharikota located?
What does the book "Silent Spring" (1962) by Rachel Carson highlight?
“Rakhigarhi” is associated with:
When Coca Cola exited India, which cola brand was created and marketed by the Government of India to provide jobs to those who earlier were employed by Coca Cola?
Which of the following rivers does not cross international borders?
The phrase “How dare you?” is BEST associated with:
Which Indian state enjoys special provisions under Article 371(D)?
Who among the following was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay award in 2019?
Which organization funded the Indian Cricket League?
Match the following foreign travelers with the rulers of that period
Match the following authors with their works:
Which Indian state has different capitals in summer and winter?
Out of all the states, three states i.e. Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Uttarakhand have different capitals for their summer and winter sessions of the legislature. The answer is option C.
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