CMAT 2018 Slot 1 Question Paper

Volume(V)  of the sphere with radius R=8 cm is given by V= $$\frac{4}{3} \pi  R^{3}$$.

                                                                                                       = $$\frac{4}{3} \pi(8^{3})$$= $$\frac{4}{3} \pi (512) cm^{3}$$.                                                                                                

and Volume (v) of each iron ball with radius r= 1cm is given by v= $$\frac{4}{3} \pi r^{3}$$.

                                                                                                              = $$\frac{4}{3} \pi (1^{3})$$= $$\frac{4}{3} \pi cm^{3}$$.

Let say 'n' iron balls each of volume 'v' are required to form a sphere of volume 'V'.

=> Total volume of 'n' iron balls = Volume of the sphere

=> $$n\times v$$ = V

=> n= $$V\div v$$ = $$\frac{4}{3}  \pi (512)\div \frac{4}{3}  \pi$$ = 512. 

Hence 512 iron balls are required in total to form the sphere.

Given      0<a<1..............................................(1)

Let us go with the verification of options

Option (i):

squaring on both sides of (1), we get

0<$$a^2$$<1

Subtracting '1' in the above equation, we get

-1<$$a^2$$-1<0....................(2)

$$\Rightarrow a^2$$-1< 0, Hence option (i) is false.

Option (ii):

Squaring on both sides of (1), we get

0<$$a^2$$<1

Adding '1' on both sides of above equation, we get

1<$$a^2$$+1<2....................(3)

$$\Rightarrow a^2$$+1>0, Hence Option (ii) is true.

Option (iii):

As 0<a<1, $$a^2<a$$.............(4)

Subtracting 'a' on both sides of (4), we get

$$a^2-a<0$$, Hence Option (iii) is also false.

Let, us assume the total revenue for 2010 as 100.

Since, all the companies except T have generated the same revenue in 2011, the percentage increase in revenue for all companies will be only due to the increase in revenue of T.

Increase in revenue of T(2011) = 20% * 14 = 2.8

Total revenue(2011) = 102.8

$$\therefore $$ % increase in revenue = $$\frac{102.8-100}{100}$$ * 100% = 2.8 %

Hence, option A.

Let say after a Time period (T) 'x'  years the amount Rs. 2 lakh gets doubled at a rate of interest (R) = 11.5% per annum

Initial principle amount (P) = 2,00,000 Rs.

Simple Interest (I)  for 'x' years is given by I = $$PTR\div 100$$ = $$200000\times x\times 11.5\div 100$$

                       => I = $$23000\times x$$.

Final Principle amount (P') = P + I = $$2\times P$$ (as given) 

                                               => I = $$2\times P - P$$ = P

                                              => $$23000\times x$$ = 200000

                                              => x = $$200000\div 23000$$

                                              => x = 8.695 = between 8 and 9.                                                              

Given AB + C = D................................(1

If B = 6 and D = 30,  then from (1),

6A + C = 30........................(2)

and If B = 8 and D = 36,

8A + C = 36........................(3)

(3)-(2) => 2A = 6

=> A= 3

Substituting the value of A in equation (2) we get,

18 + C = 30

=> C = 12.

$$y^2 + 3y - 18 \geq 0$$

 $$\Rightarrow y^2 + 6y - 3y - 18 \geq 0$$

 $$\Rightarrow y (y+6) - 3 (y+6) \geq 0$$

 $$\Rightarrow (y-3) (y+6) \geq 0$$

 $$\Rightarrow y\geq3  and  y\leq-6$$

Since balls of same color should come together, let us consider 3 red balls as one unit and 2 blue balls as one unit and 4 yellow balls as another unit.

So, we have a total of 3 different units which can be arranged in '3!' ways.

these 3 red balls can internally be arranged in '3!' ways.

Similarly the blue balls and yellow balls can be arranged internally in '2!' and '4!' ways respectively.

So, total number ways = $$3!\times 3!\times 2!\times 4!= 6\times 6\times 2\times 24$$= 1728 ways

By carefully observing the given data and by observing the given options,

The charges will be least for the parcel from Kolkata to Mumbai which is Rs. 7,

Hence option (D) is the answer.

Given X, Y and Z are in the ratio 12: 15: 25

Let say X = 12k, Y = 15k and Z = 25k, where k is any constant.

Difference between Y and X = 15k - 12k = 3k..............................(1)

and Difference between Z and Y = 25k - 15k = 10k.....................(2)

Ratio of (1) and (2) = $$3k\div 10k = 3:10$$.

Given speed of Ankush = 3 rounds per hour = 1  round per 20 min

Whereas speed of Babulal = 5 rounds per hour = 1 round per 12 min.

Let us consider Ankush as stationery at the starting point.

The relative speed of Babulal with respect to Ankush = 3 rounds per hour + 5 rounds per hour = 8 rounds per hour

This implies, In one hour Babulal crosses Ankush 8 times.

So, starting from 9.00 am to 10.30 am i.e., 1.5 hours or 90 min, Babulal crosses Ankush 12 times.

Given monthly savings of Amit and Bharat are in the ration 37:18. Let the savings of Amit and Bharat be 37k and 18k, where 'k' is a constant.

$$\Rightarrow$$ Total  monthly  savings  of  Amit  and  Bharat = 55k.

Given Total annual savings of Amit and Bharat = 1,32,000.

$$\Rightarrow$$ Total  monthly  savings = 11,000.

$$\Rightarrow$$ 55k = 11000

$$\Rightarrow$$ k = 200.

Hence monthly savings of Amit and Bharat are 7400 and 3600 respectively.

From the given data,

Let the monthly incomes of Amit and Bharat be 5x and 4x respectively, where 'x' is a constant.

Similalrly, let the monthly expenditures of Amit and Bharat be 19y and 21y respectively, where 'y' is a constant.

Savings =  Income - Expenditure

$$\Rightarrow$$ 5x - 19y = 7400..........................(1)

and  4x - 21y = 3600...............................(2)

Solving both the equations we get x = 3000 and y = 400.

Therefore, the monthly income of Amit is 5x i.e., 15000.

In $$\triangle$$AOB, AO = OB (Equal radii)

∴ $$\triangle$$AOB is isosceles.

∴ ∠ABO = ∠BAO = (180°-114°)/2 = 33°

Hence, option D.

As can be seen from the above venn diagram distribution. Rest of the households are not reading any newspaper.

Number of households reading only one newspaper = 22 + 26 + 16 = 64.

Hence, option C.

Note: The values of the venn diagram add to 106. As it is not explicitly mentioned in the question that every household reads at least one newspaper, so remaining (120 - 106 = 14) households do not read any of the given newspaper. 

60 minutes = 360 degrees or 2$$\pi$$ radians.

$$\Rightarrow$$ 1 minute = 60  degrees.

$$\Rightarrow$$ 30 minutes = 180  degrees  or  $$\pi$$ radians.

Therefore area (A) swept by minute hand of length 42 mm in 30 minutes =  area of semi-circle of radius (r = 42 mm) .

$$\Rightarrow A = \pi r^2\div 2 = 3.14\times 42^2\div 2 = 2769.5 mm^2$$.

Let say f(x) = $$x^3 + 2x^2 + bx + 68$$ and given (x+4) is a factor of f(x).

$$\Rightarrow f(x) = (x+4)\times k$$.................(1)

where 'k' is the quotient when f(x) is divided by (x+4).

Substituting 'x= -4' in the equation (1), we get

f(-4) = 0

$$\Rightarrow -4^3 + 2 (-4)^2 + b (-4) + 68 = 0$$

$$\Rightarrow -64 + 32 - 4b + 68 = 0$$

$$\Rightarrow 4b = 36$$

$$\Rightarrow b = 9$$.

$$Average  speed = Total  distance  covered\div Total  time  taken$$.

Total distance covered = 12 + 36 + 32 = 80 km.

Total time taken = $$12\div 6 + 36\div 9 + 32\div 4 = 2 + 4 + 8 = 14 hrs$$.

$$\Rightarrow Average  speed = 80\div 14 = 5.71 km/hr$$.

Let the capacity of the cistern be 600 units.

From the given data, the efficiencies of pipes A and B are 5 units/ min and 4 units/min respectively.

Let the efficiency of outlet pipe C be 'k' units/min.

Given the time taken to fill the cistern when all the three pipes are open = 100 minutes

$$\Rightarrow Efficiency  of  pipes\times time  taken = Capacity  of  cistern$$.

$$\Rightarrow (5+4-k)\times 100 = 600$$

$$\Rightarrow 9-k = 6$$

$$\Rightarrow k = 3$$

Therefore the time taken(t)  by pipe C to empty the cistern = $$Capacity  of  the  cistern\div efficiency  of  pipe  C$$

$$\Rightarrow t = 600\div 3 = 200 minutes = 3 hrs 20 min$$.

As per the given conditions, weeks 1 and 3 will have similar pay structure and weeks 2 and 4 will have similar pay structure.

For weeks 1 and 3

wage/hr for working = 60

wage/hr during rest = 30

Total payment per day = (60*6 )+ (30*3) = 450

Total payment for weeks 1 and 3 = 450 * 12 = 5400

For weeks 2 and 4

wage/hr for working = 20

wage/hr during rest = 10

Total payment per day = (20*3 )+ (10*6) = 120

Total payment for weeks 2 and 4 = 120 * 12 = 1440

$$\therefore $$ Total monthly salary = 5400 + 1440 = 6840

Hence, option A.

Probability = $$Expected  number  of  outcomes\div Total  number  of  outcomes$$.

Total number of outcomes = Total number of ways to draw randomly 3 balls out of 12 balls = 12C3 ways.

Expected number of outcomes = Number of ways to draw 2 yellow balls out of 8 and 1 black ball out of 4 = $$8C2\times 4C1$$

$$ Hence Probability = 8C2\times 4C1\div 12C3 = 28\times 4\div 220 = \frac{28}{55}$$

$$cotA = \frac{1}{tanA}$$

let $$tanA = x, then  cotA = \frac{1}{x}$$

Given, x + $$\frac{1}{x} = \sqrt 5$$.............................(1)

Cubing on both sides, we get

$$(x + \frac{1}{x})^3 = \sqrt 5^3$$

$$\Rightarrow x^3 + \frac{1}{x}^3 + 3\times x\times \frac{1}{x}\times (x + \frac{1}{x}) = 5\sqrt 5$$

$$\Rightarrow x^3 + \frac{1}{x}^3 + 3\times \sqrt 5 = 5\sqrt 5$$

$$\Rightarrow x^3 + \frac{1}{x}^3 = 2\sqrt 5$$.

$$\Rightarrow tanA^3 + cotA^3 = 2\sqrt 5$$.

Let the marked price of two balls be X

Given that they were bought at 37.40 rupees at 15% discount.

=> X x $$\ \frac{\ 85}{100}$$=37.40

X= 44
we have considered that the marked price of two balls is X i.e: 44 rupees.

The question is asking to find marked price of each ball

so, answer is 22 rupees

option B

Modulus(2a-3) = 3a+2, which can also be written as |2a-3| = 3a+2.

Modulus function  f(x) = |x| is defined as

|x| = x, for x>0,

|x| = -x, for x<0

So, we get two cases here,

Case (1):

2a-3>0

$$\Rightarrow a>\frac{3}{2}$$........................(1)

|2a-3| = 2a-3 = 3a+2

$$\Rightarrow a = -5$$

But from equation (1), The above value of a = -5 is not a possible case.

Case (2):

2a-3<0

$$\Rightarrow a<\frac{3}{2}$$....................(2)

|2a-3| = -(2a-3) = 3a+2

$$\Rightarrow a = \frac{1}{5}$$

This is a possible case, hence the value of $$a = \frac{1}{5}$$

From 32 litres, 4 litres is drawn out and is replaced with water.

Proportion of wine drawn = 4/32 = 1/8th of the total volume of the wine in the mixture.

When wine is drawn out for the second time, $$(1/8)\times (28) = 3.5$$ litres of wine will be drawn out.

Wine remaining in the jar = 28-3.5 = 24.5 litres

When wine is drawn out for the third time, $$(1/8)\times (24.5) =3.0625$$ litres of wine will be drawn out.

Wine remaining in the jar = 24.5 - 3.0625 = 21.4375 litres

Water in the jar = 10.5625 litres

Ratio of wine remaining in the jar to water remaining in the jar = 343:169

The geometric mean proportion between two numbers 'a' and 'b' is given by $$\sqrt{a\times b}$$

The given two numbers are 30 + $$\sqrt200$$ and 54 - $$\sqrt648$$

which are also equal to 10(3+$$\sqrt2$$) and 18(3-$$\sqrt2$$).

Hence the geometric mean proportion = $$\sqrt {10(3+\sqrt2)\times 18(3-\sqrt2)}$$ = $$\sqrt {180\times (3^2 - (\sqrt2)^2)}$$ = $$\sqrt {1260}$$ = $$6\times \sqrt35$$.

Given Anil is twice as good a student as Bharat

$$\Rightarrow$$ Efficiency  of  Anil : Efficiency  of  Bharat = 2:1

and also, Efficiency is inversely proportional to Time taken,

$$\Rightarrow$$ Time  taken  by  Anil : Time  taken  by  Bharat = 1:2...............................(1)

Given that Time taken by Anil is 30 min less than Bharat's time.

Let say, Time taken by Bharat be 't' minutes.

Then the time taken by Anil = t-30 minutes

Substituting these in equation (1), we get

$$\frac{t-30}{t} = \frac{1}{2}$$

$$\Rightarrow$$ t = 60  minutes.

Therefore the time taken by Anil and Bharat are 30 minutes and 60 minutes respectively.

Let Efficiency of Bharat be 'x', then Efficiency of Anil will be '2x'

$$\Rightarrow$$ Total Work = Efficiency\times Time taken = $$(2x)\times 30 (or) (x)\times 60 = 60x$$  units.

Efficiency when Anil and Bharat are working together = x+2x = 3x

Total Work = 60x units

Time taken(T) by Anil and Bharat together to complete the work = Total work/ Efficiency when Anil and Bharat work together

$$\Rightarrow T = \frac{60x}{3x}$$

$$\Rightarrow$$ T = 20  minutes.

Let the river start from point A and flows towards B, then turns left and reach at hill C. It goes around the hill counter-clockwise in a quarter circle to reach D, and then turns right finally to reach E.

Thus, river is flowing in east direction.

=> Ans - (C)

We are given that :Whenever Preeti’s father is in town, she abstains from school and goes to her aunt’s house.
Now option A says If Preeti has not abstained from school or she has not gone to her aunt’s house, it means that her father is not in town.
Now this can be inferred
Option B says  If Preeti has not abstained from school but her father is in town, then she will definitely go to her aunt’s house.This cannot be inferred as we cannot say she will surely  go to her aunt's house
option C says If Preeti has abstained from school but she has not gone to her aunt’s house, it means that her father is not in town. this can also be inferred as she has not gone to her aunt's house
So A and C both can ne inferred

Lima is seated at one of the extreme corners of the bench. Liyaqat is towards the right of Lima

=> Lima is at left end of row.

There is at least one person sitting between Lillian and Lima, => Now there are tow cases, when there is 1 person between them and when there are 2.

Liyaqat is towards the right of Lima but not towards the right of Lalit.

Case I : 

Case II : 

Thus, only statement which is definitely true is that there is at least one person between Lalit and Lima.

=> Ans - (D)

It is given that Cutty  plays Hockey.

Dolly plays either Basketball or Hockey, => Dolly plays Basketball.

Ali does not play Basketball or Cricket, => Ali plays Kabaddi.

Thus, only one left now is Benu plays Cricket.

=> Ans - (B)

On reading the Roads can be placed as :

We can say R8 R3 are the farthest south and farthest east .

125 small cubes have been together, so we have a 5x5x5 cube.

So,if we want to cover it completely we've need to cover all the sides of it completely, we will just put same cubes over the one of the sides of it and then from both the sides we've to spread it just by one row and so it will cover it properly, and do it for all the other sides.

So, now we will have a 7x7x7 cube.

Thus, number of cubes required to cover it = $$(7\times7\times7)-(5\times5\times5)=218$$

=> Ans - (D)

In short, to cover it completely, cubes required = $$(n+2)^3-(n)^3$$

and to make it hollow, cubes removed = $$(n)^3-(n-2)^3$$

Hitesh gets more marks than Jaikee and Kailash, : H > J, K

Ishan gets more marks than Kailash and Jaikee gets less marks than Ganesh, : I > K and G > J

From above statements, we can conclude that one of either Jaikee or Kailash could be the lowest.

=> Ans - (D)

Given, All cubes are round in shape

From the above statement, it can be inferred that

If a figure is round implies it may or may not be cube because there will be other figures which are round.

If the figure is not cube implies it may or may not be round.

If the figure is not round in shape implies it should not be cube.

If the figure is cube implies it should be round.

Hence, AC and BD will be logically consistent statements with the main statement.

Let us verify the options.

Option (A):

p ÷ q, means p is mother of q.

q x r, means q is daughter of r.

The above two statements together tells us that, p is the wife of r. Hence wife and husband relationship exits between p and r.

Therefore option (A) is the answer.

Option (B):

p - q, means p is the brother of q.

q x r, means q is daughter of r.

The above two statements together doesn't tell us that p and r are related as wife and husband.

Hence, Option (B) is not the answer.

Option (C):

p + q, means p is the sister of q.

q x r, means q is daughter of r.

The above two statements together doesn't tell us that p and r are related as wife and husband.

Hence, Option (C) is not the answer.

Option (D):

p + q, means p is the sister of q.

q - r, ,means q is the brother of r.

The above two statements together doesn't tell us that p and r are related as wife and husband.

Hence, Option (D) is not the answer

If we add the numbers denoted by each alphabet, when we number them as A=1, B=2, C=3.....Z=26

FRIGHTENS : $$6+18+9+7+8+20+5+14+19=106$$

SIMILARLY : $$19+9+13+9+12+1+18+12+25=118$$

DEMONITISATION : $$4+5+13+15+14+9+20+9+19+1+20+9+15+14=167$$

=> Ans - (C)

Wallet C has as many items to its left as to its right, => Wallet C is in middle.

No packet is at any extreme end of the row, => A and B are at ends.

Packet P is to the immediate right of wallet A, => A is at extreme left end.

Packet P is kept to the immediate left of packet R.

Thus, B is at extreme right end.

$$\therefore$$ Packet R is third from left end.

=> Ans - (C)

We need to find the lightest fruit, so we will take the weight scale only.

Cherry is heavier then Black berry and Black berry is heavier then Peach, : C > BB > P

Apple is heavier than Banana, : A > B

Banana is heavier than Black berry, : B > BB

Combining above statements, we get : A > B > BB > P and C > P

Thus, we can conclude that Peach is the lightest.

=> Ans - (A)

Number of 7 in the given series that are followed by an even number but are not preceded by a prime number

= (not a prime number) (7) (even number)

2 3 7 4 3 2 1 5 7 3 2 7 1 0 9 8 7 5 4 7 2 3

Thus, there is only one such 7.

=> Ans - (A)

Each of the three kids gets at least one color box out of 6 color boxes, at least one tiffin box out of 6 tiffin box and at least one chocolate box out of 6 chocolate boxes so that the total number of the items that each of them gets is the same. No one gets the same number of tiffin boxes, color boxes and chocolate boxes.

It is given that the total number of the items that each of them gets is the same.

Total number of items=6+6+6=18

So each one will get 18/3=6 items.

If no one gets the same number of tiffin boxes, color boxes and chocolate boxes

Then the number of items with each must be 1,2,3. 

tiffin boxes     color boxes     chocolate boxes.

      1                     2                         3

      2                     3                         1 

      3                     1                         2.

Only option D is correct.

No lady is either a teacher or an engineer. No two ladies have the same profession.

=> The three females will be doctor, architect and travel agent each.

C is a travel agent and is married to A, who is a teacher, => A is male and C is female.

F, the engineer, is married to D, => F is male (because no females are engineer) and thus D is female.

D is neither a travel agent nor a doctor, => D is architect.

B is the sister of G who is an architect, => B the last remaining female is doctor, and thus G and E are the remaining males.

Thus, E is a travel agent.

=> Ans - (B)

Qills is Bengali and is the father of Tills. Sills is the grandmother of Tills and Sills is from Punjab

=> Sills is mother of Qills.

Uills is the grandfather of Rills., => Uillis is husband of Sills.

Also, Rills and Tills are grandchildren and siblings.

The Telegu person is a female and married, => Pills is wife of Qills.

The remaining two Rills and Uills are Haryanvis.

The married couples are :

=> Ans - (A)

0 = 1$$^2$$-1

6 = 2$$^2$$+2

6 = 3$$^2$$-3

20 = 4$$^2$$+4

20 = 5$$^2$$- 5

42 = 6$$^2$$ + 6

Option A is correct.

Father of Rahul's daughter’s father = Rahuls' father

Now, Samir's only brother = Rahul's father

=> Samir is Rahul's uncle.

=> Ans - (D)

The Green building is the shortest of all the buildings and Pradeep’s flat is in it (5-shortest and 1-tallest)

One person’s name starts with the same letter as the first letter of the building’s colour in which he resides and it is the second tallest of all.

=> There is only one such combination, Rishi and Red.

The building in which Lalita’s flat is located, is neither Blue nor White in colour, => Lalita's flat is Orange.

Also, Lalita's building is taller than RIshi's building, => Its the tallest.

Thus, only true combination is : Lalita-Orange-Tallest.

=> Ans - (C)

Chanakya screens a Horror film in the first slot, while Maratha Mandir exhibits a Historical film in the second slot. DT exhibits a thriller film in the second slot and Regal exhibits a documentary film.

The children’s film and the Cartoon film are exhibited in the same theatre, => Only theatre with two slots left is PVR.

Religious film is not in the first slot, => Religious and Drama are in second slot, and thus Documentary is played in Regal in first slot.

$$\therefore$$ If Chanakya screens a Religious film in its second slot, then Documentary and Drama films can be screened by theatre Regal.

=> Ans - (B)

The last condition i.e If K is not between Z and M, then N is not next to P which is not satisfied in option A.

In Option A, N is next to P since it is a circular arrangement.

Hence, the correct answer is Option A

3 candidates are already selected and now at least one MBA candidate is selected.

Case I : 1 MBA and 2 LLB candidates are selected.

Case II : 2 MBA and 1 LLB candidates are selected.

Case III : 1 each of M.tech, MBA and LLB candidate is selected.

Thus, case I matches the third option.

=> Ans - (C) 

We have most stout are clever and all clever are courageous , however statement D says All stout are courageous which is definitely false as there will be stouts which will neither be clever and or be courageous so D is definitely false

Data arranged as per the statements

Now if Saurabh is a B.Tech, then Denu should be an MBA.

=> Ans - (C)

From the given data, we can cmpile the following table

This table represents that Sender P will send files to Q R S and T
The various ways of transferring files from to PR is
1)PR
2)PQSTR
3)PSTR
4)PTR

Hence 4 ways..

The author mentions, "but I believe that we must acknowledge our potential for limitless evil as well. We must understand what we can do in the way of evil before we can even pretend to be good.".

From this, the author conveys that the sense of morality must begin by understanding our possibilities of evil as well as good.

Hence, option B is the answer.

Throughout the passage, the author talks about the concept of morality. They mention the capacity of humans to be good as well as evil.

From this, we can infer that the author probably taught Philosophy.

Hence, the answer is option D.

The author mentions, "Popular books on how to therapy, stress the glorious potential of every human being
and urge us to accept ourselves, finally, as being only a little lower than the angels."

"Students who have been nourished on pop psychology and told “I’ m O.K.” have some trouble dealing with Conrad, and some of them regard him as perverse."

From the above-mentioned statements of the author, we can infer that he/she is critical of the popular how to books.

Hence, the answer is option A.

"Science in the middle ages struggled against restrictions and there were many fetters to be
destroyed before it could continue unhampered. Superstitions were common and to the masses were much
more acceptable than were scientific explanations."

Hence, the answer is option C.

A fetter is a chain used to restrict movement.

Among the options, "manacle" is the only one synonymous with "fetters".

Manacle is a synonym, referring to handcuffs or restraints.

Hence, the answer is option A.

The scientists of the 16th century differed from those of the medieval times in that a) They accepted scientific theories only after investigation had verified them. The passage states that 16th-century scientists protested the medieval method of accepting theories without verification, with figures like Francis Bacon criticizing classical conclusions and advocating exploration, and Descartes emphasizing questioning everything. This marks a shift toward empirical investigation, unlike the medieval reliance on untested theories and superstitions. b) is incorrect as struggling against restrictions was a medieval trait, not a distinction; c) reverses the 16th-century approach; and d) is invalid since sufficient information is provided. Thus, a) is the best answer.

The author mentions different sales techniques and explains the situations where each of those techniques will be the most effective.  

He is not being critical of any of the techniques, nor is he making an argument for any of them. The author is also not sharing any personal experience. He is trying to persuade people to use the sales techniques that are suitable for their purpose.

Hence, the answer is option A.

"the salesperson must initiate some discussion in order to get the buyer in a positive frame of mind."

Here the author is mentioning the purpose of the salesperson in initiating the discussion. Hence, the answer is option C.

"When this is the case, price becomes a key criterion for the customer."

The phrase "key criterion" means "an important point of consideration". Hence, the answer is option C.

While talking about the consultative approach, the author states, "The consultative approach requires the salesperson to have a thorough understanding of the customer and what the customer is trying to achieve. .... This approach will usually require a number of sales calls as the buying process may be complex."

Hence, the answer is option B.

The author mentions the sales techniques and different situations where each method should be used. He also discusses how a newly formed company should approach its sales operations. Thus, the author knows a great deal about the field.

Hence, among the options, D is the most suitable answer.

Since the company is new and is working on a technology that is first of its kind, every potential customer will look at the product with the same mindset. The company's emphasis should thus be on highlighting the benefits of the technology to the customers. Hence, the narrative approach will be the most effective for this situation.

The answer is option A.

In the second part of the paragraph, the reviewer says, "At lunchtime, Delhi Belly
is so crowded; I wondered when the authorities had last visited the establishment. The line snaked out of the
door to the corner,"

From this, we can infer that we can expect a long line of customers if we go to Delhi Belly for lunch.

Hence, the answer is option A.

Options A, B and C do not talk about the food served at Delhi Belly, but rather about the general atmosphere at the place at lunchtime.

In option D, the critic says that throwing away the plate was the most enjoyable part since he did not like the food.

Hence, the answer is option D.

The review gives a very negative description of the dining experience at Delhi Belly. It says the restaurant is overcrowded, the food is tasteless, and the seating is uncomfortable. The reviewer also talks about having bad interactions with other customers and the staff. In the end, the review suggests that the experience was disappointing and recommends that people should avoid eating there. So, the main point of the review is to warn people not to go to the restaurant.

Perfidy is the state of being faithless and untrustworthy. Betrayal has similar meaning to perfidy.

Answer is option D.

Sabotage - deliberate destruction or damage.

Deliberate subversion → Means intentional undermining or weakening, which aligns closely with sabotage.

The answer is option C.

bashful - shy, reserved

Among the given options, arrogant is most nearly opposite of bashful.

Answer is option B.

Posture and bearing are synonyms to each other.

In the given options, deportment and behaviour are synonyms to each other.

Answer is option B.

Ventriloquism is the production of voice in such a way that sound seems to come from other source(puppet). Option C is most appropriate word for the given context.

Answer is option C.

Maneuvering means skillfully planning or manipulating a situation to achieve a goal. Option B is the best one, because a manager striving to reach the top likely engages in strategic actions and careful planning

The other options do not exactly convey or capture the meaning of the word.

All three statements are judgements, as they are personal opinions and not facts or conclusions based on some data.

Statement 1: Whether God created the Earth or not is not a fact as it cannot be verified. It is also not an inference as it is not based on some given data. It is an opinion and hence can be classified as a judgement.

Statement 2: This again is not a verifiable fact or an inference. It is an opinion which may vary from person to person and thus, classified as judgement.

Statement 3: This statement is clearly a personal opinion as the relative tastes of things are very subjective and depend on the person. Hence, this sentence is also classified as a judgement.

Hence, the answer is option B.

All three sentences are inferences as they draw conclusions based on available information.

Statement 1: It is given that the weather forecast has given an 80% chance of thunderstorms. Based on this information, it is concluded to be a good idea to carry an umbrella.

Statement 2: The throat of the person is sore and their nose is running. Based on these symptoms, they are inferring that they might have a cold.

Statement 3: It is known that there are over 40million volumes in the university library. Based on this it is inferred that the library may also have a copy of the book "Savitri".

Hence, the answer is option B.

"I am so tired that I can sleep for a year."

In the given sentence, the speaker is exaggerating their tiredness by saying that they can "sleep for a year".

Out of the given options, "hyperbole" means "to exaggerate". 

Hence, the answer is option A.

We know that a plane flies at a higher altitude than clouds. Thus, out of the given options, "above" is the most appropriate choice.

Hence, the answer is option B.