Instructions

The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. (If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time.) Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for metaphysics or religion. They would say that God, being omnipotent, could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.

Question 59

Which of the following terms conveys the appropriate meaning of “start of universe”?

The word synonymous with 'start' is 'genesis,' which means 'the beginning of something.' The start/ genesis of the universe is hence appropriate. Since the passage also discusses the origin and theory of the universe, Genesis is an appropriate replacement for the start.

Evolution refers to growing or development, so it is not a replacement for the start.

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