Instructions

Two students, Amiya and Ramya are the only candidates in an election for the position of class representative. Students will vote based on the intensity level of Amiya’s and Ramya’s campaigns and the type of campaigns they run. Each campaign is said to have a level of 1 if it is a staid campaign and a level of 2 if it is a vigorous campaign. Campaigns can be of two types, they can either focus on issues, or on attacking the other candidate.

If Amiya and Ramya both run campaigns focusing on issues, then
• The percentage of students voting in the election will be 20 times the sum of the levels of campaigning of the two students. For example, if Amiya and Ramya both run vigorous campaigns, then 20 × (2+2)%, that is, 80% of the students will vote in the election.
• Among voting students, the percentage of votes for each candidate will be proportional to the levels of their campaigns. For example, if Amiya runs a staid (i.e., level 1) campaign while Ramya runs a vigorous (i.e., level 2) campaign, then Amiya will receive 1/3 of the votes cast, and Ramya will receive the other 2/3. The above-mentioned percentages change as follows if at least one of them runs a campaign attacking their opponent.
• If Amiya runs a campaign attacking Ramya and Ramya runs a campaign focusing on issues, then 10% of the students who would have otherwise voted for Amiya will vote for Ramya, and another 10% who would have otherwise voted for Amiya, will not vote at all.
• If Ramya runs a campaign attacking Amiya and Amiya runs a campaign focusing on issues, then 20% of the students who would have otherwise voted for Ramya will vote for Amiya, and another 5% who would have otherwise voted for Ramya, will not vote at all.
• If both run campaigns attacking each other, then 10% of the students who would have otherwise voted for them had they run campaigns focusing on issues, will not vote at all.

Question 40

If Amiya runs a campaign focusing on issues, then what is the maximum percentage of votes that she can get?

Solution

Amiya runs a campaign on issues, and we need to find the maximum vote share that she can get. 

We are trying to maximise the number of voters for Amiya, that means Amiya needs to run a vigorous campaign. 
Since, we are trying to increase the vote share for Amiya, we want as many voters as possible transferred from Ramya's share to Amiya's votes. 
As the number of votes a candidate receives is proportional to the intensity level of the campaign, we want Ramya also to run a vigorous AND attacking campaign, so that her votes are transferred to Amiya. 

In this scenario we have 20x(2+2)% of the people voting, 80% of the people. Of that, if both had ran issues campaign, they would have each received 40% of the votes. 

Now, we want Ramya to run an attacking campaign, where 20% of the people that would have voted for her vote for Amiya. 
So 20% of 40% of the votes are transferred to Amiya. That is 8% of the votes. And we are also told that, 5% that would have voted for her dont vote, so 5% of 40% dont vote, that is 2% of the voters. 

Final Tally is Amiya gets 48% of the votes, and Ramya gets 30% of the votes. 


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