Cells in Series Combination

Rarely Tested

Cells in Series Combination

### Equivalent EMF

$$E_{eq}=E_1+E_2+...$$

### Equivalent Resistance

$$r_{eq}=r_1+r_2+...$$

### Conditions / Special Cases

For identical cells:

$$E_{eq}=nE$$

$$r_{eq}=nr$$

### Usage

- Used to increase voltage output.

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