Rarely Tested

Effective Nuclear Charge

### Formula:

$$Z_{eff}=Z-S$$

### Terminologies:

- $$Z_{eff}$$ → Effective nuclear charge; actual positive charge experienced by an electron.

- Z → Actual nuclear charge.

- S → Shielding constant; reduction in nuclear attraction due to inner electrons.

### Usage:

- Used to estimate attraction between nucleus and outer electrons.

Question 1

The $$2s$$ and the $$2p$$ orbital energies of hydrogen atom are $$E_{2s}(\mathrm{H})$$ and $$E_{2p}(\mathrm{H})$$, respectively. The $$2s$$ and the $$2p$$ orbital energies of lithium atom are $$E_{2s}(\mathrm{Li})$$ and $$E_{2p}(\mathrm{Li})$$, respectively. The correct option(s) about the orbital energies is(are)

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