Permanent polarization along a Ο-bond due to electronegativity difference. $$-I$$ groups (e.g., $$-NO_2$$, $$-CN$$) withdraw electrons; $$+I$$ groups (e.g., alkyl) donate electrons.
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CAT Formulas
Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
Inductive Effect
Permanent polarization along a Ο-bond due to electronegativity difference. $$-I$$ groups (e.g., $$-NO_2$$, $$-CN$$) withdraw electrons; $$+I$$ groups (e.g., alkyl) donate electrons.
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