CMAT 2025 Slot 2 Question Paper

A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention. Bootstrapping is where entrepreneurs start companies with minimal capital, using personal finances or operating revenues instead of external investments. Crowdfunding is funding a project or venture by raising money from many people, typically via the internet. In business, pivoting is a term that describes the process of changing direction when the current strategy is not delivering the desired results.

Based on the summary provided above, the most suitable sequence of pairs is provided in option B.

The primary reason a startup is pitched to investors is to raise funding from them and secure further growth. Sentence A captures this and is correct. Sentence B is also correct; both innovation and adaptability are characteristics of an entrepreneurial mindset. Sentence C is incorrect; a non-profit organisation does not qualify as a startup. Sentence D states a fact: Neeti Aaayog was indeed known as the Planning Commission. Sentence E also states a fact: Dr Manmohan Singh was a Governor of the RBI and had passed away recently.

Sentences A, B, D, and E are true, and option C is the correct answer.

Ideation refers to the process of developing and conveying prescriptive ideas to others, typically in a business setting. It describes the sequence of thoughts, from the original concept to implementation. Pivoting is the action that a business or a startup takes to find a new footing in a changing business landscape, and it cannot be a process a startup goes through in its initial days. Scaling is essentially growing your revenue without significantly affecting costs. This cannot be a process that takes place during the early days of a startup. Bootstrapping is where entrepreneurs start companies with minimal capital, using personal finances or operating revenues instead of external investments. Still, since this might not apply to all startups, the best answer is option A, ideation.

Option A presents a fact. Dr Manmohan Singh served as the Finance Minister in the Union Government from 1991 to 1996. Option B also presents a fact. Dr Manmohan Singh served as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India from 1982 to 1985. He also became the UGC chairman in 1991. Therefore, option C is also true. Dr. Manmohan Singh became Prime Minister as a member of the Rajya Sabha (the upper house), not the Lok Sabha (the lower house). He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1999 but lost that election, while he was elected to the Rajya Sabha multiple times and served there when he became Prime Minister in 2004. Option D is the only false statement, and it is the correct answer.

A feasibility study includes an assessment of market, technical, financial, operational, and legal factors to determine a project's viability. Key components include market analysis, technical evaluation, cost-benefit analysis, and risk assessment, which provide a comprehensive report on the project's potential success. A, C, D, and E directly follow from this. B presents corporate leadership analysis, which is primarily irrelevant. 

The correct answer is option A:  A, C, D, and E only.

An innovator is a person who develops a new design, product, or idea, or who has new ideas about how to do something. A laggard is someone who takes more time than necessary or someone who lags behind. The early majority is the first sizable segment of a population to adopt a new or innovative technology. In contrast, the early adopters are persons or businesses that acquire a new product or technology before others.

Based on the summary provided above, the most suitable pairs are provided in option C, which is the correct answer.