In the following questions, you have two brief passages with 5 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.

These days we hear a lot about science, but scientists, the men and women who do the work and make the discoveries, seem distant and strange to us. Science often appears to be very difficult and sometimes even magical. It is difficult of course, but we are wrong if we believe that we cannot understand it. The chief thing about the scientific method is that we get the answers to questions by making tests. The man, to take an example, who finds his bicycle tyre is flat will pump some air into it. Suppose one hour later the tyre is flat again, if the man is wise, he will first test the valve in water. If he finds air is escaping from it he will put in a new piece of valve-rubber and then pump up the tyre. All should then be well again. This man is using a simple form of scientific method. If the man was very ‘unscientific’ he might say to himself that an evil spirit had caused the tyre to go flat.