Question 6

The sum of four distinct prime numbers is $$240$$. If none of the four primes is greater than $$70$$, what is the smallest of the four numbers?


Correct Answer: 53

All primes other than $$2$$ are odd. If $$2$$ were one of the four primes, then $$2+\text{(odd)}+\text{(odd)}+\text{(odd)}$$ would be odd, while the required sum is $$240$$ (even). Hence none of the four primes is $$2$$; all four primes are odd.

List of odd primes not exceeding $$70$$ (in increasing order): $$3,\,5,\,7,\,11,\,13,\,17,\,19,\,23,\,29,\,31,\,37,\,41,\,43,\,47,\,53,\,59,\,61,\,67$$.

Let the four distinct primes be $$p_1 \lt p_2 \lt p_3 \lt p_4 \le 70$$ with $$p_1+p_2+p_3+p_4 = 240$$.

To make $$p_1$$ as small as possible, make the other three primes as large as possible (but still distinct and $$\le 70$$). The three largest distinct primes $$\le 70$$ are $$67, 61, 59$$ whose sum is $$67+61+59 = 187$$.

Therefore $$p_1 + 187 = 240 \;\;\Longrightarrow\;\; p_1 = 240-187 = 53$$.

Check: $$53,\,59,\,61,\,67$$ are all primes $$\le 70$$ and $$53+59+61+67 = 240$$. Thus the choice $$p_1 = 53$$ is attainable, and any smaller prime fails (because even using the three largest permissible primes does not reach $$240$$).

Hence the smallest of the four numbers is 53.

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