In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

The concept of (1)________ refers to the ability of an organism to change in response to its
environment. Adaptation can occur through (2)________, which involves genetic changes
passed down from one generation to the next, or (3)________ ontogeny, which involves
changes in an individual's lifetime. Adaptation is a fundamental concept in biology, and it
plays a crucial role in the (4) ________ of species over time. Organisms that are well-adapted
(5)________ their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to future
generations.