CONVERSATION ANALYSIS: Read thefollowing transcript and choose theanswer that is closest to each of thequestions that are based on thetranscript.
Lucia Rahilly (Global Editorial Director,The McKinsey Podcast): Today we'retalking about the next big arenas ofcompetition, about the industries thatwill matter most in the global businesslandscape, which you describe asarenas of competition. What do wemean when we use this term?
Chris Bradley (Director, McKinseyGlobal Institute): If I go back and look atthe top ten companies in 2005, theywere in traditional industries such as oiland gas, retail, industrials, andpharmaceuticals. The average companywas worth about
250 billion. If Iadvance the clock forward to 2020, ninein ten of those companies have beenreplaced, and by companies that areeight times bigger than the old guards.
And this new batch of companiescomes from these new arenas orcompetitive sectors. In fact, they're sodifferent that we have a nickname forthem. If you're a fan of Harry Potter, it'swizards versus muggles.
Arena industries are wizard-ish; wefound that there's a set of industries thatplay by very different set of economicrules and get very different results,while the rest, the muggles (eventhough they run the world, finance theworld, and energize the world), play bya more traditional set of economic rules.
Lucia Rahilly: Could we put a finer pointon what is novel or different about thelens that you applied to determinewhat's a wizard and what's a muggle?
Chris Bradley: Wizards are defined bygrowth and dynamism. We looked atwhere value is flowing and the placeswhere value is moving.
And where is the value flowing? Whatwe see is that this set of wizards, which represent about ten percent ofindustries, hog 45 percent of the growthin market cap. But there's anotherdimension or axis too, which isdynamism. That is measured by a newmetric we've come up with called the"shuffle rate." How much does thebottom move to the top? It turns out thatin this set of wizard-ish industries, orarenas, the shuffle rate is much higherthan it is in the traditional industry.
Lucia Rahilly: So, where are we seeingthe most profit?
Chris Bradley: The economic profit,which is the profit you make minus thecost for the capital you employ is in thewizard industries. It's where R&Dhappens; they're two times more R&Dintensive. They're big stars, the nebulae,where new business is born.
For the following questions answer them individually
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph.Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enterthe sequence of numbers in the space provided.
1. Among its major urban centres, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro stand out as primeexamples of this architectural prowess, revealing large public structures,residential areas, and sophisticated water management systems indicative of acomplex societal structure.
2. Showing remarkable sophistication for its time, this ancient culture developedmeticulously planned cities, complete with advanced sanitation systems andintricate grid layouts that underscore its profound understanding of urban designand engineering.
3. Economically, the civilization thrived on a foundation of extensive tradenetworks, connecting them with distant lands, alongside a robust agriculturalsystem that sustained its large populations and facilitated surplus production.
4. Despite its impressive achievements and longevity, the reasons behind theeventual decline of this remarkable civilization remain largely enigmatic,prompting ongoing research and speculation among historians andarchaeologists.
5. The Indus Valley Civilization, flourishing in the Bronze Age, represents one ofhumanity's earliest urban societies, evidenced by archaeological discoveriesdating back thousands of years.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph.Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enterthe sequence of numbers in the space provided.
1. Using the wonders of Artificial Intelligence (Al), they quickly improved upon thoseskills to become far more dexterous.
2. Inside a robotics laboratory of the Toyota Research Institute, a group of robots isbusy cooking. There is nothing special about that; robotic chefs have been aroundfor a while.
3. Despite their extraordinary culinary capabilities, these robots are not destined fora career in catering.
4. But these robots are more proficient than most: flipping pancakes, slicingvegetables, and making pizzas with ease.
5. The difference is that instead of being laboriously programmed to carry out theirtasks, the Toyota robots have been taught only a basic set of skills.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph.Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enterthe sequence of numbers in the space provided.
1. Seven of the ten worst affected countries (including India) are low- and middle-income countries.
2. Between 1993 and 2022, India was the sixth worst-affected country in terms offatalities and damage sustained from extreme weather events wrought by theclimate crisis.
3. High income nations, whose economies are founded in industrial era use of fossilfuels, meanwhile, insist that growing economies, especially India and China,shoulder greater responsibility.
4. This reinforces the developing world's contention that it has had to bear adisproportionate burden of climate afflictions despite having contributed little tothe crisis.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph.Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enterthe sequence of numbers in the space provided.
1. When we take time to notice these moments, we discover hidden beauty thatsparks our creative thoughts because creativity isn’t just about rare, amazingevents—it’s also about finding the special in the ordinary.
2. Creativity is often seen as the ability to look at the world in a new way—to turneveryday sights, sounds, and experiences into art or ideas.
3. In fact, inspiration can come from small details of daily life: the gentle warmth ofmorning sunlight on a kitchen counter, the steady sound of traffic outside, or thebrief smile of a stranger on a busy street.
4. Many people wrongly think that true creativity only comes from big ideas orexciting adventures.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph.Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enterthe sequence of numbers in the space provided.
1. In drought conditions, water often depletes in the topsoil and remains accessibleonly in the deeper subsoil layers.
2. A new study gives new insights into how the acid changes root growth angles toenable plants to reach out deeper subsoils in search of water.
3. Plants rely on their root systems, the primary organs for interacting with soil, toactively seek water.
4. Abscisic acid plays an important role in helping plants adapt to these challengingconditions.