Dispersion of Light

Aurora Borealis is a colorful sky display caused by the Emission of radiation from oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by charged particles (5) $$\implies$$ (P) $$\to$$ (5)

Partially polarized sun light results from the Scattering of light by molecules in the atmosphere (Rayleigh scattering) (4) $$\implies$$ (Q) $$\to$$ (4)

Rainbow formation is primarily described by a combination of Dispersion and reflection inside water droplets (1) $$\implies$$ (R) $$\to$$ (1)

Dark and bright fringes are produced by the superposition of wavelets via Diffraction or interference (3) $$\implies$$ (S) $$\to$$ (3)