Electronegativity ($$\chi$$) Scales

Formula Frameworks:

$$\chi_A - \chi_B = 0.1017 \cdot \sqrt{\Delta} \qquad \text{and} \qquad \chi_M = \frac{\text{IE} + \text{EGA}}{2}$$

Concept: Estimates an atom's power to pull covalent bonding pairs toward itself, calculated either via ionic resonance deviations or mathematically averaging energy thresholds.

Notation:

• $$\chi_A, \chi_B$$ = Pauling electronegativity values;
• $$\Delta$$ = Bond resonance energy in $$\text{kcal mol}^{-1}$$;
• $$\chi_M$$ = Mulliken electronegativity using parameters in electron-volts ($$\text{eV}$$).