According to the passage, egalitarianism will not survive if
CLAT 2012 Question Paper
Read the given passage carefully and attempt the questions that follow.
The work which Gandhiji had taken up was riot only regarding the achievement of political freedom but also the establishment of a new social order based on truth and nonviolence, unity and peace, equality and universal brotherhood and maximum freedom for all. This unfinished part of his experiment was perhaps even more difficult to achieve than the achievement of political freedom. In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign power and all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his/her moral support. In establishing a social order on this pattern, there was a strong possibility of a conflict arising between diverse groups and classes of our own people. Experience shows that man values his possessions even more than his life because in the former he sees the means for perpetuation and survival of his descendants even after his body is reduced to ashes. A new order cannot be established without radically changing (he mind and attitude of men towards properly and, at some stage or the other, the 'haves' have to yield place to the 'havenots'. We have seen, in our time, attempts to achieve a kind o( egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But this was done, by and large, through the use of physical force.
In the ultimate analysis it is difficult, if not impossible, to say that the instinct to possess has been rooted out or that it will not reappear in an even worse form under a different guise. If may even be that, like a gas kept confined within containers under great pressure, or water held back by a big dam, once the barrier breaks, the reaction will one day sweep back with a violence equal in extent and intensity to what was used to establish and maintain the outward egalitarian form. This enforced Egalitarianism contains, in its bosom, the seed of its own destruction.
The root cause of class conflict is possessive emeses or the acquisitive instinct. So long as the ideal that is to be achieved is one of securing the maximum material satisfaction, possessiveness is neither suppressed nor eliminated but grows on what it feeds. Nor does it cease to be possessiveness, whether it is confined to only a few or is shared by many.
If egalitarianism is to endure, it has to be based not on the possession of the maximum material goods by a few or by all but on voluntary, enlightened renunciation of those goods
which cannot be shared by others or can be enjoyed only at the expense of others. This calls for substitution of material values by purely spiritual ones. The paradise of material satisfaction, 'which is sometimes equated with progress these days, neither spells peace nor progress Mahatma Gandhi has shown us how the acquisitive instinct inherent in man can be transmuted by the adoption of the ideal of trusteeship by those who 'have' for the benefit of all those who 'have not' so that, instead of leading to exploitation and conflict, it would become a means and incentive for the amelioration and progress of society respectively.
According to the passage, why does man value his possessions more than his life?
According to the passage, which was the unfinished part of Gandhi's experiment?
Which of the following statements is 'not true' in the context of the passage?
According to the passage, true egalitarianism will last only if
According to the passage, people ultimately overturn a social order............
According to the passage, the root cause of class conflict is
Which of the following statements is 'not true' in the context of the passage?
Which of the following conclusions can be deduced from the passage?
According to the passage, what does "adoption of the ideal of trusteeship" mean?
Choose the correct synonym out of the four choices given.
Lethargy
Emaciated
Latent
Sporadic
Compendium
Choose the correct option out of the four choices given
Give an example pertinent...................the case.
My voice reverberated ................... the walls of the castle.
The reward was not commensurate ...................the work done by us.
Our tragic experience in the recent past provides an index...................the state of lawlessness in this region.
Your conduct smacks .................... recklessness.
A good judge never gropes...................the conclusion.
Nobody in our group is a genius................... winning friends and unconvincing people.
If you are averse ............................... recommending my name, you should not hesitate to admit it.
Religious leaders should not delve ...................politics.
What you say has hardly any bearing ...................the lives of tribals.
Select the correct meaning of the italicized idioms and phrases out of the four choices given.
He burnt his fingers by interfering in his neighbour's affair.
Mr. Gupta, who is one of the trustees of a big charity, is suspected of feathering his own nest.
Mrs. Hashmi has been in the blues for the last several weeks.
For the first week, the apprentice felt like a fish out of water.
His friends failed to see why he should ride the high horse just because he had won an election.
Given below are the jumbled sentences of a paragraph. The first and the last sentence of the jumbled, paragraph are given in correct order. Arrange the middle sentences in the correct sequence.
i. On one hand we are proud of being Indians,
ii. On the other hand we behave as if we were still at the dawn of our civilization
iii. Murders of our own brothers and sisters is not the way to please Ram or Rahim
iv. The citizens of the land where Buddha and Gandhi taught
v. the principles of love and nonviolence,
vi. nor does it fetch us any prosperity.
i. On the basis of experiments with rats
ii. health experts here say that
iii. exercise more and consume vitamins,
iv. they will live up to 100 years or more
v. if humans eat less,
vi. and be vigorous in their eighties and nineties.
i. The release of atomic energy is the greatest achievement which science has yet attained
ii. but the first invention to which their discoveries were applied was a bomb
iii. the atom was split by physicists whose minds were set on the search for knowledge
iv. it was more deadly than any other weapon invented so far
v. it is with dread that scientists regard the first use to which their greatest discovery was put
vi. however, they are gratified by the numerous applications of atomic energy for peaceful and constructive population.
i. The problem of food is intimately connected with population
ii. wages will seldom rise in proportion to the rising prices
iii. the market is governed by demand and supply
iv. without enough food such people lack health, strength of efficiency
v. if too many people demand goods to go round, prices will rise and poor classes will starve
vi. They fall an easy prey to all sorts of diseases.
i. India's message has always been one of love and peace.
ii. our Buddha was the light of Asia
iii. it has been a source of light and wisdom to the rest of the world
iv. Ashoka, moved by the horrors of Kalinga War, adopted the message of non-violence
v. the greatest apostle of non-violence in recent years was Mahatma Gandhi
vi. he shook the foundation of the British rule in India through non-violence.
Given below are a few commonly used foreign language phrases, select the correct answer from the four options given below.
mala fide
Tabula rasa
Carte blanche
De jure
Raison d'etre
For the following questions answer them individually
Who said that, 'Man is a social animal'?
World Computer Literacy day is celebrated on
Whose teaching inspired the French Revolution?
The II Africa-India Summit was held in May 2011 in
The famous Akshardham temple is situated in the city of
Who out of the following was the recipient of Dhyan Chand Award in 2011?
Name the annual fair of Rajasthan that is famous for its camel trading event.
The 39th G-8 summit will be held in 2013 in
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 2012?
Who was awarded the UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize in 2012?
December 10 is observed as
Which is the largest gland in human body?
The book titled 'The Google Story' has been authored by
Which strait separates Europe from Africa?
Taiwan was earlier known as
Identify the Indian Tennis player who has turned Hollywood filmmaker.
Where will the next Olympic Games be held in 2016?
Which of the following teams has won the Santosh Trophy Football Championship in 2013?
Excess of money supply as compared to supply of goods results in
The largest living flightless bird is
Which of the following oceans has the shape of the English letter 'S'?
Which is the longest shipping canal in the world?
Le Corbusier, the architect of Chandigarh was a national of
India became a member of UNO in
To which country does India export the largest quantity of iron ore?
The longest highway in India runs from
The longest irrigation canal in India is called
Leukemia is a disease related to
In which city was Osama Bin Laden killed in May 2011?
The XI Five-Year Plan envisaged the highest growth in the sector of
Light year is a unit of
The $$5^{th}$$ summit of BRICS was held in Darban on
An indigenous nuclear submarine still under construction has been named as
Government of India has launched a publicity campaign for census 2011 in association with which of the following UN organization?
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) completed how many years of operation in 2013?
The first ever formula one race in India was held in
Name the actor who has been honoured with the Dadasaheb Phnlke Award in 2013.
In which city was the Arab Summit held in the last week of March 2013?
The two Supreme Court Judges who delivered the famous 2-G judgment in February 2012 were
Who presides over the joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament?
Christian Lagarde heads the
The seat of International Criminal Court is at
First Indian to ski to North Pole is
First woman Director-General of Police in India was
Which countries co-hosted the One-day cricket World Cup in 2011?
Priyanka Chopra has been named National Ambassador of
Who is leading in the Republican primaries to contest the American Presidential election scheduled in November 2012?
Supreme Court recently declared 'Salva Judum' unconstitutional. What is 'Salva Judum'?
As per the Indian Union Budget of 2013-14, the income-tax exemption limit for persons below 60 years of age is
The U.N. Climate Change Conference 2013 was held in
P sells a table to Q at a profit of 10% and Q sells it to R at a profit of 12%. If R pays Rs. 246.40 for it, then how much had P paid for it?
The least value of x, for which the expression x2+x+17 will not give a prime number, is
A train 300 metres long is running at a speed of 25 meters per second, it will cross a bridge 200 metres long in
If 0.06% of a number is 84, then 30% of that number is
A sum was divided among P, Q & R. R got double than P who got double than Q. If the difference between the shares of Q and R is Rs. 3675.00, then the sum in rupees is
If the ratio of the areas of two squares is 25 : 36, then the ratio of their perimeters is
The denominator of a fraction is greater than its numerator by 11. If 8 is added to both its numerator and denominator, then it becomes A. The fraction is
The value $$\frac{1}{x^2} + \frac{1}{y^2}$$ where $$X = 2 + \sqrt{3} Y = 2 - \sqrt{3}$$
If the volume of a sphere is divided by its surface area, we obtain 27 cm. The radius of the sphere is
One-third of one-fourth of a number is 12. Then the number is
In the number series 4, 10, 23, 50, 104, 216, 439 the wrong number is
The price of 2 trousers and 4 shirts is Rs. 1,600. With the same amount one can buy 1 trouser and 6 shirts. If one wants to buy 12 shirts, he has to pay
If $$x = \left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2} \left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{-4}$$, the value of $$x^{-2}$$ is
A dealer buys an article for Rs. 380.00. What price should he mark so that after allowing a discount of 5% he still makes a profit of 25% on the article?
In a factory, the production of scooters rose to 48,400 from 40,000 in 2 years. The rate of growth per annum is
If $$x + \frac{1}{x} = 3$$ fimd $$x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2}$$
When $$16X^4 + 12 A^3 - 10.X^2 + 8X + 20$$ is divided by $$4X - 3$$, the quotient and the remainder are, respectively
The sum of two numbers is 2490. If 6.5% of one number is equal to 8.5% of the other, the numbers are
120 men had food provision for 200 days. After 5 days, 30 men died of an epidemic. The food will last for further
Out of the total income, X spends 20% on house rent and 70% of the remaining amount on household expenditure. If X saves Rs. 1800, the total income is
Given below are some statements followed by two arguments. Read carefully and decide which of the arguments strongly support the statement.
Statement: Should the pay scale and conditions of service of government employees be made applicable to private sector employees?
Arguments:
i. No, this will develop inertia, inefficiency and would adversely affect spirit of competition.
ii. Yes, this will enhance dedication to work and institutional loyalty
Statement: Should a strong institution of ombudsman be created in India?
Arguments:
i. Yes, this will bring transparency and accountability in the administration
ii. No, this will develop lack of initiative and flexibility in the administration.
Statement: Should internal assessment in colleges and universities be abolished?
Arguments:
i. Yes, this will eliminate the possibility of favouritism.
ii. No, teaching faculty will lose control over the students and this would adversely affect their academic growth.
Statement: Should military training be made compulsory for all college and university students?
Arguments:
i. Yes, this will develop in them a sense of punctuality and discipline
ii. No, military training should be given only to those students who are physically fit.
Statement: Should students' union in colleges and universities be abolished?
Arguments:
i. Yes, it detracts students from academic and career development.
ii. No, all great leaders have been students' union leaders.
Statement: Should the age of marriage be raised to 25 years for boys and 21 for girls?
Arguments:
i. No, it is difficult to change a social practice in Indian conditions.
ii. Yes, by that age people develop .t sense of responsibility and also complete their education.
Each question contains six statements followed by four sets of combination of three. Choose the set in which the statements are logically related.
Statements:
(i) X and Y are siblings.
(ii) X and Y do not quarrel.
(iii) Siblings are known to quarrel often.
(iv) X and Y quarrel often.
(v) All those who quarrel are siblings.
(vi) X and Y cannot be siblings.
Statements:
i. All mangoes are fruits.
ii. All mangoes are green.
iii. All mangoes are oval shaped.
iv. All fruits are sweet.
v. All mangoes are sweet.
vi. All fruits are expensive.
Statements:
(i) All frogs are amphibians.
(ii) A If amphibians are not frogs.
(iii) All amphibians are cold blooded.
(iv) All frogs lay eggs.
(v) All amphibians lay eggs.
(vi) Frogs are cold blooded.
Statements:
(i) Some men are of short- height.
(ii) Short-heighted men are intelligent.
(iii) Sudhir is a man.
(iv) Sudhir is of short-height.
(v) Sudhir is intelligent.
(vi) All men are intelligent.
Of the four alternatives given in each of the following questions, find the one which is different from the rest.
Each question below has two statements followed by four conclusions: II, III and IV. You have to accept the given statements to be true, even if they appear to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two statements:
Statement One: All girls are students.
Statement Two: All doctors are students.
Conclusions:
I. All girls are students.
II. Some students are girls.
III. Some students are doctors.
IV. All doctors are girls.
Statement One: All researchers are sociologists
Statement Two: Some researchers are professors.
Conclusions:
I. All researchers are professors.
II. Some researchers are professors.
III. Some professors are sociologists.
IV. Some sociologists are researchers.
Statement One: Some democracies are dictatorship
Statement Two: No dictatorship is a monarchy. Conclusions:
I. No democracy is a monarchy.
II. No dictatorship is a democracy.
III. some democracies are monarchy.
IV. Some dictatorships are democracies.
The following questions comprise of one or more statements. Answer the questions on the basis of the given statement(s). Accept the factual assumptions required by the question, even if you believe that the statement is false.
Statements:
I. Cheese is bad for people with high-cholesterol.
II. Sumeet does not eat cheese. Assuming that (i) and (ii) are true, which of the following statement follows?
Statement:
I. Democrats are secularists.
Which of the following statements, if true, would show that the above statement is false?
Statement: "Where there is a cloud, there is a rain." Which of the following statements, if true, would show that the above statement is false?
Read the following information carefully and then answer the questions.
Four friends W, X, V and Z are students of Class 10th. W and X are good in Hindi but poor in English. W and Y are good in Science but poor in Mathematics. Y and Z are good in English but poor in Social Studies. Z and X are good in Mathematics as well as in Science.
Who amongst the following friends is not good in Mathematics but good in Hindi?
Which of the following pairs of friends are good, both in English and Science?
Which of the following statements is definitely true?
Select the statement which logically follows the two given statements.
Statements:
I. No athletes are vegetarians.
II. All players arc athletes.
III. Therefore.................................
Statements :
I. All persons who have done any creative work can be responsible critics
II. Z has not done any creative work
III. Therefore.......................................
Statement:
I. One who has squared a circle is not a mathematician
II. Therefore.................................................
For the following questions answer them individually
Statement: The Supreme Court of India is encouraging Public Interest Litigation
I. To increase the reach of justice to the disadvantaged sections of society
II. To quicken the pace of Justice Identify the correct reason for the aforementioned statement.
Yoga has become a very popular exercise, but it may not be for everyone. If you are interested in high energy and fast workouts, yoga may not be the best choice. Therefore, evaluate your fitness requirement before joining yoga classes.
Statistics allows us to understand the reality. It indicates developmental directions. Statistics is good for exposing reality, but it can also be manipulated to perpetuate
untruth and misunderstanding. Data has power to mislead people.
Technology has developed out of stone tools which were used in ancient times. At first, development of new technology was slow, but after neo-liberal economic policy
was adopted there has been a tremendous growth in technology sector. This paragraph best supports the statement that:
Given below is a pair of events I and II. You have to decide their nature of relationship. Assume that the given information is correct and final
I. Prices of toys in the market have gone down
II. Government has reduced import duty on toys.
I. Inflation rate in India has come down
II. Reserve Bank of India has increased interest rate.
I. More and more students are opting for legal education
II. Bar Council of India has introduced Bar Examination
I. Sea level is steadily rising
II. Global Warming is a serious problem which the world is facing
I. Financial Institutions are Ian, unregulated
II. Today, world is passing through a serious phase of economic crisis
For the following questions answer them individually
An argument is given below, on the basis of that argument; find out the parallel argument from the given list of subsequent arguments
Argument: Himalayan Sparrows are disappearing. This bird is an Indian bird; therefore, Indian birds are disappearing.
Each question below is followed by arguments. Choose the most appropriate choice from the options given
Question: Should Judicial Activism be discouraged?
Arguments:
I. No, it would lead to executive dictatorship
II. Yes, Judiciary should stay in the constitutional limits
Question: Should the Judiciary be independent of Executive and Legislature?
Arguments:
I. Yes, this is necessary to ensure impartiality in the administration of Justice
II. No, it will develop inertia in Executive and Legislature
Question: Should E-Governance be introduced at every level of public administration?
Arguments:
I. Yes, it will reduce corruption
II. No, it will lead to unemployment
Question Should there be a world Government?
Arguments:
I. Yes, it will eliminate inter-state conflicts
II. No, Rich and Powerful countries will dominate it
For the following questions answer them individually
Some philosophers believe that a concept which cannot be verified can still be valid because of its inner logic which ennobles it." In the light of the above statement, decide the status o' the statement given below.
Statement: "Every person has certain inherent and inalienable rights which must be protected by Rule of Law."
Principle: Only Parliament or State Legislatures have the authority to enact laws on their own. No law made by the State can take away a person's fundamental right.
Facts: Parliament enacted a law, which according to a group of lawyers is violating the fundamental rights of traders. A group of lawyers files a writ petition challenging the Constitutional validity of the statute seeking relief to quash the statute and further direct Parliament to enact a new law.
Principle: When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that person to such an act or abstinence, he is said to have made a proposal.
Fact: "Ramanuj telegraphed to Shy am Sunder, writing: "Will you sell me your Rolls Royce Car? Telegram the lowest cash price." Shyam Sunder also replied by telegram: "Lowest price for Car is Rs. 20 lakh." Ramanuj immediately sent his consent through telegram stating: “agree to buy the Car for Rs. 20 lakh asked by you." Shyam Sunder refused to sell the car.
Principle: Every person, who is of the age of majority, is competent to contract according to the law to which he is subject.
Facts: A minor mortgaged his house in favour of Thakur Das, a money lender, to secure a loan of Rs. 20,000. A part of this, i.e., Rs. 10,500 was actually advanced to him. While considering the proposed advance, the attorney who was acting for the money lender, received information that the plaintiff was still a minor. Subsequently the minor commenced, an action stating that he was underage when he executed the mortgage and the same should, therefore, be cancelled. 1 le prayed for setting aside the mortgage. The mortgagee money lender prayed for the refund of Rs. 10,300 from the minor.
Principle: A person is said to be of sound mind for the purpose of making a contract if, at the time when he makes it, he is capable of understanding it and of forming a rational judgment as to its effect upon his interests.
Facts: Mr. X who is usually of sound state of mind, but occasionally of unsound state of mind, enters into a contract with Mr. V when he was of unsound state of mind. Mr. Y having come to know about this fact afterwards wants to file a suit against Mr. X
Principle
I. The state shall not deny to any person equality before the law and equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
II. The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth or any of them.
Facts: The Government of Rajasthan, passed an order providing for reservations for the Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes and Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (including Muslims), and Women, in all institutions of higher education, including private educational institutions, both aided as well as unaided, in the following manner: Scheduled Caste-15%; Scheduled Tribe-75%, Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (including Muslims) - 27%
I. The reservation policy of the government is violative of the principle of equality envisaged in the Constitution
II. The reservation policy is unconstitutional because it is based on 'caste' which is a prohibited marker
III. Reservation does not violate equality clause as it entails "like should be treated like and unlike should be treated differently."
IV. Reservation does not violate equality clause as the Constitution itself enables the State to make special provision for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Principle: Nothing is an offence merely by reason of its being done v. with the knowledge that it is likely to cause harm, if it be done without any criminal intention to cause harm, and in good faith for the purpose of preventing or avoiding other harm to a person or property.
Facts: Mr. Sharman, the Captain of a steam vessel, suddenly and without any fault or negligence on his part, finds himself in such a position that, before he can stop his vessel, he must inevitably run down a boat B, with twenty or thirty passengers on board, unless he changes the course of his vessel, and that, by changing his course, he must incur the risk of running down a boat C with only two passengers on board and which he may possibly clear.
Principle: Wilful rash driving is an offence.
Facts: Mr. Tiwari was driving his car after drinking alcohol. Police books him for wilful negligent driving. Is the act of the police lawful?
Principle: Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person without that person's consent, moves that property with an intention to take it, is said to commit theft.
Facts: Y cuts down a tree on Z's ground with the intention of dishonestly taking it out of Z's possession without Z's consent. Y could not take away the tree.
Principle: Injuria Sine Damnum i.e. Injury (violation of legal right) without damage
Facts: X, who was the returning officer at a polling booth in Amethi, wrongly refused to register a duly tendered vote of Y in the recent UP elections, even though Y was an eligible voter. The candidate in whose favour Y wanted to vote was declared elected. Give the appropriate answer—
Principle: Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of unsound state of mind, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or something that he is doing is either wrong or contrary to law.
Fact: X takes his son Y who is three years old, for bathing to the well. I le throws his son inside the well so that the son can have a good bath. After 10 minutes he also jumps into the well to take bath and get his son out of the well. Both were rescued by the villagers but his son was found dead.
Principle: Ignorance of Fact is excused but ignorance of law is no excuse
Fact: X was a passenger from Zurich to Manila in a Swiss Plane. When the plane landed at the Airport of Bombay on 28 Nov. 1962 it was found on searching that X carried 34 kg of Gold Bars on his person and that he had not declared it in the 'Manifest for Transit'. On 26th November, 1962 the Government of India had issued a notification modifying its earlier exemption, making it mandatory now that the gold must be declared in the 'Manifest" of the aircraft.
Principle: Proposal (communication) + Acceptance (communication) + Consideration = Contract. The communication of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made.
Facts: X's nephew absconded from home. He sent his servant in search of the boy. After the servant had left, X by handbills offered to pay Rs. 501 to anybody finding his nephew. The servant came to know of this offer only after he had already traced the missing child. He, therefore, brought an action to recover the reward.
Principle: Agreements, the meaning of which is not certain, or not capable of being made certain, are void.
Facts: A horse was bought for a certain price coupled with a promise to give Rs. 500 more if the horse is proved lucky.
Principle: Mere silence as to the facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not a fraud, unless the circumstances of the case are such that. on close
examination it is found to be the duty of the person keeping silent to speak, or unless his silence is, in itself, equivalent to speech.
Facts: X sells by auction to Y, a horse which X knows to be of unsound state of mind. X says nothing to V about the horse's unsound state of mind. Give the correct answer—
Principle: Any direct physical interference with goods in somebody's possession without lawful justification is called trespass of goods.
Facts: Z purchased a car from a person who had no title to it and sent it to a garage for repair. X believing wrongly that the car was his, removed it from the garage.
Each of the next nine questions consists of two statements, one labeled as 'Assertion' (A) and other as 'Reason' (R). You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the correct answers.
Assertion (A): A void contract is not necessarily illegal
Reason (R): Every illegal contract is void.
Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th November, 1949.
Reason (R): Law Day is celebrated in India on 26th November every year.
Assertion (A): The State shall not make any law, which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by Part III (Fundamental Rights) and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
Reason (R): The fundamental rights are the rights reserved by the people and for this reason they are eternal and sacrosanct.
Assertion (A): Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Part IV shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.
Reason (R): Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights are both complementary to each other but in case of any controversy fundamental rights will prevail.
Assertion (A): All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
Reason (R): Institutions established by the minorities are not entitled to governmental aid and government is not under an obligation to give aid.
Assertion (A): The right to move the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the fundamental rights is guaranteed as a fundamental right.
Reason (R): Supreme Court of India has been appointed as the guardian of the Constitution.
Assertion (A): If the budget presented to the Rajya Sabha in not passed in the stipulated period, the budget proposals are not affected.
Reason (R): The Lok Sabha is more powerful, in financial matters, than the Rajya Sabha.
Assertion (A): In the Event of violation of any legal right (tort) the aggrieved party is entitled to recover unliquidated damages.
Reason (R): The object of awarding damages to the aggrieved party is to put him in the same position in which he would have been if the wrong would not have been committed. Damages are therefore, assessed on that basis.
Assertion (A): During inflation, there is increase in money supply and rise in price level.
Reason (R): The rise in prices is due to shortage in supply of essential consumer goods.
Assertion (A): X, because of unsound state of mind and not knowing the nature of the act, attacks Y, who in sell defense and in order to ward off the attack, hits him thereby injuring him. Y has not committed an offence.
Reason (R): Y' had a right of private defense against X under Section 98 of the Indian Penal Code.
Assertion (A): X and V independently entertained the idea to kill Z. Accordingly; each of them separately inflicted wounds on z who died as a consequence. X and Y are liable for murder under 341, IPC.
Reason (R): When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of common intention of all, each of such persons is liable as if the whole act was done by him alone.
Assertion (A): A person claims compensation for his non-gratuitous act.
Reason (R): A person who enjoys benefit from lawful, non-gratuitous act of another must compensate him even though there is no contract.
Assertion (A): Freedom of Speech is the most important civil liberty of people in a democratic polity.
Reason (R): State can regulate free speech in the interest of public order.
Assertion (A): Austin's concept of law is known as imperative theory
Reason (R): Austin emphasized on the commanding character of law.
Assertion (A): The essence of joint liability under section 149 of the IPC is that the criminal act must have been done with a view to fulfil the common object of an unlawful assembly.
Reason (R): Any sudden and provocative act done by a member of an unlawful assembly would render the other members of that assembly liable.
For the following questions answer them individually
The following are enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution of India
I. Equality of status and of opportunity
II. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
III. Justice-social, economic and political
IV. Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual
V. Unity and Integrity of the nation
Which of the following is the correct order in which they appear in the preamble?
Which one of the following statements is correct?
Right to free and compulsory education for all children of the age of 6 to 14 years is:
Affirmative action connotes:
I. Measures taken by the state to help the socially disadvantaged groups
II. Positive discrimination
III. Strict quotas for the socially and educationally backward class in school/ college admissions and jobs.
Which of the above mentioned is true?
Identify the correct statement:
Consider the following statements:
I. In a recent Supreme Court verdict pronounced by Justice Markandeya Katju and Justice Cyan Sudha Mishra, the court upheld the constitutionality of the Hajj subsidy
II. Muslims are not the only beneficiaries of the secular state's generosity. Hindus have also received substantial financial support from the Government With reference to the statements mentioned above, which of the following is correct?
X, a married woman, agreed to live in adultery with B and also agreed to serve him as his housekeeper. In return, B agreed to pay X Rs. 500 per month for living in adultery and Rs. 500 per month for housekeeping. The agreement is
Ramu applied for the post of Director in an organization. The governing body of the organization passed a resolution appointing him to the post. After the meeting, one of the members of the governing body informed him privately of the resolution. Subsequently, the resolution was rescinded. Ramu claims damages. Which one of the following is the correct legal proposition in the case?
The Railway authorities allowed a train to be over crowded. In consequence, a legitimate passenger Mr. X got his pocket picked. Choose the appropriate answer:
Z is carried off by a tiger. X fires at the tiger, knowing that the shot might kill Z, but with no intention to kill Z, and in good faith trying to save Z. X's shot, however, gives Z a mortal wound. Choose the correct option -
Ms. Usha wants to file a suit against Bhagya laxmi Theatre praying for a permanent injunction (stay order) restraining the theatre from running the film named "Jai Santoshi Maa". Her contention is that the film hurt her religious feelings and sentiments as Goddess Saraswati, Laxmi and Parvati were depicted as jealous and were ridiculed.
Match schedule one and two and choose the appropriate answer
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P, Q and K made a joint promise to give S a sum of Rs. 3000. 5 recovered the whole amount from P. Q was declared insolvent and cannot give anything. Which statement out of the following is correct?
X went to Y's house and forgot his bag which contained 1 kg sweets. Y's children consumed the sweets. Decide the liability of Y.
Which one of the following is not correct?
Y makes an attempt to steal some jewels by breaking open a box and finds, opening the box, that there is no jewel in it. Choose the appropriate answer.
A lady wanted to get a railway ticket but finding a crowd near the ticket window at the station, asked Raju, who was near the window, to get a ticket for her and handed him money for the same. Raju took the money and instead of getting the ticket, ran away with it. What offence has been committed by Raju?
The Right to Equality is guaranteed by—
Mr. Samay was severely hurt while working in his factory and fell unconscious. He was rushed to a hospital by his fellow workers. In the hospital (at emergency/ casualty ward) the doctors opined that he should be operated immediately. While conducting preliminary examinations, he was found to be HIV positive. The doctors are in a dilemma regarding what should they do first—
Match the Schedule I and II and choose the appropriate answer—
In which of the following cases can a Constitutional amendment be passed just by a simple majority in Parliament?
