AP ICET 2020 Question Paper Shift-1 (11th Sep)

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The global recording industry has launched its largest wave of legal action against people suspected of sharing music files on the internet. The latest move by the International Federation of Phonographic Industry (IFPI) targeted 2.100 alleged up loaders using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks in 16 nations including the UK. France, Germany and Italy. Thousands of people have agreed to pay compensation since the campaign began. In the US, civil lawsuits have been brought against more than 15.597 people since September 2003 and there have been 3.590 settlements. 'This is a significant escalation of our enforcement actions against people who are uploading and distributing copyrighted music on P2P networks,' said IFPI chief John Kennedy. 'Thousands of people -mostly internet -savvy men in their 20s or 0s - have learnt to their cost the legal and financial risks involved in the file-sharing copyrighted music in large quantities.'Individual cases are generally brought by the national associations representing the recording industry and in some cases by the labels, as civil complaints. The UK record industry has so far brought 97 cases, with a further 65 covered by the latest action. More than $140,000 in compensation has been paid to the British Phonographic Industry by 71 individuals.

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The environmental movement has made America today a more ecologically friendly place than thirty years ago (Goldstein 2002). Legislation, research and new technologies have worked in unison to reduce pollution, increase recyclability and protect endangered animals, among many other achievements. According to a March 2003 Gallup poll, 89% of Americans recycle and 72% buy environmentally-friendly products. But at the same time, consumption is rapidly increasing, people are driving further distances with gas-guzzling SUVs, and farm land and forests are converted to developments at alarming rates. More conservation work is required according to advocacy groups, such as the National Resource Defence Counsel, World Wildlife Fund and Green Peace.

From a self-preservation perspective, environmentalism has focused on the importance of a clean and healthy environment for human existence. Beyond our physical dependency on the environment are the intangible and emotional connection people feel with nature and these connections contribute to overall happiness in life. People enjoy the beauty of snow-covered mountains, playing sports in an open field, observing wild animals roaming in their natural habitats, camping, gardening, bicycling and scuba diving. Environmentalism seeks to protect and preserve the earth for present and future generations; the intangible and emotional connections with nature are at risk. Environmentalism caused Americans to rethink their lifestyles and what can be expected from the government