Read the passage below and choose the most appropriate answer for the questions that follow.
Passage I
     One pictured a woman holding an hourglass next to the words: "Beauty has no age limit. Fertility does." Another portrayed a pair of baby shoes wrapped in a ribbon of the Italian flag. Yet another showed a man holding a half-burned cigarette: "Don't let your sperm go up in smoke" it read.
     Were they part of a government effort to promote "Fertility Day" on Sept. 22? A campaign intended to encourage Italians to have more babies. Instead, the ads set off a furore were denounced as being offensive, and within days were withdraw. What they did succeed in doing, however, was to ignite a deeper and lasting debate about why it is that Italy has one of the lowest birthrates in the world, and what can be done about it.

     The problem is not a lack of desire to have children, critics of the campaign say, but rather the lack of meaningful support provided by the government and many employers in a country where the family remains the primary source of child care. Many working women, without an extended family to care for a child, face a dilemma, as private child care is expensive. Some also worry that their job security may be undermined by missing workdays because of child care issues. Many companies do not offer flexible hours for working mothers.

     Not surprisingly, Italy's long slowdown in childbirth has coincided with its recent economic slump. But Italian families have been shrinking for decades. In 2015, 488,000 babies were born in Italy, the fewest since the country first unified in 1861. It has one of the lowest birthrates in Europe, with 1.37 children per woman, compared with a European average of 1.6, according to Eurostat figures. By contrast, in France, the economy has been flat, too, but a family-oriented system provides a far more generous social safety net that includes daycare and subsidies for families to have children. There, women have two children each on average. 

  
     The Ministry of Health began the fertility campaign on Aug. 31 with a group of online advertisements and a hashtag on Twitter. The goal was to publicize a series of public meetings on Fertility Day and encourage Italians to have more children. Even Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, whose own health minister started the campaign distanced himself from the ads in a radio interview. Under Mr Renzi, Italy's government has paid families with a so-called baby bonus of 80 to 160 euros, or about $90 to $180, for low- and middle-income households. And it has approved labour laws giving more flexibility on parental leave. 

     But Italy allocates only 1 per cent of its gross domestic product to social protection benefits — half the European average. One child out of three here is at risk of relative poverty.Italy's health minister, Beatrice Lorenzin, responding on Facebook, wrote that the Fertility Day, the campaign was not a "call to reproduction" but a day to discuss "the fertility issues that 15 per cent of Italians deal with." She promptly cancelled the campaign. "I am saddened that the launch of the advertising campaign misled many people," Ms.Lorenzine said. "I withdrew it to change it."