Instructions

In each of the questions below are given three statements followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Question 40

Statements:
All tigers are papers. No paper is tree: All trees are roads.
Conclusions:
I. No tiger is tree
II. Some roads are trees
III. Some papers are tigers
IV. Some tigers are trees

Solution

We use elimination to find an exception to the generality of the conclusions. Thus we prove they are not implied. The diagram above satisfies all the statements but contradicts conclusion IV. Since we found an exception, the conclusion is not true in "every" case. Thus it is not implied.

We can draw many scenarios that satisfy the statements using Venn diagrams and check for the validity of the conclusions. Conclusions I, II and III hold in every case. So, they are implied.


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