Instructions

In each question below are two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II You have to take the two given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from known facts and then decide which of the given Conclusions logically commonly follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts ?
Give answer
a:If only Conclusion I follows
b:If only Conclusion II follows
c:If either Conclusion I nor II follows
d:If neither Conclusions I nor II follows
e:If both Conclusion I and II follow

Question 37

Statements: No month is a year. No year is a second.
Conclusions
I.All months are seconds.
II.No second is month.

Solution

Use the left diagram (3 circles on the left) to contradict conclusion I.
Use the right diagram (3 circles on the right) to contradict conclusion II.

We use elimination to find an exception to the generality of the conclusions. Thus we prove they are not implied. The diagrams above satisfy all the statements but contradict both the conclusions. Since we found an exception, the conclusions are not true in "every" case. Thus they are not implied.