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In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up.

Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating.

In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses—purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity.

There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.