Comprehension:

Read the passage carefully. Fill in the blanks (1) to (5) with the most appropriate options given below. Each blank tests your understanding of academic vocabulary and conceptual meaning.

Philosophical inquiry has long been concerned with the nature and limits of human _________(1). From classical skepticism to modern epistemology, thinkers have questioned whether certainty is attainable or merely an illusion sustained by habit and belief. Rather than treating knowledge as a static accumulation of facts, contemporary philosophy often understands it as a __________(2) process shaped by language, power, and historical context.

This shift challenges the assumption that knowledge is neutral or universally valid. Instead, it foregrounds the role of perspective in shaping what counts as truth. Scientific models, for instance, are not simple mirrors of reality but theoretical constructs that depend on prior assumptions and methodological _________(3). Recognizing this does not __________ (4) science; rather, it situates scientific knowledge within a broader framework of human inquiry. Such an understanding demands intellectual humility. If knowledge is provisional and contextbound, then disagreement becomes a productive space for dialogue rather than a threat to authority. Philosophy, in this sense, does not seek final answers but encourages individuals to

question the ____________ (5) through which they perceive the world.