Below in each question are given two statements (A) and (B). These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.

Mark answer a: if statement (A) is the cause and statement (B) is its effect.
Mark answer b: if statement (B) is the cause and statement (A) is its effect.
Mark answer c: if both the statements (A) and (B) are independent causes.
Mark answer d: if both the statements (A) and (B) are effects of independent causes.
Mark answer e: if both the statements (A) and (B) are effects of some common cause.