What is the cost of fencing a rectangular field?
I. The dimensions of the field are 100 m $$\times$$ 75 m.
II. The cost of fencing is Rs. 50 per meter.
TS ICET 2018 Question Paper Shift-1
The question is followed by data in the form of two statements labelled as I and II. You must decide whether the data given in the Statements are sufficient to answer the questions.
What ts the height of the mountain?
I. Seen from a point A on level with the foot of the mountain the angle of the elevationofthe top is $$30^\circ$$.
II. The moutain is surrounded by a forest.
What is the cost of the table?
I. 2 tables and 3 chairs cost Rs. 5000
II. 3 tables and 2 chairs cost Rs. 6500
How many bricks are needed to construct a wall?
I. The dimensions of the wall are 30m $$\times$$ 2m $$\times$$ 0.5m.
II. The dimensionsof the brick are 30 cm $$\times$$ 10 cm $$\times$$ 5 cm.
What is the average wage of the worker in the factory?
I. The total monthly wage bill of the factory is Rs. 25 lakhs.
II. The monthly salary of the supervisor is Rs. 20000.
When the value of the two digit number pq is greater than 9, what is that number?
I. The sum of the digits p + q = 11.
II. The number is a multiple of 29.
What is the value of the odd integer p?
I. 28 < 7p < 49
II. 27 < 3p < 72
What is the sum of the terms in the arithmetic progression?
I. The first term of the progression is 5.
II. The number of terms in the progression is 50.
How many students in the class could not pass in Hindi and Telugu?
I. 12 passed in both Hindi and Telugu
II. The number of passes in Hindi exceed that in Telugu by 15.
Are two triangles $$\triangle ABC$$ and $$\triangle DEF$$ similar?
I. $$\angle A = \angle D, \angle B = \angle E$$
II. $$\angle A + \angle B + \angle C = \angle D + \angle E + \angle F = 180^\circ$$
What is the least common multiple of two positive integers a and b?
I. a and b are distinct prime numbers.
II. a + b = 28.
What is the product of the 7 terms which are in geometric progression?
I. The first and last terms are $$\frac{1}{2}$$ and 32 respectively.
II. The common ratio of the geometric progression is 2.
In the adjacent figure. $$\angle PRT = \angle TRS$$. Is PQ parallel to TR?
I. PR = QR
II. PR = PQ
In an election contested by three candidates A, B and C, how many votes are polled by each A, B and C?
I. A got 1000 votes more than B and B got 1500 votes more than C.
II. A total valid votes polled is 19000.
What is $$\angle Q$$ in the given triangle?
I. PQ = 8cm, PR = 10cm, $$\angle R = 75^\circ$$.
II. $$\angle P = 60^\circ$$, QR = 9 cm.
Is n a prime number?
I. n is of the form $$k^4 + 4, k > 1$$
II. n is of the form 4 k + 1
If a, b, c are integers, is 3(a + c) + b divisible by 3?
I. b is divisible by 3.
II. a + b is divisible by 3.
Is the triangle $$\triangle ABC$$ equilateral? (a, b, c are lengths of the sides of the triangle).
I. $$a^2 + b^2 + c^2 > 0$$
II. $$a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = (ab + bc + ca)$$
How much time will it take for two pipes A and B to fill a tank which is half full?
I. A can fill the empty tank in 12 minutes.
II. B can empty the full tank in 8 minutes.
n and m are real numbers. Is $$n^2 < m^2$$?
I. m > 0
II. n < m
The following question has a sequence of numbers or letters that follow a definite pattern is given. Each questionhas a blank space. This has to be filled by the correct answer from the four given options to complete the sequence without breaking the pattern.
Mouse : Cat :: ---------- : Tiger
100 : 9999 :: 60 : ------
$$B \otimes Z : 2 \otimes 26 :: E \otimes T : ------$$
READ : DEAR :: --------- : PINK
7 : 63 :: 15 : ----------
7 : 342 :: 9 : -------
DRIVER : ESJWFS :: HELMET : ---------
LKJ : onm :: -------- : hgf
$$\sum_{K=1}^{n} : \frac{n(n+1)}{2} :: \sum_{K=1}^{n} K^2 : ---------$$
54 : 88 :: 180 : --------
pick the odd thing out:
The question follows a definite pattern. observe the same and fill in the blanks with suitable answers.
2, 3, 5, 9, 17, 33, -------
9, 101, 999, 10001, ----------, 1000001, 9999999
(26, 28, 27), (22, 24, 23), (18, 20, 19), (14, 16, 15), ---------
7, 13, 21, 31, 43, 57, --------
24.5, 18.0, 12.5, 8.0, --------, 2.0
$$\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}, 1, \frac{8}{\sqrt{5}}, \frac{11}{5}, --------$$
Z, X, V, T, R, P, N, L, J, ----------
2, 7, 17, 32, 52, 77, -------
3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 12, 16, 15, 20, 18, 24, 21, ------
7, 8, 6, 9, 5, 10, 4, 11, 3, ------
The following graph summarizes production and export details of an industry over the past 6 years 2011 to 2016. Based on the data given in the graph answer the following question.
For the years 2011 to 2016 what was the approximate percent of the total export in total production?
What was the percent increase in exports from 2011 to 2014?
In which year was the ratio of the production to the exports minimum?
The following Pie chart details the expenditure under various heads of accounts of an Autonomous University. Based on the data given in the chart answer the questions.
If the annual expenditure is Rs. 24 cores, then the amount of money spent of Learner Support Services is (in crores of Rupees).
The percentage expenditure spent under the Head E is how much more than the expenditure spent under the Head C?
If in a particular year the expenditure under the head A is Rs. 3.6 Crores. then the amount of money available (in Crores of Rupees) for head D is ?
The heads under which $$16\frac{2}{3}\%$$ of the total expenditure spent is?
If in a year the expenditure under the heads C and E put together is Rs. 8 Crores then the total expenditure on the rest of the heads put together is (in Crores of Rupees)?
For the following questions answer them individually
In a group of 100 people who watch sports in television, 10 people watch neither cricket nor foot ball. The numberof people in that group who watch at least one of cricket and football is?
For any set S, let n(S) denote the number of elements in S. For $$A \subseteq S$$, let $$A^1$$ denotes set S-A. If A, B, C are three sets such that n(A) = 80, n(B) = 46, n(c) = 38, $$n(A \cap B \cap C^1) = 20, n(B \cap C \cap A^1) = 9, n(C \cap A \cap B^1) = 13$$. If $$n(A \cap B \cap C) = 1$$, then $$n(A \cup B \cup C) = $$
In a code the vowels of the English alphabet A. E. I. O. U are coded as 05, 04, 03. 02. 01 respectively. The consonants B. C. D. F. G. ........ X, Y, Z are coded as 26, 25, 24, 23, 23, 22. ......, 08, 07, 06 respectively. Basing on this code answer the following question.
What is the code for ‘WATER’?
Which word is coded as 03250411?
What is the code word for ‘SPIN’?
Which word is coded as 1003120522?
What is the code for ‘TUBE’?
For the following questions answer them individually
In a certain code, if ‘SISTER’ is coded as “RHRSDQ’. then the code for ‘BROTHER’ is?
If ‘COMPUTER’ is coded as ‘OCPMTURE’, then the code for “CALCULATOR’ is?
If ‘CRICKET’ is coded as ‘HWNHPIJY’. what word is coded as ‘GFYXRFS'?
If the code word for ‘\WARANGAL/’ is ‘XZSZOFBK’, then the code word for ‘NALGONDA’ will be?
If ‘SOFT’ is coded as 19150620. then what is the code for ‘HARD’?
If today is Sunday. what day of the week it was 123 days before?
At what time. between 5 and 6 o’clock. will the two hands of a clock be at nght angle?
At what angle the hands of a clock are inclined whenthe time is 4.20?
A is the father of two sisters B and C: E is the mother of C: F is brother of E; and D is the wife of F. HowB is related to F?
A train $$T_1$$ leaves from A towards B at 2.45pm with a speed of 50 kmph. A train $$T_2$$ leaves B at 1.35pm goes on a different track at a rate of 60 kmph towards A. If the distance between A and B is 510kms, at what time distance from A $$T_1$$ meets $$T_2$$?
A person starts from a point A and travels 3km towards B and then turns left and travels thrice that distance to reach C. He again turns left and travels 5 times the distance he covered between A and B and reaches his destination D. The shortest distance betweenhis departure point and destination?
Seven children A. B. C, D. E. F and G are standing in a line. G is to the right of D and to the left of B. A is on the right of C. A and C have one child between them. E and B have two children between them. Who ts exactly in the middle?
If $$\Box$$ is defined by $$a \Box b = \frac{a - b}{a + b}$$, $$\diamondsuit$$ by $$a \diamondsuit b = \frac{a + b}{a - b}$$, $$rightarrow$$ is defined by $$a \rightarrow b = ab$$, then $$\frac{(55 \Box 5) \rightarrow (77 \diamondsuit 7)}{(2 \Box 3)\rightarrow(4 \diamondsuit 5)} =$$
If $$+$$ means $$\div$$, $$-$$ means $$+$$, $$\times$$ means $$-$$, and $$/$$ means $$\times$$, then the value of the expression
$$[\left\{(17 \times 12) - (4/2)\right\} + (23 - 4)]/9 =$$
For integers a and b, if
$$a \triangle b = (a + b - 3)^2 + 1$$ then $$(1 \triangle 2)\triangle(1 \triangle 2) =$$
$$(256)^{\frac{4}{25}}(16)^{\frac{9}{50}} =$$
If $$a + b + c = 0$$ then $$x^{a^2b^{-1}c^{-1}}.x^{a^{-1}b^2c^{-1}}.x^{a^{-1}b^{-1}c^2} =$$
$$4x^2 + 13y^2 + 9z^2 = 12y(x + z) \Rightarrow x : y : z =
The ratio of the present ages of A and B is 2:3. B is 6 years older than A. The ratio of their ages after 8 years will be?
If $$\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y} = 13$$ and $$\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y} = 7$$ then $$\sqrt{xy} = ?$$
If $$a = \frac{\sqrt{3} - 1}{\sqrt{3} + 1}$$ and $$b = \frac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{\sqrt{3} - 1}$$ then the value of $$\frac{a^2 - ab + b^2}{a^2 + ab + b^2}$$ is
The greatest integer not exceeding 2180 whichis divisible by 13 is
The number of positive divisors of 37800 is?
What is the least square number which is divisible by 3, 4, 5 and 6?
If 398, 436 and 542 are divided by k the respective remainders are 7. 11 and 15 then the largest value of k is?
$$\frac{1.75 \times 1.75 \times 1.75 + 1.25 \times 1.25 \times 1.25}{1.75 \times 1.75 - 1.75 \times 1.25 + 1.25 \times 1.25} =$$
0.333 ..........+0.444 ........ =
If $$a = \frac{22}{5}, b = \frac{32}{7}, c = \frac{50}{11}$$ and $$d = \frac{57}{13}$$ then
What is the ascending orderof the fractions $$\frac{6}{11}, \frac{5}{14}, \frac{9}{10}, \frac{8}{13}, \frac{7}{9}, ?$$
If 2a% of b is c then 3a% of 5b is?
In an examination minimumpass percentage is 40. If a candidate gets 75 marks and fails by 25 marks then the maximum mark in the examinationis?
A person sold a table at profit of $$6\frac{1}{2}\%$$ Had he sold it for Rs. 1250 more. he would have gained 19%. Thenthe cost of that table (in rupees) is?
A person purchased a property and sold $$\frac{3}{4}th$$ of the property with 10%profit. If he receives Rs. 120000 as profit through part of the sale, then total price of the property (in lakhs of rupees) is?
P, Q and R invested capitals in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5, the timing of their investments being in the ratio 4 : 5 : 6. In what ratio would their profits be distributed?
Ravi and Shyamare partners in a business. Ravi contributes $$\frac{1}{4}$$ of the capital for 15 months and Shyam receives $$\frac{2}{3}$$ of the total profits. For how long Shyam’s money was in the business?
Three taps P, Q, R can separately fill a cistern in 6 min, 12 min and 15 min respectively. While a fourth tap S can empty the cistern in 4 min. If all the four taps are opened together whenthe cistern is empty. in what time (in minutes) the cistern is full?
Pipes P and Q can fill a cistern in 12 minutes and 15 minutes respectively. Both are opened together but after 3 minutes P is turned off. After how much more time (in minutes) will the cistern be filled?
A man travels $$\frac{1}{2}$$ of the total distance with a speed of 40 kmph, $$\frac{1}{3}$$ distance at a speed of 50 kmph and the remaining distance at a speed of 100 kmph. Then the average speed in kmph is?
A person travels from his home to office at a speed of 20 kmph and reaches office late by 15 min. Next day he travels at a speed of 30 kmphand reaches office 15 min early. Then the distance from his hometo office in k.m.s is?
Mr. A alone canfinish a piece of work in 24 days. For the same work. to finish alone B and C require 18 days and 12 days respectively. The 3 persons worked for 4 days and then A left the job, then the numberof days required to finish the remaining work by B and C together is?
If a person requires 36 hours to do $$\frac{4}{5}th$$ of a work the numberof additional hours required to complete the work is?
The sides of a rectangularplot of land are in the ratio 2:3 and its area is 29400 sq meters. The cost (in rupees) of the putting up a fence aroundthe plotat the rate of Rs. 50 per meter is?
If a rhombus has diagonals of length 18 cm and 24 cm, thenits area (in sq.cm) is
A rectangular sheet of dimensions 22 m X 10 mis rolled into a cylinderso that the smaller side becomes the height. The volume of the cylinder (in cu. cm) is
In a circle of radius 7 cm, the area of a sectoris $$\frac{77}{3}$$ sq.cm. The sectorial angle is
The height of a cylindrical drumis 7 cm and the difference between the outer and inner surface areas is 44 sq cm. The thickness of the drumis? (Take $$\pi = \frac{22}{7}$$)
The area of a rhombus whose side and height are 12 cm and 26 cm respectively.
The smallest side of a triangle is 9 cm andits angles are $$90^\circ, 60^\circ, 30^\circ$$. Then the area of the triangle (in square centimeters)
If $$1397 \equiv \gamma$$ (mod 144) and $$0 \leq \gamma \leq 143$$ then $$\gamma =$$
$$(110110011)_2 =$$
If p and q are two statements then $$\sim (p \wedge q)$$ is equivalent to
$$\sim (p \vee (\sim p \wedge q))$$ is equivalent to
If $$f(x) = \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}$$ and $$g(x) = \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 + x^2}}$$ then $$(fog)x =$$
If $$\mid x \mid < 1$$ and $$f(x) = 1 + x + x^2 + .......$$ then $$f^{-1}(x) =$$
The domain of the function $$f(x) = \frac{1}{x^2 + 1}$$ is
The area of the region (in sq. units) bounded by $$y = \mid x \mid - 5$$ with the coordinates axes is
The equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of the lines $$3x + 4y + 5 = 0$$ and $$4x + y - 2 = 0$$ and perpendicular to the line $$\frac{x}{5} + \frac{y}{2} = 1$$ is
If $$2 \cot \theta = 3$$, then $$\frac{2 \cos \theta - \sin \theta}{2 \cos \theta + \sin \theta} =$$
$$(1 + \tan 17^\circ)(1 + \tan 28^\circ) =$$
$$\frac{3 \tan A - \tan^3 A}{1 - 3 \tan^2 A} =$$
A person walking along a straight road towards a hill observes at two points with distance $$\sqrt{3}$$ km. between them the angles of elevation of the hill to be $$30^\circ$$ and $$60^\circ$$. What is the height of the hill?
$$\sqrt{(ab - ac - bc)^2 + 4abc(a + b)} =$$
$$a + b + c = 9; a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 27 \Rightarrow ab + bc + ca =$$
If $$x^2 - 3x + 2$$ is a factor of $$x^3 - 6x^2 + ax + b$$, then (a, b) =?
The remainder obtained when $$9^{19} + 6$$ is divided by 8 is
If $$\frac{6}{x + y} + \frac{15}{x - y} = 8$$ and $$\frac{10}{x + y} - \frac{9}{x - y} = 2$$ then 3x + 2y =
In a triangle PQR, $$\angle P = x^\circ, \angle Q = 3x^\circ, \angle R = y^\circ$$. If $$3y - 5x = 30$$, then the triangle is
If -22 is the $$n^{th}$$ term of the arithmetic progression 5, 2, -1, ......., then n =
If the sum of the first three terms of a geometric progression is $$\frac{39}{10}$$ and if their product is 1. Then common ratio is
If the $$21^{st}$$ and $$22^{nd}$$ terms in the expansion of $$(1 + x)^{44}$$ are equal then x =
$$(1 + \sqrt{3})^6 + (1 - \sqrt{3})^6 =$$
If $$A = \left(\begin{array}{c}0 & 0 & 1\\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\1 & 0 & 0\end{array}\right)$$ and $$B = \left(\begin{array}{c}1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right)$$ then $$A^{15}B^{17} + A^{17}B^{15} =$$
If a. b, c are three distinct positive real numbers and if
Figure
$$\lim_{x \rightarrow 1}\frac{x^2 - 5x + 4}{x^2 - 3x + 2} =$$
$$y = \tan^{-1}\left[\frac{1 + \tan x}{1 - \tan x}\right] \Rightarrow \frac{dy}{dx} =$$
PQRS is a square with diagonal a + b. The perimeter of the square whose area is twice that of PQRSis
In a triangle the point of concurrence ofinternal bisectors of its angles is called its
A, B, C, D are four points on a circle AC and BD intersect at E such that $$\angle BEC = 130^\circ$$ and $$\angle ECD = 20^\circ$$. Then $$\angle BAC =$$
The area (in sq units) of the triangle formed by the points (1. 2), (3. 4) and the origin is
If the points A(1, 2), B(3, -4), C(5, -6) and D(11, -8) lie on a circle, then the center of the circle is
If the arithmetic mean of 17. 2a-b. 2b-c and 2c-a is 20 then the arithmetic mean of a, b, c is
The medianof the observations 7, 5. 2, 6, 4. 3, 15, 14, 19, 25, 8, 11, 13 is
The mode of the following data
The standard deviation of 12, 16, 23, 18, 24, 15 is
If x $$neq$$ 0 then the variance of x + 1, x + 2, x + 3, x + 7, x + 8, x + 9 is
From a well-shuffled deck of playing cards the probability of choosing a card at random which is either a red card or an ace. is
The probability for a number chosen at random from the first 32 natural numbers to be a composite, is
A bag contains 8 white balls and 6 red balls. The probability of drawing at random two balls of the same colour is
A six sided fairdie is rolled 3 times. Then the probability that the face with the number 6 on it will not face upward onthe three occasions is
The probability that P and Q get the scholarship are 0.6 and 0.8 respectively. Then the probability that exactly one of P. Q gets the scholarship is
Choose the correct meaning of the word given:
Surmise
Replete
Squalid
Liaise
Nonplussed
Postulate
Fill in the blank choosing the correct word:
Studies show that there is a/an ----------- between obesity and food habits.
On important religious festival days. there is huge -------- of worshippers at the temples.
The basic ---------- of a democracy is that it treats all people equal.
A memberof the opposition has made ------- remarks about his leader.
Choose the correct answer:
FTP stands for
A code of good conduct on the intemetis referred to as
DRAM stands for
What is meta data?
From an information systems audit perspective, which of the following is the most valuable asset in an information systemsfacility?
Members of the Board of Directors of a company are part of the
The policy guidelines for sh aring revenues between central government and state governments is formulated by
WTO is an organization for promoting
With increasing consumption of a product. its marginal utility
Which among the following media of advertisement is most interactive?
The passive form of the sentence. “They have not addressed themselves to the task, properly”is
Set aside all your negative feelings and listen with an open mind. This sentence implies that one should be
A: ‘Aren’t you cut up with me for the mess I created for youlast Monday’?
B: ‘Let bygones be by gone’.
'B’ is
A: “I presume your newbossis a great achiever and he'll bring in a turnaround”.
B: “Well. I can only saythat youare living in a fool’s paradise”.
‘B’
No matter how sorry Alex for what happened, or how many times he apologised ortried to make up forit. he couldn’t remove the hurt.
This sentence means that in undoing the hurt, Alex was
The government is mulling over a new tax regime
The underlined phrase means
A: “The volume of traffic on our city roads has risen by a hundred per cent in the last one year.”
B: “Really?”
‘B’s answer showsthat he
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrase / verb / preposition:
The boy is certainly bent ---------- mischief.
Poverty should not prevent a person --------- attempting to succeed in life.
He showed a preference -------- ready money.
I don’t knowfor howlong I can ----------- with his rudeness.
Recent medical research has made a ------------ in traditional medical treatment.
Why don’t you ----------- for a course that you have an aptitude for?
The snake was ------------ fast to catch its prey.
True religion does not require one to ------------ through force.
Read the following passage and answer questions:
Passage:
It is very likely that at one point or another during your employment. you have been, or will be. asked to work on group projects. Although they canbe
interesting and challenging at times. it can becomea stressful situation when the members of the teamdo not pull their fair share of the load. Some do less than
others because their participation in the project does not require as muchinput. but other co-workers might try to pawn their share of the work on their members
of the team. Unless you have the skill and innerstrength to say ‘No’ to these individuals who ask youto do their work for them. you are going to be in deep
trouble. However. sometimes getting overburdened has nothing to do with people asking you to take more on, but instead it is you not being able to tell
yourself ‘No’ — that is stopping yourself from taking on more than what is actually your responsibility because you may ofthe type that likes to take charge
of situations. If the problemlies with being asked to do more by one or more members of the team. then you need to work on learning howto say ‘No’ to
their requests. You need to be straight forward yet polite. You do not want to give them any negotiating room.
When can group projects become troublesome?
Whendoes“..........: try to pawn their share of work........ '' mean?
When can one be in ‘deep trouble’?
Why do some people ‘overburden themselves’?
How can one prevent oneself from being taken advantage of?
Read the following passage and answer questions:
Passage:
‘Raviz Hotels and Resorts’ has been a name to reckon with in the hospitality industry. Its commitment to providing traditional Kerala hospitality
coupled with world-class luxury. multi-cuisine dishes and unblemished service has gained many an accolade forthe group.
Situated in four different locations in Kerala. “Raviz’ stands tall and proud in offering riverside, lakeside, seafront and city stays to its guests. “Raviz’ by
far has been one of the most favourite holiday spots because of its diligent selection of serene surroundings. proximity to water bodies and exquisite facilities.
It is a “Raviz custom’ that everything traditional in its originality. must be provided to guests who seek it. Expert physicians. proper administration of
therapies and a number of other authentic Ayurveda treatments can be experienced at ‘Raviz’. For reservationscall toll free 1800425222200.
What is the above passage?
What is ‘Raviz’?
How many branches does ‘Raviz’ have in Kerala?
What is not mentioned as a feature of ‘Raviz’?
Which is not stated as a reason for ‘Raviz’ being a favourite holiday spot?
Read the following passage and answer questions:
Passage:
A new USstudy has warned that adolescents who take performance enhancing anabolic steroids are more likely to have adverse neural and behavioural consequences like aggression and moodiness because ofthe steroids effect on the underdeveloped brain and nervous system. The study by Northern University in US, centered around a brain chemical called serotonin. which is linked to mood. Lowerlevels of serotonin are associated with depression and aggression. Forthe study. experiments were carried out on a strain of Syrian hamsters. This breed has similar neurological circuitry to humans, so experts felt it might be a good model for humans in this respect. The hamsters were given a high dose of anabolic steroids over the course of the month — which corresponded to five years repeated dosage in humans. The researchers found that the hamsters were more aggressive than those not given steroids and these aggressive tendencies were mellowed if Prozac — a drug whichboosts serotonin “uptake* — was given. However. subsequent analysis showedsignificantly lower than normal serotonin levels in the neural connections of the hamster’s brains. This suggests there may be long-term effects of taking steroids while the brain is still developing. Professor Richard Melloni who helped run the study. was quoted as saying by BBC: “We knowsteroids affect the development of serotonin nerve cells. which in turn. decreases serotonin availability in the brain. The serotonin neural system is developing during adolescence and the use of anabolic steroids during this critical period appears to have immediate neural and behavioural consequences”.
Upon which breed of mammals were the experiments carried out?
Which is the drug used for boosting serotonin ‘uptake’?
Why do adolescents develop neural disorders?
What was the specific characteristic of the ‘breed’ selected for the experiment?
How would one best describe the passage?
