Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
Passage I
There arc two main kinds of development agency: the one which trace to introduce specific changes and is mainly interested in material development: and the other which is primarily interested in people. On the whole the first wants to "get things done"; the other to develop the people's own abilities for leadership, wise judgement and co-oprative action. For agencies of the second kind, the material result is less important than the way it is achieved.
Agencies and workers, who themselves decide the specific form development should take, assume, of course, that they know better than the people what the people need. Most social development workers and technical officers have worked on this assumption in the past, and although they were often right they were not always right, for they sometimes made the mistake of assuming that what was good within their own culture was certain to be good in other cultures too. Missionaries, for instance, insisted on their converts wearing clothes because they were used to them themselves, and they established schools with syllabuses that suited the missionaries' own countries, rather than the countries where the schools were built.
Agencies and their workers tend to be more careful nowadays, but experts and specialists trained in Western ways still often make mistakes in cultures other than their own. Agencies everywhere are now realizing that they are risking failure if they assume that their own ideas are right in environments and cultures other than their own. The East African Groundnut Scheme failed because it did not take the local conditions of soil and climate sufficiently into account. The West African Anchau Rural Development Scheme illustrates, less spectacularly, the result of failing to consider the human factor when working in a different culture.
This Scheme was started in 1937 to eradicate sleeping sickness from a part of the Zaria province of the Northern Region of Nigeria. The people in charge made a detailed survey of the area, made detailed studies of the farming conditions in sample hamlets and made a careful census of the people. Indeed, they scientifically examined in minute detail every aspect of the situation that seemed to them important. But it failed because people were thought of as being there "to be done good to" in the mass, but they were not envisaged as persons, each with one's own small world of hopes and fears, who might in some way be consulted.
The author states that the West African Anchau Rural Development Scheme failed due to a lack of consideration for the human factor when operating in a different culture.The passage highlights that the individuals in charge treated the locals as "people to be done good to," without considering them as individuals with their own hopes, fears, and opinions. They did not involve or consult the local people in the decision-making process, which contributed to the scheme's failure. Therefore, the answer is C.
Option A: While the passage does mention that Western experts sometimes fail to consider local conditions, particularly in cultures different from their own, it doesn't say that the Anchau Rural Development Scheme failed solely because of this.
Option B: The passage doesn't say that the men heading the project "forgot the big picture." The issue wasn't about excessive detail but rather about neglecting the human factor and failing to consult the local community.
Option D:Â The passage mentions that experts sometimes assume they know what's best for people. However, the primary reason for the failure of the Anchau Scheme was not the assumption that they knew better, but rather the failure to engage the local population in the process.
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