Mr. Madan observed his tax deduction at source, done by his employer, as Rs. 3,17,910/-. What was his total income (in Rs.) if he neither has to pay any additional tax nor is eligible for any refund?

Madan's tax deduction at source = Rs. 3,17,910

From the table we can see that one can pay this much amount of tax if he earns more than 5 lakh. 

Let say Madan's is Rs. x more than 5 lakhs. Therefore, Madan's total income = Rs. 500000+x.  

Total income tax paid by Madan = 1.03{0.3*(x) + 0.2*(200000) + 0.1(140000)}

$$\Rightarrow$$ $$\dfrac{317910}{1.03} = 0.3x + 54000$$

$$\Rightarrow$$ x = 848835.

Therefore, Madan's total income = 500000+848835 = Rs. 1348835.  Hence, option A is the correct answer.