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Question 62

The IUPAC name of

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is

Solution

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Step 1: Locate the longest continuous carbon chain

Starting from any carbon atom and moving through the skeleton one finds a chain of $$7$$ carbon atoms. Hence the parent (root) hydrocarbon is $$\text{heptane}$$.

Step 2: Identify and list the substituents
On this seven-carbon backbone there are
  • one ethyl group $$\left(-CH_2CH_3\right)$$, and
  • two methyl groups $$\left(-CH_3\right)$$ attached to the same carbon.

Step 3: Number the parent chain to obtain the lowest set of locants
Numbering from the left end of the drawn chain gives substituent positions $$3$$ (ethyl) and $$4,4$$ (methyls).
Numbering from the opposite end would give positions $$5$$ (ethyl) and $$4,4$$ (methyls), i.e. the locant set $$5,4,4$$. Because $$3,4,4$$ is lexicographically smaller than $$5,4,4$$, the correct numbering is left-to-right.

Step 4: Assemble the IUPAC name
List the substituents in alphabetical order, each preceded by its locant(s) and multiplicative prefix if needed:
  • ethyl > methyl in alphabetical ordering.
Hence the final name is
$$3\text{-ethyl-}4,4\text{-dimethylheptane}$$.

Step 5: Check the given options
Option D matches the derived name, whereas Options A, B and C are based on choosing a five-carbon parent chain (pentane) which is shorter than the permissible seven-carbon chain and therefore violate the IUPAC rule that the principal chain must be the longest possible.

Therefore, the correct answer is:
Option D which is: $$3$$-ethyl-$$4,4$$-dimethylheptane.

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