Match List-I with List-II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Case A : Simple distillation
Simple (ordinary) distillation is used when the two liquids are completely miscible and their boiling points differ by more than about $$25^{\circ}\text{C}$$. Chloroform boils at $$61^{\circ}\text{C}$$ while aniline boils at $$184^{\circ}\text{C}$$, a difference of $$123^{\circ}\text{C}$$. Therefore the pair chloroform + aniline can be separated by ordinary distillation. Hence (A) → (III).

Case B : Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is chosen for mixtures whose components are miscible and have boiling points that are close to each other (difference less than about $$25^{\circ}\text{C}$$). Petrol and diesel are overlapping fractions of petroleum whose components possess closely spaced boiling ranges; they are separated industrially in a fractionating tower. Hence (B) → (I).

Case C : Distillation under reduced pressure (vacuum distillation)
When a liquid has a very high boiling point and tends to decompose at its normal boiling point, it is distilled at a lowered external pressure so that it boils at a lower temperature. Glycerol (bp $$\approx 563\ \text{K}$$) is separated from spent-lye (the residual liquor in soap manufacture) by vacuum distillation to avoid its decomposition. Hence (C) → (IV).

Case D : Steam distillation
Steam distillation is applicable to compounds that are volatile in steam, immiscible with water, and possess high boiling points. Aniline is immiscible with water and forms a separate layer; it distils along with steam at a temperature much lower than its normal boiling point, allowing its separation from water. Hence (D) → (II).

Collecting all matches:
(A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II).

This correspondence is provided by Option D.