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Question 55

The complex ion $$[Pt(NO_2)(Py)(NH_3)(NH_2OH)]^+$$ will give

Solution

The oxidation state of platinum in $$[Pt(NO_2)(Py)(NH_3)(NH_2OH)]^{+}$$ is $$+2$$ (all ligands except $$NO_2^-$$ are neutral, so the charge on the complex is $$+1$$ and therefore $$Pt$$ is $$+2$$).
$$Pt^{2+}$$ almost always forms square-planar complexes (coordination number $$4$$).

Square-planar geometrical isomerism arises from different pairs of ligands being trans (180° apart) or cis (90° apart).
If all four ligands were identical there would be only one arrangement, but here we have four different monodentate ligands: $$NO_2^-$$, $$Py$$, $$NH_3$$ and $$NH_2OH$$.

For a square-planar complex of the type $$[M\,A\,B\,C\,D]$$ (all ligands different) the possible distinct geometrical isomers can be counted as follows:

1. Fix one ligand (say $$A$$) at the top position; because rotation within the plane does not create a new isomer, this “locks” the plane’s orientation.
2. Now place a second ligand trans to $$A$$. Three different choices are available for this trans partner (any of $$B, C, D$$).
3. After the trans pair is chosen, the remaining two ligands automatically occupy the remaining two positions and are cis to each other. Interchanging those two remaining ligands is only a rotation of the square plane and therefore does not generate a new isomer.

Hence the total number of distinct square-planar arrangements for $$[M\,A\,B\,C\,D]$$ is $$3$$.

Applying this to $$[Pt(NO_2)(Py)(NH_3)(NH_2OH)]^{+}$$ with
$$A = Py,\; B = NO_2^-,\; C = NH_3,\; D = NH_2OH,$$ we obtain the three geometrical isomers:

Case 1: $$Py$$ trans $$NO_2^-$$   (therefore $$NH_3$$ cis $$NH_2OH$$)

Case 2: $$Py$$ trans $$NH_3$$   (therefore $$NO_2^-$$ cis $$NH_2OH$$)

Case 3: $$Py$$ trans $$NH_2OH$$   (therefore $$NO_2^-$$ cis $$NH_3$$)

No further distinct arrangements are possible; any attempt to draw another diagram can be rotated into one of the above three.

Therefore the complex ion exhibits exactly $$3$$ geometrical (cis-trans) isomers.

Option B which is: 3 isomers (Geometrical)

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