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Question 40

Fire extinguishers contain $$H_2SO_4$$ and which one of the following?

Solution

In a traditional “soda-acid” fire extinguisher, there are two separate components:

1. A glass bottle (or sealed ampule) containing concentrated $$H_2SO_4$$.
2. An outer solution that consists of a mixture of $$NaHCO_3$$ (sodium hydrogen-carbonate, commonly called baking soda) and $$Na_2CO_3$$ (soda ash).

When the extinguisher is inverted or struck, the glass bottle breaks and $$H_2SO_4$$ mixes with the carbonate/bicarbonate solution. The following reactions take place:

$$H_2SO_4 + 2\,NaHCO_3 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2\,H_2O + 2\,CO_2$$

$$H_2SO_4 + Na_2CO_3 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_2O + CO_2$$

The liberated $$CO_2$$ is a heavy, non-combustible gas that blankets the flames, cutting off the supply of oxygen and thereby extinguishing the fire.

Because both $$NaHCO_3$$ and $$Na_2CO_3$$ are present along with $$H_2SO_4$$ in this type of extinguisher, the correct choice is:

Option A which is: $$NaHCO_3$$ and $$Na_2CO_3$$

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