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Comprehension:
The two plots below give the following information about six firms A, B, C, D, E, and F for 2019 and 2023.
PAT: The firm’s profits after taxes in Rs. crores,
ES: The firm’s employee strength, that is the number of employees in the firm, and
PRD: The percentage of the firm’s PAT that they spend on Research and Development (R&D).
In the plots, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of point representing each firm gives their ES and PAT values respectively. The PRD values of each firm are proportional to the areas
around the points representing each firm. The areas are comparable between the two plots, i.e., equal areas in the two plots represent the same PRD values for the two years.
The ratio of the amount of money spent by Firm C on R&D in 2019 to that in 2023 is closest to
This can be a little difficult to solve since the bubbles are not closed within a fixed boundary, but in such instances, we should approximate the most visible cases.
Like the bubble of C in 2019 is almost 3 units vertically long in diameter, while that in 2023 is 2 units long.
The ratio of the amount spend on R&D on 2019 to 2024 would be given by: $$\frac{2400\pi\left(1.5\right)^2\ }{3000\pi\ \left(1\right)^2}=\frac{8}{10}\times\ \frac{9}{4}=9:5$$
Which is option D.
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