Read the following passage and answer questions.

Passage:
So now let’s talk about how discipline relates to self-esteem. In studies of children Coopersmith found that power and: witholding affection were associated with children who demonstrated low self-esteem, but management techniques were associated children who exhibited high self-esteem. So it seems that parents should use phychology punishment and witholding of affection with caution, right? Well, most psychology oypoae physical punishment for children under the age of 2, and some psychology believe that discipline should be achieved without any physical punishmentfor children of all ages, referencing the fact that discipline means ‘to teach’ whereas punishment means‘to harm’. Anywayit’s generally agreed that reinforcement of good behaviour more effective than waiting for bad behaviour that requires punishment. But we discipline is necessary, setting limits with negative consequences that are consistence enforced seems to promote healthy developmentofself-esteem in children, especially when these management techniques are supplemented with approval, attention, affection. I mean, when parents try to catch their children in the act of doing somethe right and use that as a basis for positive reinforcementof their behaviour.