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Question 155

If roots of the equation $$x^2 - bx + c = 0$$ be two consecutive integers, then $$b^2 - 4c$$ equals

Solution

Let the two consecutive integral roots be $$n$$ and $$n+1$$, where $$n$$ is an integer.

For the quadratic $$x^2 - bx + c = 0$$, Vieta’s relations give
Sum of roots $$= n + (n+1) = 2n + 1 = b$$ $$-(1)$$
Product of roots $$= n(n+1) = c$$ $$-(2)$$

We need $$b^2 - 4c$$. Substitute from $$-(1)$$ and $$-(2)$$:

$$b^2 - 4c = (2n + 1)^2 - 4\bigl[n(n+1)\bigr]$$

Expand each term:

$$(2n + 1)^2 = 4n^2 + 4n + 1$$
$$4\,n(n+1) = 4n^2 + 4n$$

Subtract:

$$b^2 - 4c = (4n^2 + 4n + 1) - (4n^2 + 4n) = 1$$

The expression is independent of the specific integer $$n$$; it always equals $$1$$.

Hence, $$b^2 - 4c = 1$$, which corresponds to
Option D which is: $$1$$

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