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Question 73

Given $$\frac{b+c}{11} = \frac{c+a}{12} = \frac{a+b}{13}$$ for a $$\triangle ABC$$ with usual notation. If $$\frac{\cos A}{\alpha} = \frac{\cos B}{\beta} = \frac{\cos C}{\gamma}$$, then the ordered triad $$(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$$ has a value:

1. Find the sides in terms of a constant

Let us set the given equations to a constant $$k$$.

$$\frac{b+c}{11} = \frac{c+a}{12} = \frac{a+b}{13} = k$$

This gives us a system of three simple equations:

  • $$b + c = 11k$$
  • $$c + a = 12k$$
  • $$a + b = 13k$$

Add all three equations together to find the perimeter in terms of $$k$$:

$$2(a + b + c) = 36k$$
$$a + b + c = 18k$$

Now, subtract each original equation from this sum to find the individual sides $$a$$, $$b$$, and $$c$$:

  • $$a = 18k - (b + c) = 18k - 11k = 7k$$
  • $$b = 18k - (c + a) = 18k - 12k = 6k$$
  • $$c = 18k - (a + b) = 18k - 13k = 5k$$

2. Apply the Cosine Rule

Since we know the sides are proportional to 7, 6, and 5, we can drop the $$k$$ for the ratio calculations or keep it. It will cancel out anyway. Let us use the standard cosine formulas.

For angle A:

$$\cos A = \frac{b^2 + c^2 - a^2}{2bc}$$

$$\cos A = \frac{36k^2 + 25k^2 - 49k^2}{2(6k)(5k)}$$

$$\cos A = \frac{12k^2}{60k^2} = \frac{1}{5}$$

For angle B:

$$\cos B = \frac{a^2 + c^2 - b^2}{2ac}$$

$$\cos B = \frac{49k^2 + 25k^2 - 36k^2}{2(7k)(5k)}$$

$$\cos B = \frac{38k^2}{70k^2} = \frac{19}{35}$$

For angle C:

$$\cos C = \frac{a^2 + b^2 - c^2}{2ab}$$

$$\cos C = \frac{49k^2 + 36k^2 - 25k^2}{2(7k)(6k)}$$

$$\cos C = \frac{60k^2}{84k^2} = \frac{5}{7}$$

3. Equate to the given condition

We are given that $$\frac{\cos A}{\alpha} = \frac{\cos B}{\beta} = \frac{\cos C}{\gamma}$$.

This implies the ratio $$\alpha : \beta : \gamma$$ is exactly equal to the ratio $$\cos A : \cos B : \cos C$$.

Let us write out that ratio:

$$\alpha : \beta : \gamma = \frac{1}{5} : \frac{19}{35} : \frac{5}{7}$$

To convert these fractions into integers, multiply the entire ratio by 35 (the least common multiple of the denominators 5, 35, and 7).

$$\alpha : \beta : \gamma = \left(\frac{1}{5} \times 35\right) : \left(\frac{19}{35} \times 35\right) : \left(\frac{5}{7} \times 35\right)$$
$$\alpha : \beta : \gamma = 7 : 19 : 25$$

The ordered triad $$(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$$ is $$(7, 19, 25)$$.

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