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For an isothermal free expansion of an ideal gas into vacuum, which one of the following set of values is correct?
1. Work Done ($$w=0$$)
Free expansion means the gas expands into a vacuum. Because the external pressure ($$P_{\mathrm{ext}}$$) is zero, no opposing force exists.
Using the work formula:
$$w=-P_{\mathrm{ext}}\cdot\Delta V$$
$$w=0\cdot\Delta V=0$$
2. Change in Internal Energy ($$\Delta U=0$$)
The process is explicitly stated to be isothermal. For an ideal gas, internal energy depends strictly on temperature.
Since temperature remains constant ($$\Delta T=0$$), the internal energy does not change:
$$\Delta U=n\cdot C_v\cdot\Delta T=0$$
3. Heat Exchanged ($$q=0$$)
According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, the total energy change relates to heat and work:
$$\Delta U=q+w$$
Substituting the known values ($$\Delta U=0$$ and $$w=0$$):
$$0=q+0$$
Correct option: (D)
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