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Question 61

Let $$p, q, r \in R$$ and $$r > p > 0$$. If the quadratic equation $$px^2 + qx + r = 0$$ has two complex roots $$\alpha$$ and $$\beta$$, then $$|\alpha| + |\beta|$$ is

Solution

For the quadratic equation $$px^2 + qx + r = 0$$, with $$p,q,r \in \mathbb{R}$$ and $$p \gt 0$$, the sum and product of its roots $$\alpha , \beta$$ are given by Vieta’s relations:

$$\alpha + \beta = -\frac{q}{p}, \qquad \alpha \beta = \frac{r}{p} \quad -(1)$$

The statement says the two roots are complex. For a quadratic with real coefficients, this means the roots occur as complex conjugates. Hence we may write

$$\alpha = x + iy, \quad \beta = x - iy, \qquad y \neq 0 \quad (x,y \in \mathbb{R}).$$

Because they are conjugates, both roots have the same modulus:

$$|\alpha| = |\beta| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}. \quad -(2)$$

Using the product relation from $$(1)$$,

$$x^2 + y^2 = \alpha \beta = \frac{r}{p}. \quad -(3)$$

Substituting $$(3)$$ in $$(2)$$,

$$|\alpha| = |\beta| = \sqrt{\frac{r}{p}}.$$

Therefore the required sum of moduli is

$$|\alpha| + |\beta| = 2\sqrt{\frac{r}{p}}. \quad -(4)$$

The condition $$r \gt p \gt 0$$ gives

$$\frac{r}{p} \gt 1 \;\; \Longrightarrow \;\; \sqrt{\frac{r}{p}} \gt 1.$$

Multiplying by $$2$$, we obtain

$$|\alpha| + |\beta| = 2\sqrt{\frac{r}{p}} \gt 2. \quad -(5)$$

Equality with $$2$$ would require $$r = p$$, which contradicts $$r \gt p$$, and equality with $$1$$ is impossible because $$\sqrt{r/p} \gt 1$$. Thus $$|\alpha| + |\beta|$$ is strictly greater than $$2$$.

Hence the correct choice is:
Option C which is: greater than 2.

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